Eni ake okhala ndi malo ambiri okhala ndi chilimwe pambuyo pa kuwonekera kwa mitengo ya apulo pachikhalidwe m'zaka zaposachedwa atenga chidwi chodzalidwa ndi mapeyala a kanjedza ndi mitengo ina yazipatso yokhala ndi korona wa mawonekedwe awa. Zodabwitsa Amakula zomwe sizili m'chilengedwe. Kuphatikiza pa mitengo ya apulosi yofunika, palibe mitengo yazipatso yomwe ingakhale ndi mawonekedwe a calaramu ndikusunga moyo wawo wonse. Pali mitundu yocheperako, yododometsa, yolimba, koma yonse ya chaka chachiwiri kapena chachitatu cha kukula imakhala ndi korona wokwanira, yosiyana kokhazikika. Sikovuta kunena kuti ndi liti omwe amagulitsa omwe amabzala zinthu zomwe amapereka, akulengeza kuti ndiwoza monga chikholamu.
Zambiri
Mutasankha kubzala peyala patsamba lanu ku Moscow Region, yoperekedwa ngati chapalala, musaphonye mphindi zosankha mmera wofesa mbewu zonse za m'munda: chisanu chotsutsa, kukana matenda, zipatso. Kuphatikiza apo, sizobisika kuti kum'mwera kwa dera la Moscow nyengo yacheperako pang'ono kuposa zigawo zake kumpoto. Chifukwa chake, polankhula za mapaundi a "zipilala" a dera la Moscow, mutha kungofotokoza zambiri, ndipo ndi wokhazikitsa mundawo amene ayenera kupanga lingaliro poganizira malo omwe mtengowo udzale.
Kuphatikiza apo, mitengo yonse yayitali yamapira ndi mitengo yazipatso yamtunduwu yamtunduwu imasiyanitsidwa kutengera nthawi yakucha zipatso:
- chilimwe;
- Yophukira
- mochedwa yophukira, yomwe imatchedwanso dzinja.
Peyala yalengezedwa ngati chapalalo mu kanemayo
Monga mukuwonera mu kanema wachiduleyu, mtengowo ndi wamba, kufalikira, zipatso panthambi zoderapo, ngati peyala yamtundu wautali. Mwina mtengo wake ndi wodalirika kapena pachomera chochepa kwambiri. Kuwonanso kofananako kungapangidwe mwa kupenda mosamalitsa zithunzi zomwe zikugwirizana ndi zofotokozera za mapeyala "a chapalati".
Pansipa pali mafotokozedwe a mapeyala oterewa omwe akuyembekezeredwa ku Moscow Region, opangidwa kuchokera pa intaneti, pofotokoza za chisamaliro chosamalidwa cha mtundu wina.
Chilimwe
Pakati pa mapeyala, zipatso zomwe zimacha m'miyezi yachilimwe ndipo zimatha kulimidwa m'matawuni, monga Severyanka, Carmen, Kukongoletsa, Tenderness.
Kumpoto
Mitengo ya Severyanka yotsika mpaka mamitala awiri imakhala yolimba kwambiri
Kutsika mpaka mamita awiri, mitengo ya Severyanka ndiyopanda kutentha kwambiri. Mutabzala, mbewu yoyamba imaperekedwa kwa zaka 5-6. Zipatso zokhathamira komanso zonunkhira zimayamba kupezeka pakati pa Ogasiti, nyengo yabwino, nthawi zina ngakhale zaka khumi zoyambira. Ali ndi peel yobiriwira komanso mtundu wachikasu komanso bulowu yakuda. Amalawa wowawasa-wokoma, wolemera 70 mpaka 100 magalamu, osatinso ochulukirapo. Mapeyala amatha kusungidwa mpaka sabata limodzi ndi theka. Severyanka ndi yoyenera kumalongeza kunyumba. Zoyipa zamitundu mitundu ndizovuta zake zanthete.
M'mafotokozedwe omwe anaperekedwa mu State Register, zikuwonetsedwa kuti Severyanka yosiyanasiyana ali ndi zipatso zomwe kukula kwake kumakhala kosachepera pafupifupi ndipo kulemera kwake kuli pafupifupi magalamu 80. Mitundu yotsalayi siyikuphatikizidwa mu State Record.
Carmen
Mtundu wa mapeyala owala bwino umapangitsa mitengoyo kukhala yokongoletsa kwambiri
Kupaka utoto kwa zipatso, zachilendo kwa mapeyala, kumapangitsa mitengoyo kukhala yokongoletsa kwambiri. Kutalika kwawo kumafikira mamita 2.5, chisoti chachifumucho sichimaposa theka lamita mulifupi. Zokolola zoyambirira mutabzala mtengo zitha kusangalatsidwa mchaka chachitatu. Mapeyala amapsa m'chilimwe chapakati pa Ogasiti ndipo amalemera pafupifupi 250-300 magalamu. Zipatso zochotsedwa zimatha kusungidwa kwa masiku 15. Mtengowu sugwirizana ndi nkhanambo ndi septoria. Carmen amakonda nthaka yachonde ndipo sakonda chinyezi chambiri komanso chinyezi.
Kukongoletsa
Decora ndi mochedwa-chilimwe mitundu, mapeyala zipse kumapeto kwa Ogasiti
Kukongoletsa ndikumapeto kwa chilimwe, mapeyala amapsa kumapeto kwa Ogasiti. Mtengowu umakula kutalika kuyambira mita imodzi ndi theka mpaka mita iwiri. Mutabzala, peyala imayamba kubereka zipatso kwa zaka 2-3. Mitengo yachikasu yopepuka yolemera 200 mpaka 400 magalamu okhala ndi minofu yowiritsa pang'onopang'ono, onunkhira pang'ono kwa duwa. Zipatso zakucha zitha kusungidwa sabata limodzi ndi theka. Zosiyanasiyana zimasiyana ndi chimfine ndi matenda omwe amapezeka ndi mapeyala.
Chifundo
Mitengo yaying'ono iyi yotalika kuposa mamita awiri imatha kupirira chisanu makumi anayi
Peyala yokhala ndi chikondi chachikondi Tenderness imadziwika kwambiri kwa olima m'maluwa ndi okhala pachilimwe kuyambira Kaluga kupita Chelyabinsk. Mitengo yaying'ono iyi yokhala ndi kutalika kwa zosaposa mita ziwiri imatha kupirira chisanu makumi anayi ndipo sikuopa matenda oyipa. Kuyambira chaka chachitatu cha kukula kwa peyala pamalowa, imapereka zokolola zambiri chaka chilichonse. Zipatso ndizochepa mpaka magalamu 200 kulemera, kuphimbidwa ndi peel yobiriwira yopepuka yomwe imatembenuka pang'ono pang'ono dzuwa. Kuguza kwa zipatso kumakhala kotsekemera komanso kowawasa, kowutsa mudyo komanso kununkhira. Nthawi yakucha ndi kumapeto kwa Ogasiti kapena kuyamba kwa Seputembala, kutengera nyengo yamvula. Simungathe kusunga mbewu osapitilira mwezi umodzi. Mu nyengo yadzuwa Kukoma mtima kumafunikira madzi okwanira. Mapeyala amadyedwa mwatsopano, kuphika ndi kukonzedwa.
Yophukira
Gulu la mapeyala omwe amapsa ndikuwadyedwa mu kugwa ndipo litha kulimidwa m'matawuni, monga Sapphire ndi Sanrem.
Sapphire
Sapphire - peyala yolimba yozizira 1.8-2 mita kukwera
Sapphire ndi peyala yolimba yozizira 1.8-2 mita, yomwe siopa matenda ambiri. Amupatsa mbewu yake yoyamba mchaka chachitatu mutabzala. Zipatso zipsa kumapeto kwa September. Kulemera kwawo ndi magalamu 180-230. Akakhwima, mapeyala amakhala amtundu wachikasu ndiwotuwa pamalo opezeka ndi dzuwa. Nyama yowutsa mudyo ndimafuta pang'ono. Mapeyala ndi okoma komanso wowawasa pokoma komanso onunkhira kwambiri. Samagwa mumtengomo ngakhale mvula yamphamvu. Zipatso zomwe zimachotsedwa pamtengowo zimasiyidwa kuti zitheke kwa milungu iwiri, kenako zimatha kudyedwa, ndipo mapeyala a safiro amatha kusungidwa mpaka Disembala.
Zosiyanasiyana Sanremi
Sanremi ndi mitengo yamapira yozizira yozizira kwambiri yomwe imacha kumayambiriro kwa Okutobala
Sanremi ndi mitengo yamapira yozizira yozizira kwambiri yomwe imacha kumayambiriro kwa Okutobala. Mitengo imakula mpaka mamita awiri. Sangatengeke ndi matenda a Clasterosporosis, moniliosis ndi matenda ena ambiri. Zoyambirira zitha kukolola mchaka chachitatu cha moyo wa mmera pamalowo. Kubala ndi pachaka. Kututa kucha kumayambiriro kwa Okutobala. Mapeyala akuluakulu olemera mpaka magalamu 400, amtundu wachikasu. Mimbulu yofewa komanso yotsekemera imakoma pakoma, yomwe imayesedwa ndi mfundo za 4.9. Mbewuyi imasungidwa osaposa miyezi iwiri. Mapeyala amalekerera mayendedwe. Amatha kudyedwa mwatsopano kapena kupangidwa kuchokera kwa iwo zosungidwa zopangidwa mwa kupanikizana, msuzi, compote, kupanikizana ndi zina zambiri.
Mapeyala a Zima
Mitengo iyi, yomwe imabweretsa zokolola kumapeto kwa nthawi yophukira, imakhala yosangalatsa kwa olima m'minda chifukwa zipatso zake zimatha kusungidwa kwa nthawi yayitali, zomwe zimakupatsani mwayi wambiri wa kununkhira ndi kukoma kwa chilimwe m'miyezi yozizira yozizira. Chitsanzo cha mapeyala oterewa ndi mitundu ya Dalicor, yoberekeredwa ku France, koma itakula bwino pano.
Dalicor
Zipatso zimapsa kumayambiriro kwa Okutobala ndipo zimatha kusungidwa mpaka February.
Mitengo yazingwe mpaka mita imodzi ndi theka. Zipatso zimapsa kumayambiriro kwa Okutobala ndipo zimatha kusungidwa mpaka February. Zipatso zachikasu zokhala ndi blush zimakhala ndi msuzi wowola kwambiri. Kupanga zabwino. Chisamaliro chocheperako - kuvala pamwamba komanso kuthilira pang'ono osadzaza nthaka, sikuyenera kudulidwa, koma mchaka chake chimathandizidwa ndi fungicides ovuta, chifukwa imakhala ndi kachilombo.
Kudzala "peyala" peyala
Zachuma zina pa intaneti zikuwonetsa kuti ndiye amene adapanga mapeyala apamwamba a mitengo yodziyimira ya apulatifara, wopikisana ndi sayansi yaulimi Mikhail Vitalievich Kachalkin, ngakhale amakana kwathunthu kupezeka kwa mbewu zotere.
Mapeyala woboola pakati, ma plums ndi ma apricots. Nthano kapena zenizeni?
Kodi pali mapeyala apamwamba?
Ngati, mosiyana ndi zomwe zanenedwazo, wolima munda akuganiza kuti abzale "kanjedza" pachilichonse, ayenera kutsatira malingaliro onse pobzala ndi kusamalira mtengo wamtunduwu. Mwina mungayang'ane ndi wogulitsa zamtunduwu ndikuganizira zomwe zingachitike mutabzala.
M'malo mwake, kupanga peyala yokhala ndi korona yaying'ono, kutalika kwake komwe sikudzapitirira mamita awiri, ndipo m'lifupi mwake ndi pafupifupi mita 1.2, sizovuta. Mitengo yotere imakulidwa bwino kuti ipangidwe. Mtundu uwu wa korona umatchedwa piramidi yocheperako. Zowona, kusamalira peyala yotere kumakhala kofunika kwambiri kuposa kutalika, chifukwa kudzafunika:
- kudulira kwamalimwe;
- Kuchotsa kwa mphukira zamphamvu zopindika;
- kusanja zipatso kwakanthawi.
Ndikothekanso kupanga korona wamtengo ngati mtengo wokulungika wa peyala unalumikizidwa paula. Katunduyu amasungika bwino pakati pa kukonzanso zipatso ndikupanga zipatso nthawi zonse.
Mbande obzalidwa dormancy mu kasupe kapena yophukira. Kwa mtengo umodzi, pamtengo pamakhoma chomera chaching'ono. Ngati mitengo ingapo yabzala, trellis imapangidwa kuti igwiritsidwe ntchito ndi zingwe zamtambo zazitali mamita 0.45 ndi 0.9. Pakati pa mitengo imachoka mtunda wa 1.5-1.8 metres, pamadothi achonde - pafupifupi 2 metres. Kutalikirana kwa mzere ndi 2 mita.
Kupanga korona kumayamba nthawi yomweyo mutabzala peyalayo pamalo okhazikika. Pamtengo mtengo, impso imatsimikizika kutalika kwake pafupifupi theka la mita kuchokera pansi, yomwe ili mbali ina yakumata. Dulani limapangidwa pamwamba pa impso iyi, yomwe imathandizidwa ndi var vars. Panyengo yotentha, mphukira 4-5 zidzapangidwa popanda peyala.
Mapangidwe a korona wamtali kwambiri wa peyala amayamba mchaka choyamba chodzala mtengo
Mu kasupe wa chaka chamawa, mphukira yodulidwamo imadulidwa, ndikusiya pafupifupi 0,25 metres kutalika kwake, pamwamba pa impso, yomwe ili mbali yomwe ili moyang'anizana ndi kudulira koyambirira. Kudulira kumeneku kumalimbikitsa kukula kwa mphukira zatsopano.
Mphukira zotsogola zomwe zakula chaka chatha zimadulidwanso ku impso, zomwe zimayendetsedwa pansi ndipo ndi 0,2 mita kuchokera pamtengo.
M'chilimwe cha chaka chimenecho, mphukira zamtundu zimafupikitsidwa, zomwe sizofunikira kuti pakhale nthambi za mafupa, ndikungosiya masentimita 7000 okha, ndiye kuti palibe masamba opitilira atatu. Mphukira-wachiwiri, ndiye kuti, wochokera ku nthambi zomwe zidakula chaka chatha, amadulidwa, ndikusiya tsamba limodzi. Woyendetsa (wapakati wotsogola) sanadulidwe.
Mapangidwe a korona wachinyamata mchaka chachiwiri
Kwa zaka zachitatu ndi zikubwerazi, wochititsa amadulidwapo, ndikusiya mamita 0.25 kutalika kwake, monga momwe zidalili chaka cham'mbuyomu. Kukula kumene kunapangidwa chifukwa chodulira chaka chatha, kumadulidwa chifukwa cha impso. Mphukira zamphamvu zonse zokhazikika zimachotsedwa kwathunthu.
M'chilimwe, mphukira zonse za m'mphepete zimafupikitsidwa masamba atatu, kuphukira kumodzi kumodzi tsamba limodzi, mphukira zomwe zikupitilira nthambi za chigoba mpaka masamba asanu ndi limodzi.
Chaka chachitatu cha peyala cha korona wamtengo
Pamtengo wachikulire, womwe wafika pamtunda wa mamita awiri, nthawi yotentha wochititsa wapakati amafupikitsidwa kutalika kwathunthu kwa chaka chamawa. Nthambi zamphamvu zimadulidwanso, kumka m'mwamba ndi nthambi zammbali zomwe zimamera kunja kwa korona ndikusokoneza mapeyala oyandikana, ndikuchepera makeke.
Kusunga mawonekedwe a korona. Kudulira kwa mitengo ya achikulire
Korona wopangidwa mwanjira iyi amakhala m'malo opitilira mita imodzi, yomwe, yokulirapo, kuposa malo omwe anapangidwira mtengo wa chapalacho, koma ndivomerezeka ngakhale pazikhala minda yaying'ono.
Ndemanga za mitengo yazipatso
Ponena za mitengo ya apulo yofunika (ndipo mwina ndiokhayo pokhazikitsa zipatso), katswiri wamkulu pankhani izi, a Kachalkin. Onani pa intaneti nkhani zake ndipo nayi tsamba lake //www.opitomnik.ru/.
Pali zingapo zobisika. Mmera wamitundu yosiyanasiyana uyenera kukhala pachitsa chochepa kwambiri. Ndi zotsatirapo zonse zotsatirazi (ma pluses ndi mphindi zonse monga kufunika kwa kuthilira ndi zakudya zopatsa thanzi). Amayamba kubala zipatso chaka chodzala (malinga ndi kufotokozera komanso ngati mwakula), zachuma zimabzala kwambiri. Mitundu yambiri ya zipilala imazizira m'chigawo cha Moscow komanso kumpoto.
Kwa ine, sizikhala zomveka makamaka mwa iwo. Ndikosavuta kubzala CHINTHA chilichonse chosagwira chisanu ndipo chimakonda mitundu yambiri pamtunda wapamwamba (ngati Kid Budagovsky) ndikupeza zinthu zofananazo, ndizodalirika komanso zosiyana kwambiri pamitundu yosiyanasiyana. Mtengowo udzakhala wokwanira pafupifupi 120-150cm ndikuyamba kubzala zipatso chaka chamawa mutabzala, ndibwino kuti musalole hegol, apo ayi bonsai idzakhala kwathunthu. Ndikwabwino kukula koyamba mpaka pamwamba, kenako ndikulandira zipatsozo.
Andrey Vasiliev
//www.forumhouse.ru/threads/212453/
Zowonongeka ndi chisanu, mizati imasandulika "burashi", pansi pazinthu zonse zabwino - kudyetsa, kumwa, kuphulika tinthu tating'onoting'ono - mbewuyo ndiyochepa kwambiri makilogalamu 5-6 kuchokera pamtengo, pali chidziwitso kuti zipatso zimatha kuchepa patatha zaka 12 mpaka 15. Mtengo wa mmera ndi ife ndi ma ruble 500-600 pachidutswa chilichonse. Zikuwoneka kwa ine kuti Hyper iyi yonse kuzungulira mizati imangofunika ndi wopanga. Kodi sikwabwino kubzala mitengo wamba, tsopano pali mitundu yambiri yosangalatsa, yosangalatsa yomwe imakusangalatsani, ana anu ndi zidzukulu zanu?
Marina Ufa
//forum.vinograd.info/showthread.php?t=4280&page=6
Ponena za kulima "mapaundi" a kanjedza "mdera lawo, wolima m'munda aliyense akhoza kusankha yekha, kutengera chidziwitso chomwe chimapezeka kwambiri.
