Sizodabwitsa kuti Cherry Orchard wakhala chimodzi mwazithunzi komanso zochititsa chidwi kwambiri m'mabuku a Russia. Chikhalidwe ichi chimadziwika kwa aliyense. Tili mwana, tonse tinkanyamula mafuta odzadza ndi mtsuko, ndipo patebulo lathu la tchuthi nthawi zonse pamakhala malo osungirako zinthu zopanda pake. Ndikosatheka kulingalira m'munda wopanda chikhalidwe choterechi. Pachifukwachi, mpaka pano, obereketsa abereka mitundu yambiri yamatcheri. Ndipo lero tikambirana za Robin - mtundu wakale wa wamba wamtchire ku USSR.
Kufotokozera kosiyanasiyana Robin
Kubala ndi kuyesa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya Malinovka koyamba kunayamba ku VSTISP mu 1978, ndipo anaphatikizidwa ndi State Record of Zosiyanasiyana mu 1989 ku Central, Middle Volga (Samara Region, Republic of Mordovia) ndi Ural (Republic of Bashkortostan).
Masamba a rasipiberi ndi mtengo wautali pakati mamita 3-4. Crohn ya kachulukidwe kachulukidwe, kozungulira. Masamba owala bwino ndi m'mphepete.
Zipatsozo ndizaphikidwe, zofiira kwambiri, zowoneka bwino, zazitali, mpaka zaka 3-4. Mbewuzo ndizazikulu, koma zimasiyanitsidwa mosavuta ndi zamkati, zomwe zimakhala ndi kukoma kosangalatsa, kokoma komanso wowawasa. Nthawi yakucha ndiyapakatikati; igwera kumapeto kwa Julayi - kumayambiriro kwa Ogasiti. Zipatso zimapangidwa kokha panthambi za pachaka. Robin akuyamba kubala zipatso ali ndi zaka 3-5.
Robin ndiukadaulo wosiyanasiyana, koma sizitanthauza kuti amangokulitsidwa mu mahekitala okha ndipo amakolola m'matani pochita mafakitale. Udindo waukadaulo umatanthawuza kuti zipatso za chitumbuwazi ndizabwino kupanga ma compotes, kusunga, kupanikizana, kupanikizana.
Zabwino kwa zipatso zopondera ndi kupanikizana
Choyipa chachikulu cha mitunduyo ndi kudzithandiza chonde. Izi zikutanthauza kuti kutali ndi Robin ndikofunikira kubzala zipatso zamtundu wina uliwonse kuti muchira mungu. Pokhapokha ngati zipatsozi zomwe zimayembekezeredwa kwa nthawi yayitali zizionekera m'malo mwa maluwa. Opukutira abwino kwambiri amitundu ya Robin: Vladimirskaya, Lyubskaya ndi Shubinka.
Kudzala (kapena kudzilimbitsa) ndizofala pakati pa mitundu ya mabanja apulosi. Phula, ma cherries, mapeyala ndi mitengo ya maapulo nthawi zambiri amazichita. Ngati mungu wa mitundu imodzimodziyo ubwera pamitengo yamtunduwu, umuna suchitika ndipo zipatsozo siziyenera kuyembekezeredwa. Izi ndizofala kwambiri mwakuti ngati mawonekedwe a mitundu yosiyanasiyana samawonetsedwa kuti ndiwokha, ndiye kuti akhoza kukhala kuti ndi osabereka.
Zosiyanasiyana zimathanso kuzizira kwambiri pansipa -25 madigiri, ngakhale maluwa ena amasungunukanso kutentha kwambiri, koma izi sizibweretsa mbewuzo.
Kukaniza matenda ndikosiyana: cococycosis - pansipa average, to moniliosis - ofooka.
Kubzala mitundu yamatchuthi a robin
Nthawi yabwino kubzala yamatcheri ndi masika. Koma ndibwino kugula sapling mu kugwa ndikukumba m'deralo, ndikuiphimba ndi nthambi za zipatso zamaluwa m'nyengo yachisanu. Njira yabwino yodzala zipatso zamatcheri ndi mbeu ya zaka ziwiri 60 cm.
Musanayambe ntchito yodzala, ndikofunikira kudziwa malo oyenera kwamatcheri. Pewani madera onyowa, okhala ndi chinyezi; Madzi ozungulira pansi sayenera kukhala pafupi ndi pansi, ndipo kuya kwa chisanu m'nyengo yozizira sikuyenera kupitirira mita imodzi. Ngati tsamba lanu lili ndi nthaka acidy, liyenera kupangidwa. Kuti muchite izi, kuwaza 0,5 makilogalamu a mandimu pamalo a 1 lalikulu. m. ndi kukumba pa bayonet ya fosholo. M'malo mwa laimu, ufa wa dolomite ungagwiritsidwenso ntchito. Ndikofunika kwambiri kuyatsa dothi musanagwiritse feteleza wachilengedwe. Ndikofunika kuchita ma liming mu kugwa - mu Okutobala, ndikuwonjezera organic kasupe - mu Epulo. Komanso pokonzekera nthawi yopanga feteleza wachilengedwe. Manyowa kapena kompositi amawonjezedwa pamlingo wa 8-10 makilogalamu pa 1 sq.m. ndikumbe mpaka pakuya kwa bayonet.
Cherry mbande ingathenso "kudzutsidwa" mwakuwakhomera mu njira yothamangitsira mizu, mwachitsanzo, mu "Kornevin". Mankhwalawa amadziwitsidwa pamlingo wa supuni 1 pa madzi okwanira 1 litre. Mizu yodzala zinthu imayikidwa mu njira yotere kwa maola 12 mpaka 15 musanabzala. Njira yosavuta ngati imeneyi imachulukitsa mbewu.
Tsopano nthawi yakukonza maenje akufikira. Mtunda pakati pa mbande uzikhala pafupifupi mita atatu. Musaiwale kuti Robin amafunikira kupukutidwa. Kuti izi zitheke, ndikofunikira kubzala mitengo yamatcheri angapo nthawi imodzi. Zoyenera, mitundu inayi ibzalidwe nthawi yomweyo. Mtundu wa kutalika: 2.5 x 3 m.
- Timakumba bowo lozama masentimita 80 ndi kuya kwa 50-60 masentimita. Timaika pambali pamwamba pa dothi payokha, liyenera kuphatikizidwa ndi organic, feteleza wamaminolo ndi phulusa.
- Pakatikati pa dzenje, tikhoma msomali pafupifupi 80 cm pamtunda.
- Timayamba kudzaza dothi losakanikirana, lomwe lidzagona pansi ndi chulucho, pomwe ndiloyenera kuyika ndikufalitsa mizu ya mmera. Kumbukirani kusesa dothi. Ndikofunikira kwambiri kuti khosi mizu ikhale pamlingo wa dothi kapena masentimita angapo kutalika. Cherry salekerera kuzama kwambiri.
- Mukamawonjezera dothi, gwiritsani thunthu la mwana wamtchire woongoka.
- Timatulira Robin yemwe wangobadwa kumene ndi chidebe cha madzi (pafupifupi malita 10) ndikumangirira msomali.
- Mulch ozungulira mulch peat.
Kanema: Malamulo obzala zipatso
Kusamalira yamatchu a mitundu ya Robin
Asanakhale zipatso zoyambirira, kusamalira yamatcheri ndikosavuta. Ngati munabzala mmera nthawi yobzala, ndiye kuti feteleza safunikanso. Chachikulu ndichakuti musaiwale kuchotsa maudzu, kuthirira madzi mu nthawi yotentha ndipo nthawi zina kumasula dothi. Mu Seputembara, kukumba dothi mozungulira, koma osapitirira 10 cm, mizu yamatcheri ili pafupi ndi tsambalo. Osasiya zinyalala pansi pa mtengo nthawi yozizira, awa ndi malo abwino achitukuko cha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, kuphatikizapo tizilombo toyambitsa matenda a cococycosis.
Pamene chitumbuwacho chikuyamba kuphuka ndi kubala zipatso, kuisamalira kumakhala kovuta kwambiri.
- Nyengo yotentha, munthawi ya kukula kwamasamba, maluwa kapena zipatso, yamatcheri amafunika chinyezi chambiri, kotero kuthirirani ndi ndowa zitatu zamadzi. Kutsirira kobwezeretsa madzi komaliza kumachitika mu yophukira kumapeto kwa Seputembala nyengo yadzuwa. Pansi pa chitumbuwa muyenera kutsanulira ndowa khumi.
- Manyowa ndi feteleza wama mineral ndi organic osachepera katatu pachaka. Manyowa kachitatu mu kugwa mukakumba.
- Nyambitsirani dothi mtunda wa 1.5 m kuchokera thunthu kamodzi pazaka zisanu. Izi zikuthandizira kukhetsa thumba losunga mazira.
- Musaiwale kuti mulch nthaka chaka chilichonse chisanu akusungunuka ndi utuchi, peat, singano kapena spanbond.
- Chapakatikati kapena kugwa, kudulira, kuchotsa zowonjezera, zodwala ndi mphukira zosweka.
Mavalidwe apamwamba a Cherry
Nthawi yoyamba tikulimbikitsidwa kudyetsa chitumbuwa mu kasupe nthawi yamaluwa ndi michere ndi michere yachilengedwe. Kukwaniritsa chomera kufunika kwa nayitrogeni ndi urea kapena ammonium nitrate. Urea kapena nitrate imadzipaka muyezo wa 20-30 g pa 10 malita a madzi. Ndalama za tchire limodzi ndi zidebe ziwiri. Feteleza imalowetsedwa mozungulira.
Manyowa ndiye feteleza wotchuka kwambiri. Zimayambitsidwanso mzere wa thunthu pamlingo wa 4-5 makilogalamu pa lalikulu limodzi. m Gwiritsani manyowa owola okha. Zotsatira za manyowa atsopano mukamagwiritsa ntchito masika zitha kuwonekera pokhapokha theka ladzuwa.
Pakatikati, zitosi za nkhuku zimatha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito ngati chamoyo. Zinyalala zimaphatikizidwa ndi madzi pamlingo wa 1:15. Kugwiritsa ntchito yankho la theka chidebe pa lalikulu. M. Samalani: kwambiri njira yothetsera nkhuku kuvulaza mizu yamatcheri.
Pakupanga zipatso, Robin adzafunikiranso nitrojeni ndi kachigawo kakang'ono ka zinthu zachilengedwe.
Kuvala pamwamba kwambiri kumafunikira makamaka kuti kubwezeretsanso kupezeka kwa zinthu m'nthaka. Feteleza wotchuka kwambiri panthawiyi ndi phulusa wamba lamatabwa lomwe lili ndi kuchuluka kwa potaziyamu ndi phosphorous. Phulusa limapangidwa pamlingo wa 1 kg pa 1 sq. m phulusa yabalidwa panthaka, kenako kukumba.
Kanema: momwe mungadulire chitumbuwa
Matenda ndi tizirombo Robins ndi zothetsera
Matenda ambiri a Robins ndi fungal mwachilengedwe. Zofala kwambiri zaiwo zimaperekedwa patebulo.
Gome: Matenda Ovuta Kukulitsa Maloboti
| Matendawa | Pathogen | Zizindikiro | Kupewa komanso chithandizo |
| Coccomycosis | Fungus Coccomyces hiemalis | Mawanga ofiira akuda pamasamba, amasintha mtundu kukhala bulauni. Zovala zofiirira zofiirira zakumaso kwa tsamba. Koyamba kwa June masamba amagwa ndi matenda masamba amayambitsa zopinga zamatcheri. Chomera chimakhala chofooka kwambiri kotero kuti chilibe mphamvu yokwanira nthawi yozizira, ndipo chimazizira. | Pewani malo onyowa mukabzala yamatcheri. Chotsani masamba omwe adagwa mu kugwa. Mosamala gwiritsani ntchito mtengowo ndi yankho la urea musanayambitse tsamba kugwa ndi fungicides pambuyo. Mankhwala, gwiritsani ntchito 3% yankho la Bordeaux fluid kumapeto, kumapeto kwa maluwa Topsin-M, Oksikhom, Ordan, mutatha kuphukira ndi mkuwa oxychloride. |
| Moniliosis | Mafangayi a Monillia | Maonekedwe a mtengo "wowotchedwa". Masamba amazilala. Mabulosi amayenda ndikugwa. Makungwa adakutidwa ndimaso amaso. Imfa ya nthambi zing'onozing'ono zoyambirira, kenako mtengo wonse. | Chithandizo ndi tingachipeze powerenga fungicidal kukonzekera kugwa masamba atagwa komanso mu nthawi ya kuphukira kusanachitike: mkuwa wa sulfate ndi 1% yankho la Bordeaux. Kuchiza kumakhala kudulira mwachangu nthambi zodwala, ndikuwotcha pamalo. Komanso, mtengowu umathandizidwa ndi kukonzekera kwa fungicidal (Skor, Oleuprit, Kaptan, Kuprozan) mutangotula komanso pambuyo masiku khumi. |
| Kleasterosporiosis | Bangi wa Clasterosporium | Masamba ndi zipatso za chitumbuwa zimakutidwa ndi timiyala tating'ono tofiirira. Thupi pansi pa mawanga limaleka kukula. Zipatso zimakhala ndi mawonekedwe oyipa komanso kutha. Ndi matenda oopsa a matendawa, mawanga am'mimbamo amakutidwa ndi mawanga, zomwe zimapangitsa cadmetiography. | Popewa, gwiritsani miyala yamatcheri ndi 5% yankho la mkuwa wa sulfate mu kasupe ndi yophukira. Chepetsa fungus lomwe limayambitsa matenda ndikuwotcha kunja kwa dimba. Musaiwale kukonza mabatani a nthambi zamaluwa. Kuchiza kumachitika ndi mankhwala omwewo monga coccomycosis. |
| Anthracnose | Fangayi wa anthracnose | Tsitsani ma tubercles pazipatso zomwe zimakula ndikuvunda pa zipatso. Ndi matenda ochulukirapo, matendawa amakusiyani wopanda mbewu. | Pazolinga zodzitetezera, gwiritsani ntchito kuyeretsa kwa mitengo ikuluikulu, chotsani masamba okugwa, kukuni pansi padziko mozungulira. Mankhwala, gwiritsani ntchito mankhwala Polyram. |
| Dzimbiri | Mafangayi a Thekopsora padi | Masamba a Cherry amasanduka dzimbiri. | Zomera zachuma ndiye mwiniwake wa bowa bowa, choncho pewani kuyandikira kwamatcheri kwa iwo. Pazolinga zodzitetezera, amawotcha zinyalala ndikuwaza mtengowo ndi mkuwa wamkuwa. Mankhwalawa ndi ofanana ndi a Moniliosis. |
Matenda Akulimbana ndi Maloboti
- Chofunika kwambiri ndichodabwitsa - zipatso
- Chizindikiro chowoneka - masamba opangidwa ndi mafuta
- Matenda owopsa a fungus
- Wotentha nkhuni
Zowopsa kwa Robin komanso majeremusi onse odziwika komanso masamba.
Cherry aphid
Tizilombo ting'onoting'ono ta m'munda wamaluwa simadutsa chidwi chake ndi chitumbuwa
Pafupifupi moyandikana ndi nyerere majeremusi, akuyamwa mozama timadziti kuchokera masamba obiriwira a chitumbuwa. Njira yodziwika bwino yolimbana ndi nsabwe za m'masamba ndiyo kupopera mankhwala ena ndi sopo wosuta. Mutha kugulanso mankhwala ogwiritsira ntchito bwino kusitolo. Mwachitsanzo: Fufanon, Akarin, Actellik, Bankol.
Cherry Weevil
Izi tiziromboti angakusiyeni mosavuta popanda mbewu ya mabulosi.
Kudzuka mu kasupe, Weevils amayamba kuyamwa madzi mwachangu kuchokera ku masamba a yamatcheri. Koma kuwonongeka kwakukulu kwa mbewu zomwe zimayambitsa maluwa. Akazi amaikira mazira pamizere yatsopano yomata, kukukutira dzenje kufupa. Wamkazi mmodzi amaikira mazira opitilira zana. Pambuyo kuwaswa, mphutsi zimayamba kudya zamkati zam'mimba za mwana wosabadwayo. Kubwezeretsa kwachilengedwe m'munda kumapangitsa kuti zipatso zambiri zithe. Kuti muthane ndi weevil, kukuni dothi pafupi ndi thunthu, tsitsani mitengo ikuluikulu, ndikukutula maluwa omwe ali ndi kachilombo. Mwa mankhwala othana ndi njovu, Rovikurt ndi Actellik adatsimikizira bwino.
Ndemanga Zapamwamba
Cherry Robin ndiwopamwamba, ngati sanasakanizike ndi chilichonse ndipo ndili nacho, ndiye kuti zipatso ndi 5 point! Ndimalangiza aliyense, palibe amene angamupezeko, ndipo zaka 4 zapitazo ndidapita naye ku Timiryazevka.
Rx-driver
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Cherry Robin. Yambani kubala zipatso mwachangu, zonse zili bwino.
Vyachedlav
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Robin ndi wabwino kwambiri, wosagwira chisanu, wololera mitundu yambiri yamatcheri osankhidwa. Chokhacho chomwe chimabweza chokha, chomwe chimatha kutsegulidwa mosavuta ndikubzala mitundu ina yamatcheri pafupi naye.
