Alimi athu a maluwa ayamba kumene kuphunzitsanso venidium, ngakhale imakulitsa kwambiri mabedi ndi minda yakutsogolo. Maluwa ake otambalala, ngati mpendadzuwa amasiyanitsidwa ndi mitundu yambiri ndipo nthawi yomweyo amakopa chidwi.
Kufotokozera
Dziko lakwawo la venidium ndi South Africa, lomwe limafotokoza kukonda kwake kutentha ndi kuwala. Mmenemo mumatha kupeza mitundu yamitundu yonseyi komanso yopanda nyengo, koma nyengo yotentha, venidium imangokhala nyengo imodzi yokha.
Chomera cha banja Asteraceae chili ndi mitundu 20, yomwe ochepa okha afalikira m'dziko lathu. Mizu yake imakhala yophuka, koma yopangidwa mwapamwamba. Tsinde ndi masamba ndizakutidwa ndi villi yochepa, yolimba. Mtundu wa masamba ake ndi wobiriwira wowoneka bwino, ndipo ma peduncles amakhala ndi bulauni kapena burgundy hue. Masamba kenaka amakhala pafupi kutalika konse kwa tsinde ndipo amakhala ndi mawonekedwe kapena opindika.
Kutalika kwa chomera chonse kumatha kufika masentimita 80. Ma peduniking ataliitali amakongoletsedwa ndi maluwa owala. Mwapangidwe, amawoneka ngati chamomile kapena mpendadzuwa. Ziphuphu ndizitali kwambiri, m'mphepete lakunja mumaloledwa kapena kuzunguliridwa. Pali maluwa a maluwa oyera, achikaso, malalanje ngakhale maluwa ofiira. Pansi pamiyala, pali mphete yofiirira, yofiirira kapena ya burgundy. Pakatikati pa mtanga uli ndi mawonekedwe a tubular komanso mtundu wakuda. Phata lamaluwa amodzi ndi 10 cm, ndipo mwa mitundu ina - 14 cm.
Maluwa ndiwotalikirapo komanso ochulukirapo, kuyambira June mpaka chisanu choyamba. Ndi chisamaliro choyenera, ma peduniking atsopano amapanga m'malo mwa duwa losweka. Pambuyo maluwa, chipatso chimacha - wamaliseche wamapiko amanjenje.
Zosiyanasiyana
Kugonjera kocheperako mpaka pano kwaperekedwa kwa akatswiri otulutsa maluwa, koma sanganyalanyazidwe. Kukula kwa kutchuka kwa duwa ukuyembekezeredwa, zomwe zikutanthauza kuwoneka kwatsopano kwa obereketsa.
Odziwika kwambiri m'maiko osiyanasiyana amazindikiridwa mbiri yabwino. Maluwa owoneka bwino pachaka amakhala ngati chokongoletsera osati m'mabwalo amsewu, komanso khonde ndi maluwa pamiyala. Mabasiketi akulu amafikira mainchesi 10-12 ndipo amasiyanitsidwa ndi mitundu yosiyanitsa. Chomerachi chili ndi khola lonse 60-70 cm, chomwe chimakhomeredwa ndi mphukira imodzi. Zilonda zam'mimba zimasintha, pang'onopang'ono kuchuluka kwake mu chomera chimodzi kumawonjezereka, ndipo venidium imasandulika kukhala chitsamba chamaluwa chotsika. Ngakhale m'mikhalidwe yachilengedwe, amakhala ndi chaka chimodzi chokha. Mitundu iyi imakhala ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana yosangalatsa:
- Kalonga wa Zulu. Mafuta oyera owongoka okhala ndi mphete yofiirira yomwe ili kumalire a bulauni kapena lakuda. Nthawi zambiri kumapeto kwa gawo lowala la petal, mutha kuzindikira kuti lilac ikuwoneka.
- Kalonga wa lalanje. Maluwa owala kwambiri ndi miyala yam'mbuyo pang'ono. Mitundu iyi imakhala ngati mpendadzuwa.
- Zosangalatsa. Ili ndi kapangidwe kakang'ono kwambiri, kutalika kwa chitsamba kamangokhala masentimita 30. Pachifukwa ichi, mbewu nthawi zambiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zochuluka. Maluwa ndi a lalanje okhala ndi miyala yazitali komanso yopyapyala yofiirira, kapena kirimu wotumbululuka wokhala ndi papo wofiirira.
Venidium marigold kunyumba imawonedwa ngati yosatha ndipo imatha kusangalatsa alimi a maluwa m'nyumba kwa nthawi yayitali. Masamba obiriwira omwe amaphatikizika amakhala ndi ubweya wonyezimira pansipa. Zimayambira molunjika kapena pang'ono ndikutukuka ndi peduncle yayitali. Maluwa ndi ocheperako, mainchesi awo samaposa masentimita 4. Mtanga wokhala ndi miyala yopapatiza yofanana ndi maluwa ofanana ndi marigolds kapena calendula, omwe amawonetsedwa kwathunthu ndi dzinalo. Maluwa amayamba kumapeto kwa Juni ndipo kumakhala chilimwe chonse.
Kukula
Monga zochitika zina, venidium imafalitsidwa ndi mbewu. Mu nyengo yofunda iwo amafesedwa pansi m'nthawi ya April. Kuti tichite izi, mbewu zimayikidwa mumabowo omasulidwa bwino ndikuphwanyidwa pansi. Sikulimbikitsidwa kubzala kwambiri. Mphukira zikamakula ndikukula, zimayang'aniridwa ndikuchotsedwa ndi mphukira zokulira kwambiri komanso zopanda mphamvu kuti malo otsalawo akhale malo. Kuti zibwezere mmera kumalo atsopano, zimakumba ndi dothi lalikulu lapansi.
Mutha kubzala mbande mu wowonjezera kutentha kapena wowonjezera kutentha. Kuti muchite izi, koyambirira kwa Marichi, konzekerani thanki yayikulu ndi nthaka yachonde. Zosakaniza za mchenga ndi peat, komanso gawo logulidwa lagolidi, ndiloyenera.
Popeza mbewu zake ndi zazikulu, zimafesedwa nthawi yomweyo kuti musataye malo akuda. Mbewuzo zimayikidwa dothi mozama ndi 5 mm, yokutidwa ndi filimu ndikusiyidwa m'chipinda chofunda pa kutentha kwa + 20 ... + 22 ° C. Mphukira imawonekera pamodzi pafupifupi masiku 8-10. Masiku ena awiri, filimuyi siyimachotsedwa kwathunthu, koma kumangoyambitsidwa nthawi ndi nthawi. Mbande yolimba imatsegulidwa kwathunthu kuti isalowe madzi. Ndikofunikira kuthirira pang'ono kuti dothi lakumtunda likhale ndi nthawi youma. Mbande zimasiyidwa pamalo amodzi mpaka masamba awiri enieni awonekere.
Pakati kapena chakumapeto kwa Meyi, ngozi ya chisanu ikasowa, mbande zimabzalidwa m'mabedi momwe maluwa angatsalire. Mukabzala, yang'anani mtunda wa 25-30 cm. Nthawi yakusinthaku ikupitilira pamalo atsopano, mbande ziyenera kutetezedwa ku dzuwa ndi madzi osasunthika m'nthaka. Kukula mwachangu kukayamba, mmera umatha kusowa izi.
Zosamalidwa
Malo omwe amayatsidwa bwino ndi dothi lopepuka, lachonde, komanso dothi labwino amasankhidwira venidium. Kutengera izi, mmera ungasangalale ndi maluwa ochuluka komanso aatali. M'nyengo youma ndi yotentha, maluwa amasinthana wina ndi mzake, koma nyengo yamvula ndi yonyowa imapatsidwira iwo. Palibe kuchepa kokha mu chiwerengero cha masamba, chomera chimatha kudwala.
Pambuyo pozika mizu, venidium nthawi yomweyo imayamba kukula kukula. Kuti mupange chitsamba chobiriwira, nthawi zina muyenera kutsina nsonga za mbewu. Kukula kophuka kwamphamvu kumafunikira malo kuti mpweya uzungulire momasuka ndi kutulutsa chinyezi chambiri, motero ndikofunikira kuti pakhale mtunda pakati pa oyandikana nawo.
Chomera chimalekerera chilala bwino, kotero kuthirira kumachitika popanda mvula kwa sabata lopitilira. Ngati tchire ndi lalitali kwambiri, ndiye kuti pamtunda pomwe mphepo zimayambira ndipo zimatha kuthyooka, motero zimangirizidwa.
Kuti apange mipata yatsopano dengu utaloledwa, tsinde lakale liyenera kuchotsedwa kwathunthu kuti lifike pansi. Nthawi zambiri, m'malo mwa kuwombera kulikonse, maluwa awiri amapangidwa nthawi imodzi. Ndiye kuti, chitsamba chimakula nthawi iliyonse kutulira.
Zomera zakuda zakuda nthawi zina zimapezeka pamiphukira yaying'ono, yomwe imatha kumwa zitsamba zonse za mtengowo. Tizilombo tikapezeka, masamba amasamalidwa nthawi yomweyo ndikuwongolera tizilombo.
Gwiritsani ntchito
Maluwa owala a venidium amatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati kutsimikizira kwakukulu mu maluwa kapena ngati tapeworm pa maluwa. Zomera zina, makamaka zamtundu wamtali, zimamera bwino m'malo amaluwa kapena muli m'makonde kapena pamatauni. Masamba osatha ndi oyenera kukongoletsa munda wachisanu nthawi yachisanu ndi zowunikira zokwanira. Venidium ndiyotchuka m'maluwa, imagwira ntchito kwambiri ndipo imakhalabe ndi chithumwa chake.
