Cherry plum Mara adapezeka ku Belarus. Posakhalitsa adasamukira ku Russia ndikukhala kotakasuka kudera lonse la Europe kumwera kwa St. Zomwe zidachitika, zomwe zimatha kusiyanasiyana komanso kuti zitheke kuti wolimayo aziliyire pamalowo - tiyesere kuzimva.
Kufotokozera kwa kalasi
Pulamu yamtunduwu imachokera ku Belarus. Zosiyanazo zidasiyidwa mu 1987, ndipo mu 1999 zidaphatikizidwa ku State Register ya Republic of Belarus. Mu State Record of Russia - kuyambira 2002. Zonetsedwa ku Volga-Vyatka, Central ndi North-Western.
Mtengo pafupi ndi Mara ndi wamtali, kutengera bungwe la All-Russian Research Institute for Fruit Crop Breeding - mtengo wamtali wamtali wokhala ndi mphukira zofiirira za maroon. Korona amakwezedwa, kuzunguliridwa, kupindika. Kuchulukana kwa chisoti kuli pafupifupi.
Ubwino wa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ndiwabwinobwino nyengo yachisanu muzinthu zonse - nkhuni, mizu, maluwa - ndi kukana kwambiri ndi matenda a fungus, kuphatikizapo kleasterosporiosis. Mutabzala pamtengo wambewu, maula a chitumbuwa amabwera kwa zaka 2-3. Mukabzala malingana ndi pulani ya 5 x 3 metres, 35 c / ha imasonkhanitsidwa chaka chilichonse. Malinga ndi State Record, nthawi yakucha ndiyachiyero, ndipo malinga ndi All-Russian Institute of kilimoolimo, mochedwa (Seputembala). Poyerekeza ndi ndemanga, wamaluwa amakonda kutengera zamakono.
Zosiyanasiyana ndizodzilimbitsa, pollinators amafunika. Zabwino kwambiri ndi mitundu ya chitumbuwa Vitamu ndi Vitukula wamtchire. Kukula pambuyo pake - kumapeto kwa Epulo - koyambirira kwa Meyi.
Zipatso ndizoponda mozungulira ndi kulemera kwa magalamu 22-23. Mtundu wakhungu ndi wachikaso, mtundu womwewo ndi wamafuta, thupi lathupi. Kununkhirako ndikosangalatsa, kokoma kapena wowawasa-wokoma. Kuyesa kulawa - mfundo za 4.2 (malinga ndi VNIISPK - mfundo 4). Fupa ndi laling'ono, lophatikizidwa ndi mnofu. Zolinga zosiyanasiyana zakumwamba. Moyo wa alumali ndi wabwino - m'chipinda chozizira zipatsozo zimasungidwa mpaka milungu itatu.
Yellow chitumbuwa maula zipatso
Cherry maula amafikira
Kubzala Cherula maula kupezeka kwa woyambitsa munda woyamba. Choyambirira kuchita ndikusankha malo abwino mtengo wamtsogolo. Cherry plum Mara ndi mbewu yolimba yozizira, koma sakonda mphepo yozizira yakumpoto. M'malo okhala ndi pafupi ndi nthaka kapena dambo, mtengowo sukulanso. Alycha amafuna dzuwa, mpweya wabwino, koma osakonzekera. Kutengera zofunikira izi, titha kufotokozera mwachidule - chitumbuwa chautchire chimakula bwino kum'mwera kapena kumwera chakumadzulo ndi malo apansi pamadzi. Ndikofunikira kwambiri kukhala ndi chitetezo cham'mphepete mwa khoma la kapangidwe kake, mpanda kapena mitengo yayikulu kuchokera kumpoto kapena kumpoto chakummawa. Nthaka imafunikira kumasulidwa ndikusaloledwa kapena asidi pang'ono.
Cheramu maula ayenera kubzala kumayambiriro kasupe pomwe kuphukira kwamphamvu kumayambika ndipo mbewu sizinasiyidwe. Mbande yokhala ndi mizu yotsekedwa ingabzalidwe nthawi iliyonse - kuyambira Epulo mpaka Okutobala.
Malangizo a pang'onopang'ono pokonzekera chitumbuwa
Cherum maula ayenera kuthandizidwa moyenera. Muyenera kutsogozedwa ndi malamulo awa:
- Yambani ndikupeza mmera. Osamachita izi m'misika ya ogulitsa osadziwika - kugula kwa mmera ku nazale kukupulumutsani pazovuta zosasangalatsa. Mbande yokhala ndi mizu yotseguka imakololedwa mu kugwa, chifukwa ndi nthawi ino kuti pali kusankha kwakukulu. Amakonda mbewu zakubadwa chimodzi kapena ziwiri - zimamera bwino, zimakula mwachangu ndikupanga zipatso. Mizu ya mmera imayenera kukhazikitsidwa bwino, mizu yake ndi yokumbika, yopanda zitsamba ndi zophuka. Ngati masamba atsalira pamalowo, amawadula.
Cherry plum mbande ayenera kukhala ndi mizu yolimba.
- Mpaka masika, mbande zimakumbidwa m'mundamo, mutayika mizu mu phala lofanana la dongo ndi mullein. Ikani mtengowo dzenje. Iyenera kukhala yopupulika, yakuya masentimita 30 mpaka 40. Mizu yake imakutidwa ndi mchenga, kuthiriridwa, kenako pansi ndikuphimbidwa ndi kachigawo kakang'ono. Ngati mmera wasungidwa m'chipinda chapansi, muyenera kuwonetsetsa kutentha kwa 0 mpaka +5 ° C.
Mpaka masika, mmera umasungidwa m'mundamo.
- Konzani dzenje mwakutsatira:
- Amakumba dzenje 80x80x80. Nthawi yomweyo, kumtunda kwa dothi kumayikidwa pambali (ngati chonde ndikulemera mu humus).
- Pa dothi lolemera, ngalande zotalika masentimita 10-15 ziyenera kuyikidwa pansi pa dzenje.
- Dzenje limadzaza ndi mchere wosakanikirana wa chernozem, mchenga, humus ndi peat, wotengedwa wofanana. Malita atatu a phulusa la nkhuni ndi magalamu 300-400 a superphosphate amawonjezeredwa. Olimbikitsidwa ndi pitchfork kapena fosholo.
- Pogona mpaka kasupe wokhala ndi zenera kapena filimu kuti mupewe kuwononga michere.
- Chapakatikati, mtengo umabzalidwa motere:
- Yenderani mmera. Ngati mizu yowuma kapena youma yapezeka, dulani ndi secateurs.
- Mizu imayikidwa m'madzi ndikuphatikizidwa ndi zolimbikitsira mapangidwe a mizu, mwachitsanzo, Kornevin, Heteroauxin, Epin, etc.
- Pambuyo pa maola awiri ndi atatu, chimunda chaching'ono chimapangidwa mu dzenje, pamwamba pomwe mmera umayikidwa. Mizu yake ndi yowongoka bwino.
Mdzenje wokonzedwa kuti mulungike, chimangirizo chimakhala ndikuyika ndipo mizu yake imawongoka bwino
- Dzazani dzenje ndi dothi. Chosanjikiza chilichonse chimapangidwa, kusamalira kuti chisawononge mizu.
Mukadzaza dzenje, sinthani mosamala chilichonse
- Ndikofunikira kuti khosi la mizu mutatha kubwezeretsa ndikuthilira kuli pamlingo wa dothi. Kuti muchite izi, poyambirira imayikidwa pamwamba pamtunda - imakhazikika ndipo khosi limakhala pamalo okwera.
- Zikhala bwino ngati mmera umamangiriridwa ndi msomali wosakhomedwa kale - choncho umatha kupirira mphepo.
- Pogwiritsa ntchito chodulira kapena ndege, bwalo loyandikira limapangidwa pafupi ndi dzenjelo.
- Thirirani dothi ndi madzi ambiri - izi zimapereka chophimba bwino cha mizu ndikuchotsa mpweya mabodza.
Thirirani dothi ndi madzi ambiri - izi zimapereka chophimba bwino cha mizu ndikuchotsa mpweya mabodza
- Tsiku lotsatira, bwalo loyandikira-tsinde liyenera kumasulidwa ndikuilowetsedwa ndi udzu, humus, mankhusu a mpendadzuwa, ndi zina zambiri.
- Nthawi yomweyo muyenera kupanga korona wa mtengo wamtsogolo. Kuti izi zitheke, mmera umadula mpaka 60-80 cm, ndipo nthambi (ngati zilipo) zimafupikitsidwa ndi 30-40%.
Maonekedwe a kulima ndi zochenjera za chisamaliro
Kusamalira ma Cherry ma plamu kumakhala ndi zochitika zaulimi wamba.
Kuthirira ndi kudyetsa
Inde, mtengo uliwonse umafunikira kuthiriridwa ndikuthiridwa. Ili si vuto. Kumbukirani malamulowa mwachidule:
- Cherry plum kuthirira nthawi pafupifupi kamodzi pamwezi. Mitengo yaying'ono ingafunikire kuthiriridwa nthawi zambiri. Koma wina sayenera kukonza "dambo" mozungulira-tsinde - chitumbuwa sichikonda izi.
- Mukathirira, muyenera kuwongoleredwa ndi lamulo - nthaka iyenera kukhala yothira ndi masentimita 25-30.
- Nthaka ikauma - imamasulidwa ndikukhazikika.
- M'chaka chachitatu mutabzala, amayamba kudyetsa.
Gome: Mitundu ya mavalidwe apamwamba a chitumbuwa ndi nthawi ya kugwiritsa ntchito
| Feteleza | Mukapanga | Zambiri komanso zochuluka motani |
| Zamoyo | ||
| Humus, kompositi, peat | Pafupifupi zaka 2-3, nthawi yophukira kapena masika | Tsekani nthaka m'nthaka pafupifupi 5 kg / m2 |
| Zamadzimadzi | Pachaka, m'zaka khumi za Meyi, ndiye kawiri kawiri sabata iliyonse | Kukonzekera kulowetsedwa kale m'malita khumi amadzi amodzi mwazinthuzi:
Kuumirira sabata limodzi, kenako kuchepetsedwa ndi madzi muyezo wa 1 mpaka 10 ndikuthirira |
| Zachuma | ||
| Zokhala ndi nayitrogeni | Pachaka | Kwa kukumba, 20-30 g / m2 |
| Potaziyamu | Pachaka, kumapeto kwa masika | Kusungunuka m'madzi ndikuthirira pa 10-20 g / m2 |
| Phosphorous | Pachaka | Kwa kukumba, 20-30 g / m2 |
| Feteleza zovuta | Malinga ndi malangizo omwe aphatikizidwa | |
Kudulira
Kudulira kumathandizira kuti mtengowo ukhale wathanzi, kumathandizira kuti pakhale zipatso zambiri komanso moyo wautali. Kupanga kofunikira kwambiri komanso kuwongolera.
Mapangidwe a Korona
Korona wamitengo wopangidwa moyenerera imakupatsani mwayi wokolola zochuluka. Mukakulitsa zipatso za chitumbuwa, ma sparse-tier ndi kapangidwe kooneka ngati kapu ndizofala. Zotsirizirazi ndizabwino koposa. Amapereka mpweya wabwino komanso kuwunikira korona, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zipse mwachangu zipatso komanso kuchuluka kwa shuga. Pali mitundu yosavuta komanso yabwino ya "mbale". Amasiyana chifukwa m'nthawi yoyamba nthambi zachigoba zimamera kuchokera pakulimba yomweyo, ndipo yachiwiri zimakhala ndi masentimita 15 mpaka 20. Pazinthu zambiri zokhala ndi zokolola zambiri zimakonda kukhala ngati "mbale".
Malangizo a pang'onopang'ono opangira korona:
- Gawo loyamba ndikudulira mmera mukadzala. Ngati izi sizinachitike - kudula kumapeto kwa chaka chamawa.
- Gawo lachiwiri ndikusankha masamba anayi opindulitsa pa thunthu pansi pa malo odulawo ndi gawo la masentimita 10-15. Ayenera kukhala ochulukirapo.
- Masamba onse omwe ndi otsika kuposa omwe asankhidwa ayenera kuchititsidwa khungu, ndipo nthambi (ngati zilipo) zimadula "mphete".
- M'zaka zachiwiri ndi zachitatu, mphukira za 1-2 za lachiwiri zimapangidwa pa nthambi iliyonse yamatumbo pamtunda wa 50-60 cm kuchokera kwa wina ndi mzake. Ayenera kufupikitsidwa ndi 30-40%, ena onse ayenera kuchotsedwa.
- Mu zaka zotsatila, thandizani kutalika kwa nthambi kuti imodzi isatengeke kupita kutsogolo. Kupanda kutero, nthambi yotere imatha kutenga gawo la wochititsa wapakati, ndipo kukhalapo kwake ndi mapangidwe otere sikuyenera kutero.
Korona wopangika ngati mbale amawunika bwino komanso kupumira
Sinthani zokolola
Zosafunikira kuposa kupanga. Makamaka "korona" korona, momwe mphukira zambiri zimapangidwa mkati mwa korona. Kuti asakuze korona mopitilira muyeso - chiwerengero chawo chimayendetsedwa. Chaka chilichonse mchaka, mphukira zimadulidwa koyambirira komanso kukula, kukulira mkati ndi korona. Magawo onse amachitika ndi njira ya "mphete".
Kanema: kuyang'anira kudulira maula
Thandizani Maza
Izi ndiye zomwe amati kuthamangitsa. Chezani kumayambiriro kwa chilimwe, pomwe mphukira zazing'ono zikubwera. Amafupikitsidwa ndi masentimita 10-12. Ntchito ngati imeneyi imakwiyitsa kuphukira kwa mphukira ndikupanga masamba owonjezera omwe adzakolole chaka chamawa.
Kudulira mwaukhondo
Odziwika kwambiri komanso osavuta. Amakhala ndi kuchotsedwa kwa nthambi zowuma ndi matenda. Amawononga kumapeto kwa nthawi yophukira ndipo ngati kuli kotheka, kumayambiriro kwamasika.
Zopanda zonse, kupatula ndalama, ziyenera kuchitika pokhapokha ngati pali zotuluka zokha. Izi kupewa kupewa gumming.
Matenda ndi Tizilombo
Cheramu maula ndi maula zimakhala ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda komanso tizirombo. Kukana kwambiri kwa chitumbuwa cha plum Mara ku matenda a mafangasi ndi tizirombo kuyenera kuphatikizidwa ndi ukhondo nthawi zonse komanso njira zopewera.
Gome: njira zochotsera chitumbuwa matenda ndi tizirombo
| Zochitika | Mukamawononga | Kodi |
| Kukonza dimba la masamba okugwa | Okutobala | Wotemani nthambi ndi masamba. Phulusa lomwe limayikidwa limasungidwa kuti ligwiritsidwe ntchito ngati feteleza. |
| Kudulira mwaukhondo | Novembala, Marichi | |
| Mitengo yoyera komanso yoyera nthambi | Ogasiti - Novembala | Ikani yankho la mandimu oterera ndi kuphatikiza 1% yamkuwa sulfate kapena utoto wapadera wa m'munda |
| Kutseka kwambiri mitengo ikuluikulu ya mitengo | Ogasiti - Novembala | Kukumba dothi pafupi-tsinde mozungulira ndi zigawo zotembenuka |
| Ku kukonza korona ndi nthaka ndi mkuwa sulfate | Novembala, Marichi | Gwiritsani ntchito 3% yankho la mkuwa sulphate kapena 5% yankho la ayironi sodium |
| Kukhazikitsa kwa malamba osaka | Marichi | Mikanda yosaka imapangidwa ndimtundu wakuda, kumayamwa ndikumverera, etc. |
| Chithandizo cha mankhwala amphamvu padziko lonse | Kuyenda koyambirira | Kamodzi pazaka zitatu zilizonse gwiritsani ntchito DNOC, muzaka zina - Nitrafen |
| Njira yantchito yofanizira ya fungic | Maluwa atagwa, ndiye pakatha masabata awiri ndi atatu | Gwiritsani ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo osakhalitsa:
|
Matenda a plum
Ndikofunika kudziwa bwino zomwe zimayambitsa matenda.
Polystigmosis kapena tsamba ofiira
Matenda oyamba ndi mafangasi, owoneka ndi mawonekedwe ofiira mawanga. Posakhalitsa masamba amagwa. Zipatso pamtengo wodwala sizisintha. Monga lamulo, izi sizichitika ndi kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa nthawi zonse ndi fungicides m'chigawo choyamba cha nyengo yokukula.
Polystigmosis imayamba ndi kuwoneka kwa mawanga ofiira pamasamba a maula a chitumbuwa.
Matendawa kapena matenda a chingamu
Zikuwoneka pakuwonongeka kwa khungwa. Itha kuchotsedwa ndikutsuka mabala ku matanda athanzi, ndikutsatira kupha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda 1% yankho lamkuwa la sulfate ndikuphatikizira ndi wosanjikiza wa varnish yamunda.
Ndi gummosis, kuchuluka kwakukulu kwa chingamu kumamasulidwa
Milky kuwala
Matenda owopsa, otchulidwa choncho chifukwa cha chizindikiro chakudziwika. Masamba amakhala opepuka, osalala. Ndipo izi zikuwonetsa kale kuti bowa wafalikira mkati mwa nkhuni, ukukhudza nthambi kuchokera mkati. Mukadula, mutha kuona kuti nkhuni zikuchita khungu. Mphukira zomwe zakhudzidwa ziyenera kudulidwa "mu mphete", ngati mtengo wonse uli ndi kachilombo, muyenera kuyankhula nawo.
Masamba opepuka ndi chizindikiro choyamba cha matenda
Tizilombo ting'onoting'ono
Tizilombo timakonda kulimbana ndi maula thukuta, makamaka mukanyalanyaza njira zopewera.
Ndondomeko yaula
Mphutsi zamatamba amodzi zimachokera ku mazira omwe gulugufe limayala pamene chitumbutso cha maula chimacha. Idyani zipatso zamkati. Tinthu tating'onoting'ono ta chingamu titha kuwoneka pamwamba pa mwana wosabadwayo. Pamene mphutsi zili kale mkati mwa zipatsozi, zimachedwa kwambiri kuti timenyane. Koma mutha kupewa kufalikira kwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndi kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa, mwachitsanzo, Fufanon, Spark, Spark-Bio, etc.
Maula a Plum samanyalanyaza chitumbuwa
Plum sawfly
Kachilomboka kamaika mazira m'maluwa. Mphutsi zomwe zimatuluka kuchokera kwa iwo zimatha kuphukira mkati, ndiye kuti zimatha kusunthira kumaluwa osalankhulidwa. Kuphatikiza apo, mphutsi zimadyera m'mimba mwake ndi zipatso. Chotsani vutoli pogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ophera tizilombo nthawi zonse.
Mphutsi ya plum sawudya zipatso za maula kuchokera mkati
Bunny
Mosiyana ndi omwe adakumana nawo kale, izi ndi zolakwika. Koma limagwirira ndi chimodzimodzi. Amayikira mazira, pomwe pamatuluka mphutsi, ndikukwera mumafupa. Pakatikati amadyedwa - chifukwa, zipatso zimagwa asanakhwime. Chithandizo cha mankhwala atizilombo titha kuthandizira pogwiritsa ntchito kafadala. Amagwiritsanso ntchito misampha ya pheromone.
Popeza mwaona masamba a kachilomboka, kodi muyenera kukonza korona ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo
Ndemanga Zapamwamba
Masana abwino, ndani amene akukula Alycha Mara kundiuza za chithunzi chake, kukoma kwake, chisanu, kodi ndibwino kuti abzale munyumba yake?
zabwino kwambiri zabwino. Zokolola zamtchire. Yambani ndi chithunzi. "Madimba a Mordovia" atabedwa ndikuyika chithunzi changa pansi pa chikwangwani. Pamenepo, pa nthambi lama 70cm, makilogalamu 8 zipatso adayikidwapo. Anamangirira nthambiyo munthawi yake, koma mwamphamvu kunaphwanya mataya onse. Chinyengo ndichakuti chithunzicho chinali chowazungulira madigiri 90. Zinapezeka kuti screed, kuphulika, kumangokhala yopingasa ... Zipatsozo zimakhala ndi khungu lowonda. Mosiyana ndi mitundu ina yonse, sizingagwa mvula yamvula. Chimadzuka mochedwa, pamene ma plum ena ambiri amapuma kale kuti apumule. Nthawi yomweyo, cherry plum Soneika (mwana wake wamkazi) amakula. Chachikulu, koma chochepa. Ngati Mara m. mpaka 25-30, kenako Sonya mpaka 35-40g. Ndi ukalamba wathunthu, zabwino kwambiri. owutsa mudyo. Kukoma kwa mphesa. Fupa, mwatsoka, sililekanitsa.
toliam1, St. Petersburg
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Maganizo pa chitumbuwa chambiri chamtundu wamtundu wamtundu wamtambo zimasungunuka ndi maapozi okongoletsera okometsera?
Mwatsopano mu kukoma poyerekeza ndi ena, msuzi ndiwowona. Kuyambira chikasu ndiye Golide Wosangalatsa Kwambiri. Zonse ndi za kukoma kwanga, Mphatso ya St.
plash, Moscow
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Kudalirika kwa Mariya ndikosangalatsa - chaka chilichonse ndi zipatso ngakhale nyengo ilibe chidwi. Ndipo kulawa, mitundu yambiri yamadzi amchere imaposa iyo. Koma timadya mosangalatsa, kukoma kwake ndi mphesa kwambiri, ndipo kwamkaka kwambiri. Skoroplodnaya, kachiwiri, ndi yabwino pankhani yodalirika. Chosangalatsa kuposa Mara, khala bwino, ndipo kucha kucha.Koma sindimakonda kuti zipatso zimakhetsedwa kwambiri pakucha. Ndipo mukuyembekezeranji kuti vaccinic vaccinations osati kale kuposa 2010? Ngakhale mbande za zaka 2 za Mary ndi Skoroplodnaya zikutuluka kale. Ndipo ngati vaccinations adachitidwa mu korona, ndiye kuti chilimwe chotsatira chizikhala zipatso zoyambirira.
Chamomile13, Mordovia
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Alycha Mara - chisankho chabwino kwa olima m'misewu ya Middle. Kukula msanga, kuchulukitsidwa kwambiri, kukoma kwa zipatso ndi kusachita bwino ndi zinthu zosakwanira zosiyanasiyana izi. Zolakwika zazing'ono sizimasokoneza ndikulimbikitsa molimba mtima izi kuti zilimidwe.
