Wamaluwa ambiri sagula mbande zopangidwa ndi mitengo yazipatso, koma mosadukiza amapita kumtunda kukakolola. Maula amathanso kubzala pambewu, ngakhale sizikhala zogwirizana ndi mitundu yoyambira, koma katemera ndi wovuta kwambiri kuposa kupeza mmera.
Kodi nkotheka kukula maula obala zipatso
Kuti mukule mbande za mbewu, muyenera kulimbikira, koma pakatha zaka 2 padzakhala mtengo wochepa. Mutha kubzala mbeu mwachangu pamalo okhazikika, ndipo mtengowo umakula osakuthira. Koma pali ngozi: pambuyo pa zonse, fupa silingamere, ndipo nthawi ingagwiritsidwe ntchito. Chifukwa chake, njirayi nthawi zambiri imachitika kunyumba, kukula mbande mumiphika.
Ndikothekanso kukula kwa maula ochulukitsa kuchokera ku mbewu, koma ndizovuta kudziwa ngati zipatso zamitundu yomwe mbewuzo zimatengedwedwa zimapezeka pamtengo. Chifukwa chake, chitsa chimamera kuchokera ku maula nthanga, ndipo mchaka chimodzi kapena ziwiri chikhala chodalirika kubzala maula omwe mukufuna osiyanasiyana.
Muyenera kuzolowera poganiza kuti mudzafunika kudzala mitengo yolumikizira mitengo yoyenera ya maula pamtengo wokula bwino.
Maula amatha kumanikizidwa osati pama plums okha, komanso ndi maula a chitumbuwa, kutembenuka kapena minga, apurikoti, pichesi.
Zipatso zomwe zimatengedwa kuchokera kum'mwera kukafika ku Central Russia, zilibe kanthu kuti zimakoma bwanji, sizoyenera kubereka: mbewu zokha kuchokera ku ma plum a mitundu yakomweko ziyenera kubzalidwe. Ndipo, popeza muyenera kuganiza katemera wotsatira, simukuyenera kusankha mitundu yosangalatsa kwambiri. Mwalawo uyenera kutengedwa pamtengo wozizira, wopanda ulemu.
Zitha kuoneka kuti kukhazikitsa katemera kuchedwetsa kulandila mbewu yoyamba kwa zaka zingapo. Koma uku ndikulakwitsa! M'malo mwake, zipatso kuchokera ku mbande zosazunzidwa nthawi zambiri zimapezedwa ngakhale mochedwa kuposa kutemera. Chifukwa chake, zoona, mutha kuyesa, koma osayenera. Pomaliza, chifukwa cha chidwi cha sayansi, mutha kusiya nthambi zamtundu wofanana ndi ziwiri ziwiri pamtengo womwe unalandidwa kuchokera pambewuyo, ndikukhazikitsanso zotsalazo. Ngakhale nthawi zambiri katemera amachitidwa kale wazaka chimodzi, muyezo, wosakhala patali ndi dothi.
Momwe mungakulitsire maula kuchokera pamwala m'munda
Mukabzala mafupa mwachindunji m'mundamo, wina ayenera kukhala wokonzeka kuti mbewa zitha kuziwononga, kotero ayenera kuchitapo kanthu kuti aziwope. Zimathandizanso, mwachitsanzo, kubisa ziguduli kapena pepala lokwiriridwa ndi phula pafupi ndi mafupa. Popeza mafupa amapitilira njira zachilengedwe zoperewera ndi kudzipatula munjira zachilengedwe, kubzala kwawo m'mundamu sikovuta.
Scaration ndikuphwanya pang'ono chovala cha mbewu kuti chithandizire kutuphuka ndi kumera, kupindika ndiko kukalamba kwa nthawi yayitali kwa mbewu pamtunda wina wake kuti imathandizire kumera.
Ngati mungaganize zokhala pachiwopsezo chodzala fupa pomwepo mpaka malo okhazikika, ikani dzenje 60 x 60 x 60 cm ndipo mudzaze ndi feteleza ngati mukubzala mmera (1.5-2 zidebe za manyowa, 200 g wa superphosphate, 50 g wa potaziyamu sulfate). Koma ndibwino kubzala mbeu khumi ndi iwiri pasukulu yophunzirira, ndipo zina zikatulutsa mphukira, chotsani zina zowonjezera ndikubzala mbande zabwino m'malo opanda chaka. Kukula kwama plamu m'munda kumakhala ndi njira izi:
- Mafupa omwe amachotsedwa m'mapulamu osapsa amawatsuka, amawuma ndikusunga mpaka kubzala.
Mafupa obzala amasankha ku ma plamu akakhwima
- Kumayambiriro kwa nthawi yophukira amakumba ngalande yosaya (15-20 cm). Kutalika kwake kumatengera kuchuluka kwa njere: zobzalidwa pamtunda wa 20-30 cm kuchokera kwa wina ndi mnzake. Zomera sizikugwira ntchito. Ngalandeyo yadzaza ndi dothi lakuzungulirapo (kukumba ndikofunikira kuti mupeze gawo lapansi lotayirira), kuloledwa kuyimirira.
Msewuwo suyenera kukhala wozama, uyenera kukumbidwa m'dera ladzuwa kapena pang'ono pang'ono
- Mu theka lachiwiri la Okutobala, mbewu zochotsedwa mu plums zakupsa zimabzalidwe kuti zikafesedwanso ndi dothi, zimakhala zakuya masentimita 8-10. Idulani nthanga, kumasula zipatso ku chipolopolo, siziyenera kubzala mu nthawi yophukira.
- Mafupa amagona pansi. Kuthirira m'masamba mu kugwa sikofunikira. Kutuluka kwa mbande kumatheka mu Meyi. Ngati mbewu zambiri zaphukira, mphukira zowonjezerazo sizimatulutsa, koma kudulidwa mosamala pansi, kapena bwino, mobisa, kukumba pang'ono: apo ayi, mizu yamanzere yakumanzere ikhoza kuwonongeka. Kusamalira mbande kumakhala kuthirira mwadongosolo, kumasula dothi ndikudula.
Ngati mbande ndizambiri, zimakonda kuwonda
- Pakatha chaka, mu nthawi yophukira, maukongoletsedwe opangika akhoza kubzalidwe m'malo okhazikika, ndipo patatha chaka china, akadzakhala ndi nthambi zingapo zam'tsogolo, kuyeza katemera. Ngati ikuyenera kumanikizidwa kumtengowo, ndi bwino kumadzala mbewu nthawi yomweyo kuti ipereke katemera wa chaka chimodzi.
Katemera wa impso (budding) amachitidwa m'chilimwe, koma uku ndi ntchito yodzikongoletsera kuposa kuphatikiza.
Vidiyo: Kubzala mbewu za maula m'munda
Momwe mungakulire maula mumphika
Mukakulitsa plums kuchokera pafupa kunyumba, muyenera kulimbikira, koma kupambana kwa mwambowu kumakhala kwakukulu.
Kukonzekera mafupa
Kuti mafupawo akwere mokhazikika kunyumba, mosiyana ndi zachilengedwe, ayenera kukhala okonzekera. Zachidziwikire, mafupa athunthu okha ndiomwe amabzalidwa (ngati samira m'madzi, ndiye kuti ndi osayenera kubzala).
- Mafupa omwe amachotsedwa m'mapulamu osapsa amatsukidwa ndikukulungidwa pamitundu ina ya nsalu zovunda, kenako ndikuyika mufiriji pakashelefu ndi kutentha kotsika koyenera. Kukhala miyezi ingapo kuzizira kumapereka "chizindikiro" kwa mbewu kuti zimere.
- Mukasunga mufiriji, onetsetsani kuti nsaluyo nthawi zonse imanyowa. Nthawi yonse yosungirako (mpaka kumapeto kwa dzinja) amayang'anira mafupa: ngati nkhungu imawoneka, imatsukidwa bwino.
Cholinga cha kupatuka ndikukukakamiza mbewu kuti zimere mu nthawi yophukira
- Mutatsala pang'ono kubzala, mutha kulimbikitsa njere kuti zimere, pogwiritsa ntchito njira za Epin kapena Zircon m'malo mwa madzi kuti muzinyowetse, ndikuzithira malinga ndi malangizo.
Zowonjezera za kukula zimathandizira kumera, koma ziyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito pozunzidwa ndi wopanga
Olima m'minda m'malo mwa chinyontho chonyowa amasunga mafupawo mumchenga wonyowa kapena utuchi, koma pamenepa mufunika bokosi lomwe limayikidwa m'chipinda chapansi pa nyumba ndikuwunikanso mozama momwe mbewuyo ili komanso chinyezi cha gawo lapansi.
Kubzala mbewu
Pakutha nyengo yachisanu, mafupawo ayenera kutupa, ndipo chipolopolo chawo cholimba chimayenera kusweka. Pakubzala, mapoto wamba a maluwa okhala ndi malita pafupifupi awiri ndi oyenera.
Mafupa atatupa, koma osaphulika, mutha kuwathandiza mwa kupukuta kunja ndi fayilo.
Kuyika ndi motere:
- Nthaka yopangidwa ndi dothi komanso mchenga wamtsinje (1: 1) imathiridwa mumphika, koma choyamba, zotulutsira miyala yayikulu kapena dongo lotukulidwa limayikidwa pansi.
Mphika uliwonse wamaluwa wokhala ndi masentimita osachepera 15 cm ndiwofunikira kubzala mbewu ya maula
- Mbewu zobzalidwa mpaka akuya masentimita atatu, ndikuthiriridwa bwino ndikuyika miphika pamalo owala pofunda firiji. Ngati mphika ndiwowoneka bwino, mutha kubzala mbewu ziwiri mmenemo (ndiye kuti mphukira zowonjezera zimachotsedwa mosamala ndi lumo).
Ngati muzu watalika kale, muyenera kuyesetsa kuti usathyole: choyamba ikani mwala, kenako ndikudzaza ndi dothi mofatsa
- Mpaka mbande zitawonekera, nthaka imakhala yonyowa, kupewa kufinya.
Pambuyo pa masabata 2-4, mbande zimatuluka ndi masamba a cotyledon, ofanana ndi masamba a mbande zamasamba, ndipo pokhapokha masamba enieni a elliptic.
Kusamalira mbewu
Kuti mbande zisatambasule, zimasungidwa bwino, koma ndikuwopa makina owotcha omwe amatha kuwotcha masamba. Masiku oyamba a 8-10 muyenera kukhala ndi kutentha kwa 10-12zaC, ndiye muyenera chipinda. Ngati windowsill ili kumpoto, ndikofunikira kupereka kuwunikira ndi nyali za fluorescent. Madzi pang'ono mosamala, kupewa kupukuta pansi, kumayima madzi firiji. Ngati chipindacho chili chouma kwambiri, nthawi ndi nthawi muziwaza mpweya pafupi ndi poto.
Pakatha mwezi umodzi, maula amapatsidwa feteleza wophatikiza ndi mchere (mwachitsanzo, azophos). Pambuyo pa mwezi wina, kuvala pamwamba kumabwerezedwa. Dothi limasulidwa mwadongosolo. Pakutha kumapeto kwa chaka, mtengo umatha kukula mpaka 0.5 m.
Kumapeto kwa Meyi, mmera ungabzalidwe bwino m'mundawo ngati muuchotsa mumphika ndi dothi losasokoneza popanda mizu. M'madera otentha, kuziika zimathanso kukonzekera kugwa, koma mkati mwa msewu amayesera kuti asabzale plums nyengo yachisanu.
Ngati mbande zimasungidwa kunyumba kwanthawi yayitali, zimayenera kusinthidwa nthawi zina mumiphika yayikulu.
Kubzala m'mundamo kumachitika molingana ndi malamulo onse ndipo mulibe mawonekedwe, koma izi zisanachitike izi, kukhetsa kuyenera kuumitsidwa. Mbande zobzalidwa kale m'munda.
Kukula ma plums ochokera kumadera osiyanasiyana
Mfundo za kukula kwa maula kunyumba ndikungodziyimira palokha, chisankho chokha cha mitundu ndiyofunika. Mitundu yokhazikika yokhazikika yozizira lolimba komanso kulekerera chilala ndi yoyenera. Ku Siberia komanso ngakhale msewu wapakatikati, munthu sayenera kubzala mbewu zambiri zakumwera. Mafupa a Plum mwachikhalidwe amabzalidwa munjira yapakati:
- Minsk
- Kukongola kwa Volga
- Chi Belarusi.
M'madera ouma, Europe ndi Morning zikuyenda bwino. Ndipo ku Siberia ndibwino kubzala mitundu yonse ndi chisanu chambiri:
- Ussuri
- Wachichepere koyambirira
- Kukongola kwa Manchurian.
Zisankho zomwezo zimachitika mukamakula mbande mwachindunji m'munda. Apa, kusankha kokha malo omwe kubzala mbewu kumadalira dera. Sukulu iyenera kugawidwa kumbali yotentha kwambiri yamalo. Ndipo ngati kumwera kwa dziko lathu kapena ambiri ku Ukraine simungadandaule za kuthekera kosasunga nthangala zosungidwa m'nthaka, ndiye kuti zikafesedwa m'dzinja m'malo ozizira, malo obzala ayenera kuyikiridwa bwino ndi dothi la peat kapena humus.
Zolemba za mbewu za maula zomwe zikukula mu Siberia ndizofotokozedwa mwatsatanetsatane m'mabuku omwe alipo. Chifukwa chake, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti tisangochotsa ma plums mwanjira imeneyi mikhalidwe ya ubweya wathunthu, komanso kuwalola kuti agone patsiku lomalizira ndikuchotsa mbewu zokha. Pambuyo pakutsuka ndikuwumitsa pang'onopang'ono, mafupawo amasungidwa mpaka kubzalidwa m'matumba apulasitiki omangidwa mwamphamvu, pomwe amacha.
Kufesa mbewu ku Siberia kumachitika mu njira ya makolo (nthawi yophukira) komanso masika (ndipo nthawi yachisanu, mafupawo amapezeka mwamavuto pansi m'matumba a nsalu). Kubzala masika ku Siberia kumadziwika kuti ndikodalirika. Kubzala masamba kumachitika msanu chisanu chisanachitike, ndikubzala masika mutayimitsa nthaka mutatha chisanu kusungunuka. Mafupa amabzalidwa m'mizere yophatikiza bwino malinga ndi 40 x 15 cm wokhala ndi mizu yokhomedwa pansi mpaka akuya masentimita 2-3, yokutidwa ndi dongo loonda.
Kusamalira mphukira zambiri ku Siberia sikusiyana ndi zomwe zimavomerezedwa nthawi zonse. Koma pakati pa Ogasiti, mphukira zonse ziyenera kumetedwa, zimaloledwa kukonzekera nyengo yachisanu. Mbeu zofooka kwambiri zimachotsedwa chifukwa sizipulumuka nthawi yozizira kapena kupulumuka, koma zikhala zofooka, nthawi ina zimabala zipatso. Ma plamu amawasamutsira kumalo osatha azaka 2.
Kukula maula kuchokera pamwala sikovuta, koma kovuta. Mukachita izi mwachindunji m'mundamu, njirayi imafuna ndalama zochepa, koma imalumikizidwa ndi chiwopsezo china. Kunyumba, kuthekera kwachipambano kumakhala kwakukulu, koma ukadaulo umaphatikizapo kutengapo gawo kosatha kwa wolima m'munda wa chiweto.
