Timapanga peyala kuchokera kumatenda ndi tizirombo

Mukamasankha mmera wa peyala, mlimi aliyense amayembekeza zokolola zabwino. Ngakhale mutabzala zinthu zapamwamba kwambiri, tizirombo ndi matenda zimatha kukhala chopinga chachikulu kuti tipeze zipatso zokoma komanso zipatso. Kuti muwachotse, ndikofunikira kukonza mitengo yazipatso, kuyambira kumayambiriro kwa masika.

Momwe mungachitire ndi peyala kuchokera kumatenda

Peyala, pomwe imakula, imafunika njira zodzitetezera zolimbana ndi matenda ambiri. Ngati simulabadira zomwe zikuchitika pakadali pano, ndiye kuti mtengo suwonongeka kokha, komanso mbewu, yomwe ikhoza kutayika. Ganizirani matenda ofala kwambiri a peyala ndi njira zowongolera.

Dzimbiri

Dzimbiri pa peyala ndi imodzi mwamatenda oopsa, omwe amadziwoneka ngati malo ofiira kunja kwa tsamba ndikumera mkati. Zizindikiro zoyambirira za matendawa zimawonedwa mu Julayi. Dzimbiri limayambitsa masamba, kugwa kwa zipatso, ndikuchepetsa. Mitundu ya chikasu yobiriwira imapangika pa mphukira zomwe zakhudzidwa, zomwe zimalepheretsa kukula ndi chitukuko. Zotsatira zake, zimakhala zazifupi komanso zokulirapo, pambuyo pake zimatha. Ndi kuwonongeka kwapakati pa mphukira, kukula kwawo kungapitirire, koma patatha zaka zochepa, khungwa ndi kuwonongeka kwa nkhuni.

Dzimbiri pa peyala limawoneka ngati malo ofiira kunja kwa tsamba ndipo limakula mkati

Wothandizira wa matendawa ndi fungus ya pathogenic, pakukula komwe mbewu ziwiri ndizofunikira - mlombwa ndi peyala. Izi zikusonyeza kuti zikhalidwe zonse ziwiri zikuyenera kuthandizidwa. Pali njira zingapo zolimbana ndi matendawa:

1. Kubzala mitundu ya peyala yotsatirayi kuyenera kupewedwa: Bere Ardanpon, Zima Deccan, Cure, Clapp's Favorite, popeza atenga matenda omwe afotokozedwayu. Ndikofunikira kusankha mitundu yokhazikika: Chilimwe Williams, Skorospelka, Ilyinka, Bere Ligel, Vere Boek, Dekanka autumn.
2. Kusintha mtengo, muyenera kudula nthambi zomwe zikukhudzidwa, ndikuthandizira masentimita 5-10 kuchokera pamalo owonongeka. Mabala amatsukidwa kuti akhale matabwa athanzi ndikuwathandizira ndi 5% yankho la mkuwa sulphate, atatha kuyikamo var var. Pochiritsa mabala msanga musanayambe kugwiritsa ntchito var, gwiritsani ntchito mankhwala a Heteroauxin pothandizira 0,5 g ya chinthu mu 10 L yamadzi.
3. Kumayambiriro kwam'mawa, mtengowo umathandizidwa ndi 1% Bordeaux madzi kapena mkuwa wa chloride. Kachiwiri iwo atapopera mbewu kumayambiriro kwa maluwa, kachitatu kutulutsa maluwa, wachinayi - patatha milungu ina 1.5.
4. Kukonzekera kwa Bayleton kumachitika bwino ndi dzimbiri. Nyengo imagwiritsidwa ntchito pafupifupi nthawi 5-6, pomwe 10 g ya chinthucho imadzipereka mu malita 10 a madzi.
5. Mutha kukonzekera kulowetsedwa kwa phulusa (500 g pa 10 l kuti uumirire maola 48). Malita 10 a yankho amatsanuliridwa pansi pa mtengo wachikulire, malita 4-6 pansi pa mapeyala ang'onoang'ono.
6. Zotsatira zabwino zikuwonetsedwa ndikugwiritsa ntchito 0.4% colloidal sulfure. Chiwerengero cha mankhwalawa ndi osachepera asanu: asanaphuke, musanayambe maluwa, pambuyo pake, pomwe zipatso zimapangidwa ndipo masamba atagwa.

Kanema: Kulimbana ndi dzimbiri

Masamba akuda

Matenda komanso kusowa kwa michere kumatha kudetsa masamba masamba. Chimodzi mwazifukwa ndi kuwotcha kwa bakiteriya, komwe ndiko kudziunjikira kwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Matendawa amatha kufalikira kumitengo yathanzi ndi tizilombo komanso mbalame, mvula (mvula, chifunga). Kuphatikiza apo, masamba amatha kukhala akuda ndi zochuluka za organicinthu ndi nayitrogeni m'nthaka. Matendawa amawonekera motere:

• petals ya inflorescences kufota ndi kugwa, peduncle amatenga kuwala amber mtundu;
• Masamba amasanduka akhungu, koma osagwa;
• mphukira zakhudzidwa zimadetsedwa;
• pamene matendawa amalowa m'ming'alu yamkati, imawuma ndikupanga malo okufa.

Matenda amdima masamba a peyala amayamba chifukwa cha kutentha kwa bakiteriya kapena kusowa kwa michere

Mutha kuthana ndi kutentha kwa bakiteriya m'njira izi:

1. Matendawa atazindikira, ndikofunikira kudula mphukira zowonongeka pam mphete ndikuziwotcha. Gawo pankhaniyi amathandizidwa ndi yankho la 1% la sulfate yamkuwa kapena 0,7% sulfate. Poyamba, muyenera kuchepetsa 100 g ya zinthu 10 malita a madzi, wachiwiri - 70 g.
2. Matendawa akapezeka kuti akutuluka maluwa, m'mundawo amathandizidwa katatu kuposa masiku 4-5 omwe ali ndi maantibayotiki monga tetracycline kapena streptomycin (magawo 1 miliyoni pa malita 10 amadzi).
3. Mutha kuchiza mtengowo ndi 1% yankho la Bordeaux fluid. Kugwiritsa ntchito kukonzekera kokhala ndi mkuwa kumathandizanso (0.7-0.8%). Chithandizo chotere chimachitika panthawi yomwe imawoneka ma inflorescence, nthawi yamaluwa komanso itatha.

Kuphatikiza pa kuwotcha kwa bakiteriya, kusintha kwa tsamba la masamba kungayambike chifukwa chosowa kashiamu. Kuti mubwezere izi, calcium nitrate imawonjezeredwa pakadutsa chilichonse. Ngati mtengowo ulibe boron, masamba amathanso kukhala akuda, mphukira zazing'ono zimapindika, kukula kwa mmera kumachepetsedwa. Kudzaza kuchepa kwa michereyi kumathandiza kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa, komanso kuthirira ndi boric acid. Kuphatikiza apo, musaiwale za kuvala pafupipafupi ndi feteleza wovuta, komwe kumalimbitsa chitetezo cha peyala.

Ndi kuchepa kwa calcium, masamba a peyala amathanso kuda

Kulimbana ndi moss

Peyala yokutidwa ndi moss ndi lichen imachedwa kukula ndikukula bwino. Pang'onopang'ono, nthambi za mitengo yotere zimawuma ndikufa. Zomera zomwe zimamera pamphukira zimayimira malo abwino omwe zimakhala ndi tizirombo zovulaza. Njira zothandizira kulimbana ndi moss pamitengo zimachitika kumayambiriro kwa masika asanaphuke, nthawi zambiri mumwezi wa March komanso kumapeto kwa nthawi yophukira mukakolola (mu Novembala).

Masamba asanachitike, masamba omwe adagwa amachotsedwa ndikuwotcha popanda chifukwa.

Chimodzi mwazida zazikulu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pothana ndi mosses ndi lichens ndi 5% yankho la iron sulfate (50 g ya zinthu pa 10 l yamadzi). Madzi omalizidwa amathandizidwa ndi mitengo ikuluikulu ndi nthambi za mitengo. Pakatha sabata, mbewa ndi zonyansa zimayenera kugwa. Kuphatikiza apo, ndikofunikira kulima nthaka pansi pa mitengo.

Mitengo yazipatso yokutidwa ndi mbewa ndi mitengo yopanda zipatso imaphukira, nthambi pang'ono pang'ono zimafota ndikufa

Ngati njirayi ikadalipo pali nthambi zina za mtengo ndi ndere, ndimangochichotsa pamakina. Kuti muchite izi, ikani filimu ya pulasitiki kapena nsalu ya saizi yoyenera pansi pa peyala ndipo, pogwiritsa ntchito spatula yamatabwa kapena burashi yachitsulo, nthambi zakumaso ndi pamwamba pa thunthu. Zidutswa za moss zimasonkhanitsidwa ndikuwonongeka. Osagwiritsa ntchito zilembo zachitsulo pazolinga izi, chifukwa zimatha kuwononga makungwa.

Ndi mawonekedwe a moss pa peyala, muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa Scor: imagwiritsidwa ntchito molingana ndi malangizo kumayambiriro kwamasika. Mtengowo ukatsukidwa, pukuta mitengoyo ndi matope a laimu. Kuti muchite izi, 1.5-2 makilogalamu a laimu wosenda amadziwitsidwa mu malita 10 a madzi. Pochita checha, mutha kugwiritsanso ntchito mankhwala omwe anakonzedwa kale.

Kanema: momwe mungachotsere lichens ndi moss pamitengo yazipatso

Zipatso zowola

Matenda wamba a mapeyala ndi mbewu zina za pome zimaphatikizapo zowola zipatso kapena moniliosis, momwe zipatso zimakhudzidwira osati pamtengo, komanso panthawi yosungirako. Matendawa akuwoneka motere:

1. Choyamba, pamakhala zipatso zazing'ono zofiirira, zomwe zimafalikira mwachangu ndi kuphimba zipatso zonse. Zikho zimakhala zofiirira, zofewa ndipo zimawonongeka.
2. Pakatha sabata, malo omwe akukhudzidwawo amakutidwa ndi mapiritsi akulu achikasu oyera (2-3 mm) a sporulation a fungus.
3. Spores mawonekedwe pama pads, omwe amafalikira mumtengowo kudzera mumphepo yamvula, mvula ndi tizilombo.

Zipatso zowola zimakula mwachangu (+ 24-28 ° C) ndi nyengo yonyowa (75%), komanso m'mapiko okhuthala.

Pofuna kuthana ndi zowola za zipatso pa peyala, muyenera kutsatira malamulo aukadaulo waulimi ndi chisamaliro cha mbewu

Pofuna kupewa kuyambuka ndi chitukuko cha matendawa, ndikofunikira kutsatira malamulo aukadaulo waulimi ndi chisamaliro cha peyala. Zizindikiro zoyambirira za moniliosis zikapezeka, zipatso zowonongeka ziyenera kuchotsedwa pamtengo ndikuwonongeka. Mapeyala owola omwe agwa kuchokera kunthambi nawonso atha kuwonongeka.

Polimbana ndi matenda omwe akuwunikirawo, kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa mwezi umodzi musanakolole ndi yankho la ayodini (10 ml pa 10 malita a madzi) ndikubwereza njirayi pambuyo masiku atatu ndi othandiza. Pazifukwa zomwezo, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito Fitosporin. Pazizindikiro zoyambirira zowoneka ngati zowola, Zircon amathandizidwa. Ngati matendawa adawonedwa pamtengo nyengo yathayo, ndibwino kuti azichita kupopera mbewuzo mu April.

Ndikotheka kuthana ndi zowola za zipatso pogwiritsa ntchito njira zamafuta:

1. Kumayambiriro kwa kuphuka, amayamba kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa pogwiritsa ntchito madzi a Bordeaux pamlingo wa 400 g pa malita 10 amadzi, pagawo la kufutukula masamba, 1% yankho limagwiritsidwa ntchito.
2. Kachiwiri, mutamasulidwa maluwa, nawonso amathiridwa madzi ndi 1% Bordeaux madzi kapena fungicides ina.
3. Chithandizo chachitatu chikuchitika patatha masabata awiri itatha maluwa. Mukamagwiritsa ntchito mkuwa wa chloroxide ndi Bordeaux fluid, muyenera kufufuza ngati mankhwalawa amayambitsa kuwotcha masamba.

Mutha kuyambiranso njira zachikhalidwe:

1. 40 g wa citric acid ndi 25 g a sulfate amadziwitsidwa mu 10 l a madzi. Zotsatira zake zimapopera.
2. Kusakaniza kwa malita 10 a madzi, 6 makilogalamu a humus ndi 150 g ya sulfate yachitsulo zakonzedwa. Ndi khasu pansi pamitengo, poyambira timapangidwa ndikuthiriridwa ndi yankho lakonzedwa kale.

Kanema: kukonza mapeyala kuchokera ku zipatso zowola ndi nkhanambo

Scab

Nkhanambo ndi matenda am'madzi, omwe amabala mwachangu komanso nthawi yotentha, pomwe zipatso ndi masamba a mitengo amatenga kachilomboka. Mikhalidwe yabwino yofalitsira kwa spores ndi chinyezi komanso nyengo yotentha (pamwambapa + 20 ° C). Chizindikiro chachikulu cha kuyambika kwa matendawa ndikupanga mawonekedwe akuda a masamba. Ngati zinthu sizingatenge nthawi, fungusayo imafalikira mumtengowo (mphukira, maluwa ndi thunthu la thumba losunga mazira). Zipatso zikamapsa, khungu lawo limakhudzidwa ndi bowa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti malo owuma awoneke. Thupi pansi pawo limakhala lolimba komanso lozungulira.

Mutha kuthana ndi nkhanambo pa peyala mothandizidwa ndimankhwala angapo. Choyamba, ndi msanganizo wa Bordeaux. Omwe alimi amalonda agwiritsa ntchito njira izi:

• musanafike maluwa, utsi ndi 3% yankho kuti vuto lanu lingawononge kwambiri;
• mutatha maluwa, gwiritsani ntchito yankho la 1%.

Peyala ikadzabisidwa, mawanga owuma mumaso amapezeka pachimake cha zipatsozo, masamba amatakutidwa ndi madontho akuda

Pakati pa nyengo, zosagwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa 4 sizichitika. Muthanso kulimbana ndi matendawa ndi mankhwala Horus, omwe alibe mkuwa. Kuteteza mtengowo kuchokera ku nkhanambo, chithandizo chachiwiri cha 2 chimachitika: isanayambe kapena kutulutsa maluwa. Kumwaza kumachitika pang'onopang'ono masiku 10. Pambuyo pa njirayi, zotsatira zake zimapitilira kwa mwezi umodzi. Ngati kachilombo koyambitsidwa ndi fungus kwachitika kale, ndiye kuti chithandizo chamankhwala ndi njira yokhayo yotchinjirizira kumatendawa. Kuphatikiza pa ndalama zomwe zatchulidwa, mankhwalawa athandizanso kuthana ndi nkhanambo: Topsin M, Merpan, Traidex.

Momwe mungapangire peyala kuchokera ku tizirombo

Kuphatikiza pa matenda, peyala imadziwikanso ndi tizilombo toyipa, tomwe tiyenera kuwongolera munthawi yake.

Leaflet

Chimodzi mwazilombo zoyipa kwambiri za peyala, zomwe zimatha kuwononga pafupifupi masamba onse pamtengo m'nthawi yochepa, ndi tsamba. Vutoli silimayimilidwanso ndi munthu wamkulu (njenjete), koma ndi mbozi ya tizilombo yomwe imapinda masamba amambwe ndikuwadyera. Asanasamuke masamba, tizilombo timayambitsa masamba ndi masamba, ndikuzikongoletsa ndi tsamba.

Tsamba la peyala limawononga masamba, masamba ndi kudzipatula

Njira zopewera kuthana ndi tizilombo zimachitika kumayambiriro kwa nyengo yotentha, kuchotsa mbali zakufa za kotekisi ndikuchiza zimayambira ndi njira ya 2% ya Karbofos. Kupopera kwamankhwala koyambirira kumachitika. Mlengalenga uyenera kutentha mpaka + 10 + +, zomwe zimathandiza mphutsi kuthawa pansi pa khungwa. Kwa oyambirirawo, komanso kupopera mbewu ziwiri zotsatira (zisanafike maluwa), mankhwala monga Decis ndi Kinmix amagwiritsidwa ntchito. Asanakhale maluwa, njira zina zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito: Di-68, Atom, Rogor-S.

Kuphatikiza pa zolembedwa zophatikiza, munthawi yakukula ndi kucha, kukonza kungachitike ndi Kemifos, Iskra, Karbofos, Zitkor. Mu nthawi yophukira, kumapeto kwa tsamba, masamba onse pansi pa mtengo amafunikira kusakanizika, dothi la bwalo loyandikira limasulidwa ndikuthiridwa ndi Bordeaux madzi kapena mkuwa wa sulfate.

Medianitsa

Ngati masamba opindidwa anawonedwa pa peyala, ndiye kuti mtengowo umakhudzidwa ndi khosi la peyala - kachilombo kakang'ono kulumpha, komwe ndi kamodzi koyamba kuwuluka nyengo yachisanu itatha. Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timavulaza pang'onopang'ono, masamba, masamba, komanso zipatso ndi mapesi. Mtengo wa nthula ukuwukira ndikuvulaza mitengo ya peyala mpaka nthawi yophukira. Kupezeka kwa tizilombo titha kuweruzidwa ndi masamba akuda, komanso ndi mame okaka uchi omwe amaphimba zipatso ndi mphukira. Chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kotere, masamba ndi zipatso zimagwa msanga. Kuphatikiza apo, zipatso zimayamba kuchepa, mawonekedwe awo nthawi zonse amataika, ndipo mphukira umatha. Kusatetemera kwa mtengo kumachepa, kukula kumachepera, zipatso zimayima.

Peyala tinnitus amawononga mphukira zopanda masamba, masamba, komanso zipatso ndi mapesi

Ngati tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tili pamtengo pang'ono, mutha kuyesa kuwononga pogwiritsa ntchito wowerengeka. Chimodzi mwa izi ndi utsi wa fodya. Pa njirayi, nyengo iyenera kukhala bata. M'mundamo, muyenera kuunjika milu ya udzu pang'ono waiwisi ndikuwonjezera fumbi la 2 kg, kenako ndikuwayatsa. Kuti muchepetse kufinya, milu imasinthidwa nthawi ndi nthawi. Mothandizidwa ndi utsi, tizilombo touluka tidzagwera m'mitengo.

Ndi vuto la tizilombo, tizilombo toyambitsa matenda sitingathe kugawanika. Kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa kuyenera kuchitika nthawi ya maluwa, ndipo m'pofunika kumaliza njirayi musanakhale maluwa. Mwa mankhwala omwe mungagwiritse ntchito zida zotere: Aktara, Inta-Vir, Commander, Kinmix. Pambuyo maluwa, ndikofunikira kubwereza mankhwalawa ndi Spark kapena Agravertin. Ndondomeko ziyenera kuchitika madzulo nyengo yofatsa.

Ngati chiwopsezo cha peyala ndi peyala, ndiye kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ophera tizilombo, monga Kinmix, Aktara, Inta-Vir

Alimi adawona kuti luso lalikulu polimbana ndi tinnitus limadziwulula mvula ikagwa, yomwe imachotsa mbali ina ya kachilombo.

Ndikulimbikitsidwanso kuti ufeze mitengo musanasiye tizilombo kuti nthawi yozizira (koyambirira kwa Ogasiti) ikhale ndi imodzi mwakonzekera. Pogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ophera tizilombo, kuchuluka kwake komwe kukufotokozedwamo kuyenera kuyang'aniridwa mosamala.

Ma nsabwe

Kuwoneka kwa nsabwe za peyala kungapangitse osati kungotaya mbewu, komanso kufa kwa mtengowo. Chizindikiro chachikulu cha kukhalapo kwa tizilombo chikuwoneka mwa kupotoza ndi kupukuta masamba pambuyo pake. Aphid ndi tizilombo tating'onoting'ono, tomwe timafikira kukula kwa 0.5-2 mm. Thupi lake limakhala lofewa, lopakika ndi miyendo yayitali. Kuphatikiza pa masamba opotoza, zizindikiritso zazikuluzikulu za mawonekedwe a nsabwe za m'masamba ndi monga:

• masamba, nthambi, komanso nthaka mozungulira mtengo wokutidwa ndi madzi amchere (pad);
• pa mphukira zazing'ono ndi kuphukira kwamtambo kumatuluka chovala chakuda, chomwe ndi fungus boti;
• maluwa ndi mazira agwa;
• m'malo amenewo momwe nsabwe za m'masamba zimalawa, zipatso za m'mimba zimayamwa.

Zilonda zam'mimba zikagwera pamtengo, kupotoza ndikuwumitsa masamba kumachitika, maluwa ndi mazira amayamba kugwa

Pali njira zambiri zolimbana ndi nsabwe za m'masamba ndipo imodzi mwazakudyetsa mitengo moyenera. Zakudya zamagulu amtundu zimathandizira nyengo yonse:

• kasupe - nayitrogeni, chisanu chisasungunuke, komanso zofunikira pambuyo maluwa;
• m'chilimwe - feteleza wa nayitrogeni, ma microelements omwe amathandizira kukana kosiyana ndi tizirombo ndi matenda osiyanasiyana;
• mu kugwa - organic kanthu, potaziyamu, phosphorous, phulusa.

Mitengo ya zipatso imayenera kudyetsedwa munthawi yake komanso moyenera, popeza mbewu zofooka zimakopa nsabwe za m'masamba posowa michere, komanso kuchokera ochulukirapo.

Ndi tizilombo, mutha kumenya nkhondo ndi anthu kapena njira zamankhwala. Mwa njira za wowerengeka zolimbana, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito decoction ya dandelions. Kuti mukonzekere, tengani 0,5 makilogalamu a masamba ndi maluwa ndikuumirira tsiku limodzi mu madzi okwanira 1 litre. Kenako madziwo amawiritsa kwa mphindi 15, mitu iwiri ya adyo yophwanyika imawonjezeredwa ndipo osakaniza yonseyo imawiritsa kwa mphindi zina 5. Kenako msuzi umasefedwa ndikuthira malita 10 a madzi, ndikuwonjezera 30 g ya sopo wobiriwira. Ndi njirayi, masamba amafafaniza kamodzi pa sabata madzulo. Muthanso kugwiritsa ntchito fumbi la fodya kapena phulusa la nkhuni, lomwe limayambitsa kupukutika kwa masamba kumbuyo.

Kanema: Ma aphid amawongolera pamitengo yazipatso

Pofuna kuthana ndi nsabwe za m'masamba lero, zida zambiri zamankhwala zimaperekedwa zomwe zimakumana, matumbo komanso zotsatira zake. Kuchokera pa mankhwala othandizira, Karfobos amatha kusiyanitsidwa. Kuti akonze njira yothetsera vutoli, 75 g ya chinthucho amadzipaka m'milingo 10 yamadzi, kenako kutsanulira. Zogwiritsidwa pa mtengo uliwonse kuyambira 2 mpaka 5 malita, kutengera kukula kwa korona. Mankhwala amphamvu amaphatikiza Actelik ndi Bankol. Yankho logwira ntchito kuchokera kwa wothandizira woyamba limakonzedwa ndikuthira madzi 2 ml ya madzi mu 2 l yamadzi. Pa mtengo umodzi amathera 2 mpaka 5 malita amadzi. Mankhwala wachiwiri amawumitsidwa mu kuchuluka kwa 5-7 g pa 10 malita a madzi. Mukapopera mankhwalawa gwiritsani ntchito malita 10 a yankho pa 100 m² wa malo.

Mwa mankhwala atizilombo opha ma aphid, Aktaru ndi Biotlin angagwiritsidwe ntchito molingana ndi malangizo. Komabe, ziyenera kukumbukiridwa kuti mankhwalawa amalowa m'madzi, komanso zipatso, ndipo amawachotsa kwa nthawi yayitali. Kuphatikiza apo, amaonedwa ngati owopsa kwambiri mthupi la munthu.

Chingwe

Tizilombo tating'onoting'onoyu ndi kakang'ono kwambiri ndipo timangofika 0,18 mm kutalika. Mtundu wa kachilombo ndi loyera; ndipo pofika nthawi yophukira amasintha kukhala pinki kapena woderapo. Mtundu wonyezimira, kenako ndikutupa tinthu tating'onoting'ono, komwe nthawi zina timawoneka ngati zotupa, kumawoneka ngati nkhusu pa peyala. Pambuyo pakuwoneka kwanyini papepala, akuyamba kuyamwa timadziti. Masamba oterowo, njira ya photosynthesis imasokonekera, mtengowo umafooka. Pokhala ndi nkhupakupa zambiri, zipatso zimamera zazing'onozing'ono.

Kutupa pamasamba a peyala kumawoneka ngati nkhungu

Kuti muthane ndi tizilombo, choyambirira, ndikofunikira kuyang'anira ntchito zaulimi. Chimodzi mwa izi ndi kulima kwa nyundo, chifukwa chomwe kuchuluka kwa nkhupakupa ndi mphutsi zawo kumachepetsedwa. Udindo wofunikira umaseweredwa ndi kuvala pamwamba ndikugwiritsira ntchito zinthu zazing'ono zam'madzi, chifukwa chomwe kupatsa thanzi kwa tizilombo kumakhala kovuta. Kuphatikiza apo, pofuna kumenya nkhondo, tikulimbikitsidwa kuyeretsa zitsamba ndi nthambi za mitengo m'makungwa akale, kuchotsa malowo ku masamba achaka chatha, ndikudula korona. Kusowa kwa namsongole m'mundamo kumathandizanso kuchuluka kwa tizirombo.

Kuwongolera kwa peyala kungachitike ndi mankhwala otsatirawa: Decis, Fufanon, Inta-Vir, Nitrafen. Kuthira mafuta ndi zoterezi kumachitika ndi masabata awiri. Muthanso kunena njira za anthu:

1. Kulowetsedwa kwa Dandelion kumatha bwino tizilombo. Kuti akonzekere, 1 makilogalamu amasamba amathiridwa ndi malita atatu amadzi ndikuwumiriza masiku atatu. Kenako kulowetsedwa kumasefedwa ndipo sopo yamadzi yaying'ono imawonjezeredwa ndipo kupopera kumachitika.
2. Kulowetsedwa kwa marigold. Kukonzekera njira ya maluwa 100 g, kutsanulira 1 lita imodzi ya madzi ndi kuwira. Msuzi wotsatira umakakamizidwa kwa masiku 5, ndipo usanapangidwe, umasungunuka ndi madzi 1: 1.
3. Kulowetsedwa mbatata. Kuti muchite izi, tengani 1 makilogalamu abuluu obiriwira, kuwaza ndi kutsanulira 10 malita a madzi ofunda. Kuumirira maola 4, ndiye zosefera ndikuwonjezera 1 tbsp. l sopo wamadzimadzi. Kulowetsedwa kumayenera kudyedwa mkati mwa tsiku limodzi.

Chingwe cha ndulu pa peyala chimatha kuwongoleredwa ndi mankhwala monga Decis

Kuwaza peyala kuyenera kuchitika m'mawa kapena nthawi yamadzulo. Ndikotheka kuchita kukonzedwa mumitambo nyengo, koma osatulutsa.

Moth

Chingwe chopimira chimadya zipatso za peyala, ndipo mbozi zimakula nakonso. Pamene zamkati ndi mbewu zowonongeka, kagayidwe kamasokonekera, zowola za zipatso zimawonekera, chifukwa cha zomwe zimagwa. Njenjete zazikulu ndi agulugufe omwe amakhala pafupifupi milungu iwiri. Kuuluka kwathanzi kumayambira mu Juni kumadzulo, mazira amayikidwa pakhungu la mwana wosabadwayo. Pambuyo pake mphutsi ziziwoneka, zimatafuna khungu, mpaka kufikira mbewu. Kunja kwa mbozizo zimapita kumapeto kwa Julayi-kumayambiriro kwa Ogasiti.

Nthakayo ikaonekera pa peyala, zamkati ndi mbewu za zipatsozo zimawonongeka, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ziwonongeke

Kulimbana ndi tizilombo, choyambirira, kumabwera kuti zitsatire ukadaulo waulimi, womwe uli wofanana ndi njira zothetsera gall mite. Ponena za kukonza mapeyala, ndikotheka kupopera mtengo ndi nthaka ndi yankho la urea, pomwe 700 g ya zinthuyi imasungunuka mu 10 l madzi. Ndondomeko ikuchitika isanayambike kuyamwa kwamayendedwe, chifukwa pambuyo pake kupsa kumatha kukhala impso. Kuchiza ndi yankho la urea kumapangitsa kuwonongeka kwa majeremusi omwe nthawi yozizira pansi ndi pamitengo.

Kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ophera tizilombo kumakhala kothandiza kumayambiriro kwa mazira. Mwa mankhwalawa, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito Bi-58, Ditox, Binom, yomwe idafafaniza isanayambe kapena kutulutsa maluwa. Kufufuza mapeyala asanafike maluwa kungachitike ndi Agravertin. Bwerezaninso njirayi ndi kukonzekera komweko mutangomaliza maluwa. Pambuyo masiku 19, utsi ndi Kinmix, ndipo patatha mwezi umodzi maluwa ndi Spark.

Kanema: Kupaka peyala mu masika kuchokera ku tizirombo

Peyala pokonza tizirombo

Njira zoyendetsera mapeyala ziyenera kuchitidwa moyenera komanso pokonzekera. Popeza ntchito yoteteza makamaka igwera nthawi yamasika, ikuyenera kuganizira nthawi yomwe ikukhazikitsidwa, tizirombo ndi njira zowongolera.

Gome: Nthawi ndi kukonzekera kukonza mitengo ya peyala kwa tizirombo

Kukonzekera kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa kuchokera ku matenda mu April

Masiku ano, pali mitundu ikuluikulu ya mankhwala omwe angagwiritsidwe ntchito kupopera mitengo ya zipatso kuti athane ndi matenda ena. Pansipa pali tebulo lomwe limafotokoza zida zofala kwambiri, cholinga chawo ndi momwe angagwiritsire ntchito.

Gome: Kukonzekera kwa peyala yophukira

Kukula peyala pachako, muyenera kudziwa momwe matenda ndi tizirombo tina tomwe timayambira. Ndi izi pokhapokha pokhapokha pokhapokha pazotheka kugwiritsa ntchito nthawi moyenera kupulumutsa mbewu zamtsogolo ndi mitengo kuti zisawonongeke.