Pulezidenti wa Plum ndiye wotchuka kwambiri wakunja yemwe amakhala wamkulu koposa zaka zana limodzi m'minda yazaboma komanso m'minda yamafakitale. Mitundu yosiyanasiyana imakhala yabwino mu nyengo yotentha, mtengowo umabala zipatso zambiri ndi zipatso zokoma, sizitanthauza kuti zinthu zikakula.
Kufotokozera kwa kalasi
Purezidenti wa Plum adawonekera ku England kumayambiriro kwa zaka za zana la makumi awiri, mitunduyi imaganiziridwa chifukwa cha kusankha kwa Amateur. Kugawidwa Madzulo ku Europe, ndikotchuka m'dziko lathu.
Zomera
Plum Purezidenti amakula msanga, mchaka choyamba mtengo umawonjezera mpaka theka la mita pachaka, koma osawoneka ngati chimphona, Kukula kumayima pamalo okwera pafupifupi mamitala 3-3,5. Poyamba, mtengo wachichepere umakhala ndi korona wa piramidi, koma pazaka zambiri umasandulika kukhala wozungulira, womwe umayamba kukula. Makungwa ake ndi amtundu wobiriwira, osakhala akhakula. Popeza luso lopanga mphukira ndilapamwamba kwambiri, kusiyanasiyana kumafunikira kudulira mwadongosolo. Masamba ndi onyezimira, akulu, amtundu wakuda bii, osapindika. Mapesi amalekanitsidwa mosavuta ndi nthambi zake;
Pulezidenti wa Plum amadziwika ndi kukana kwambiri chisanu, mitengo yolimbana ngakhale kutentha kwambiri mpaka -35 ... -40 ° C. Kulekerera chilala ndi njira inanso yabwino yosiyanasiyana. The kukana matenda ali pamwamba pafupifupi: mitundu nthawi zambiri zimakhudzidwa ndi moniliosis, matenda ena ndi osowa kwambiri. Monga mitundu ina yaula, Purezidenti amadwala matenda a tizirombo monga njenjete ndi aphid. Kuzindikira kwa Cameo ndikosowa kwambiri.
Maluwa amapezeka pakati pa Meyi, maluwa oyera oyera amatengedwa m'm inflorescence yaying'ono. Kuti mupeze mbewu yokhazikika, Purezidenti safuna oponyera mungu, koma ngati pafupi ndi pomwepo pali maluwa a Skorospelka ofiira, Renklod Altana, Bluefrey kapena Kabardinskaya koyambirira, zokolola zimachuluka kwambiri, mpaka 40-60 kg pamtengo uliwonse, womwe ndi 20-25% kuposa mtengo wopanda wokha.
Zosiyanasiyana zimayamba kubala zipatso zaka 5 mutabzala mmera wapachaka. Zipatso zimacha mochedwa, ngakhale pa nyengo yotentha kwambiri osati koyambirira kwa mwezi wa September, ndipo nthawi zambiri kumapeto kwa mwezi. Palibe kusasunthika mu zipatso; kumatha kukhala madontho ochepera chabe kutengera nyengo. Zipatso zakukhwima kumatha nthambi zabwino; Zipatso zonyazitsidwa zokha zimagwera.
Kufotokozera Zipatso
Zipatso za ma plamu zamtunduwu ndizapamwamba pafupifupi, pafupifupi kuzungulira, zimakhala ndi kulemera pafupifupi 50 g, koma pamitengo yaying'ono ikhoza kukhala yayikulu. Popeza mumtengo wachikulire, munthawi ya zipatso zambiri, nthambi zazikulu zimayamba kale kuzimiririka, zimagwira bwino mbewuzo, osaphulika. Nthawi yomweyo, pansi pa nthambi zodzaza kwambiri ndibwino kuti m'malo mwa madzi abwinowa. Mtundu wa chipatsocho umakhala wofiirira mpaka wofiirira, womwe umakutira sera. Ponseponse pali tinthu tating'onoting'ono tating'ono. Khungu limakhala losalala, pakati.
Pulezidenti Pulezidenti ndi wamkulu kwambiri ndipo, ngakhale ali mkhalidwe wabwinobwino mtundu wawo ndi wovuta kudziwa m'mawu amodzi
Guwa ndi elastic, yowutsa mudyo, achikasu kapena amtundu wakuda, koma msuzi umakhala wopanda mtundu. Kulawa ndikwabwino, zipatsozi zimakhala zokoma, shuga zili ndi 8.5%. Kulawa kuwunika kwa zipatso kuyambira 4.0 mpaka 4.5. Fupa limakhala lokwera, limasiyanitsidwa mosavuta ndi zamkati.
Zipatso zimayendetsedwa bwino ndikusungidwa, makamaka ngati zimakololedwa masiku angapo zisanakhwime. Chifukwa chake, ngati mumakolola mbewu masiku asanu ndi limodzi asanatulukebe, atakhala kuti ali ndi mtundu wamtundu, koma osakhala wofewa ndipo satuluka panthambi mosavuta, angathe kusungidwa pamalo abwino mpaka milungu iwiri. Komabe, kukoma kwa zipatso zosapsa kumakhala koyipa kwambiri, chifukwa chake simuyenera kusankhira plums isanachitike. Cholinga cha zokolola ndi ponseponse: ma plums amadyedwa mwatsopano, amapangidwa kuchokera kupanikizana, compote, pastille, ndipo ndioyeneranso popanga. Koma zipatsozo sizoyenera kuyanika kuti zitheke: kukhala owiritsa zipatso, sizikukwaniritsa zofunikira zama plum zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pochita izi: shuga yokwanira (osachepera 12% amafunikira) komanso acidity kwambiri (2,5% pomwe chosafunikira sichili zoposa 1%).
Vidiyo: Purezidenti Wam'munda
Kubzala mitundu ya maula Purezidenti
Purezidenti siachilendo kubzala maula, mukungofunika kusankha malo oyenera ndikukonzekera dzenjelo pa nthawi yake. Ngati mitengo ingapo yabzalidwa nthawi imodzi, mtunda wa mita 3 ndi wokwanira pakati pawo: Umu ndi momwe mapulani amaperekera akatswiri, ngakhale kuti munthu wamkulu akhoza kupeza nduwira za mitengo yoyandikana. Poyandikana, kusapezeka kwa mitengo yayitali ndikofunikira kuti kuwala kadzuwa kambiri kugwera.
Madeti ofikira, kukonzekera malo
Monga mitengo yazipatso ina, Purezidenti plum mbande yokhala ndi mizu yotseguka imabzalidwa masika ndi nthawi yophukira, koma m'malo ambiri yophukira yophukira ndiyosafunikanso, ngakhale mitengo yozizira imasunthika kwambiri. M'madera otentha, kubzala kwa nthawi yophukira kumachitika mu Seputembala - Okutobala, koma pakati pa msewu, komanso makamaka nyengo yozizira, mbande zomwe zidagulidwa mu kugwa zikulimbikitsidwa kuti zikumbidwe m'derali mpaka kumapeto kwa mvula, ndi kugwa kukonzekera dzenje lobzala. Zodzikongoletsera zokha zimachitika kuyambira pakati pa Epulo komanso, mwakachetechete, mpaka kuchiyambiyambi kwa zaka eyiti za Meyi.
Mbande yokhala ndi mizu yotsekeka (mumakhala) ingabzalidwe pafupifupi nthawi iliyonse nyengo ilola.
Nthaka zabwino kwambiri zodzala ma plums ndizopanda chonde, zomwe sizingokhala dambo. Malowa amakumbidwa pasadakhale, ndikuchotsa udzu ndi feteleza, ndipo ngati pangafunike, ngati dothi ndi acidic (sorelo, mahatchi, asidi wowawasa amapezeka), deoxidizer (hydrate laimu kapena choko, mpaka 1 kg / m2) Nthawi zambiri, mukakumba malo, kumangotulutsa humus (1 mita chidebe2), koma ngati dothi ndilosauka, mutha kuwonjezera superphosphate ndi potaziyamu yambiri.
Chofunikira kwambiri ndikukumba komwe malo sanadulidwe bwino kale, pomwe pali maudzu ambiri
Wogwiritsa feteleza woyikiramo yemwe amakonzedwa kuti adzalowe m'dzinja masabata awiri 2-3 asanabzalidwe, ndi kuphukira - kumapeto. Miyeso ya dzenje ndi 70-80 masentimita m'litali ndi m'lifupi, pafupifupi theka la mita mwakuya. Ndikofunikira kuti pansi panthaka sipakhale pafupi ndi madzi. Akadutsa pakuya kwa 1.5-2 m, ndibwino kuti asankhe tsamba lina kapena kuti apange mulu wochita kupanga. Pokonzekera dzenjelo, dothi lakumunsi limachotsedwa, ndipo cham'mwamba chimaphatikizidwa ndi feteleza (2 zidebe za kompositi, 0,5 makilogalamu phulusa ndi 300 g wa superphosphate) ndikubwerera kudzenje. Mtengo wobzala mpaka nthambi yoyamba chigoba cha mmera (ngati ulipo) kapena 70-80 masentimita mukabzala wazaka wazaka chimodzi zitha kuyendetsedwa mwachangu, kapena mutha kudikirira mpaka mutabzala.
Kubzala mmera kasupe
Pogula mmera, ndikofunikira kupenda kwathunthu ndikusiya njira ndi khungwa lomwe limaphulika kapena ndi mizu yowuma. Ngakhale mmera uli ndi zaka zingati (1 kapena 2, sikofunikira), mizu iyenera kukhazikitsidwa bwino komanso zotanuka. Masamba nthawi ya masika kubzala atupa, koma osaphukira. Mukafika pamalowo ndi mmera, pitani motere.
- Amayika madziwo m'madzi kwa maola angapo (kapena osachepera mizu yake), ndipo asanadzalemo, akutsitsani mphindi imodzi pakulankhula kokhazikitsidwa ndi dongo ndi mullein ndi madzi ofunikira (ngati mullein mullein, ndiye kuti dothi ndi madzi) )
Clay chatter, yokhazikika pamizu, imawathandiza kukhazikika msanga pokonza
- Kuchuluka kwa zosakaniza za dothi kumachotsedwa mu dzenjelo ndipo mmera umayikidwamo kuti mizu imayikidwa momasuka panthaka popanda kupindika. Pankhaniyi, khosi la mizu liyenera kukhala 2-3 masentimita pamwamba pa nthaka.
Ndi mmera mu dzenje, muyenera kupatsa mizu yake mwayi wokhala momasuka
- Mizu imakhuthulidwa ndi osakaniza dothi, ndikusintha nthawi ndi nthawi ndi dzanja, kenako miyendo, osasiya kuyang'ana komwe khosi lawonongedwa. Atagona pafupifupi kwathunthu, amangirira mmera pamtengo ndi nthiti yofewa yolimba.
G8 imakupatsani mwayi kuti mumange mbande momasuka kuti zingwe zisakumba
- Mukathira ndowa ziwiri za madzi mu dzenje, dzazani dzenjelo ndi kumtunda ndikupangitsani mbali m'mphepete mwake kuti nthawi ikamadzathira madzi osayenda.
Ndikofunikira kukonza bwalo la thunthu kuti madzi othirira azilowetsa pang'onopang'ono m'nthaka kuti asawonongeke pachabe
- Mopepuka mulch bwalo loyandikira-tsinde ndi zinthu zilizonse zotayirira (humus, tchipisi za peat, udzu wosankhidwa).
Pakatikati, mulch wosanjika safunikira, ndikofunikira kuti silimaphimba tsinde
Maula patsiku lobzala sanadulidwe, pokhapokha ngati pali nthambi zowonongeka: mbewu iyi nthawi zambiri imayankha zowawa pakuchepetsa, ndipo mmera osakhazikika imatha kubweretsa matenda a chingamu. Ngati ma crease kapena kuwonongeka kwakukulu kwa khungubwe kupezeka pamalangizo a nthambi, ndibwino kuwadula pamalo abwino, ndikuphimba mabala ndi var vars. Kudulira kwamphamvu kumayamba mchaka chimodzi. M'chaka choyamba mmera umathirira madzi pafupipafupi (kawiri pa mwezi), kuteteza dothi lozunguliralo kuti lisaume; mmera utakula, ndiye kuti pakatha miyezi iwiri, kuthilira kumachepetsedwa.
Kukula Zinthu
Chowonjezera cha kuchuluka kwa Purezidenti poyerekeza ndi mitundu ina yambiri ndikuti mutha kulabadira pang'ono kuthirira. Zachidziwikire, chinyezi chokwanira, zokolola zimakulirakulira, koma kuyanika kwakanthawi sikungapweteke. Ndikofunika kwambiri kuti nthaka isayandike chinyezi mkati mwa maluwa komanso pang'ono, poyambira kukula kwa zipatso. Koma theka lachiwiri la chilimwe, simuyenera kupereka madzi ambiri, kuti musapangitse kukula kwa mphukira kupitilira kukonzekera nthawi yozizira, komanso kuwononga zipatso.
Mavalidwe apamwamba amtengowo amayamba mchaka chachitatu mutabzala. Chaka chilichonse kumayambiriro kwamasika, feteleza wa nitrogen wothamanga amamwazikana kuzungulira mtengowo. Ndikwabwino kutenga urea, koma ammonium nitrate ndiyothekanso, pafupifupi 20 g / m2. Musanafike maluwa, kukumba mosalala kompositi kapena humus, komanso superphosphate ndi feteleza aliyense wa potashi. Nthawi yomweyo, organic kanthu (5-6 kg / m2) Mutha kupanga feteleza wamchere osati pachaka, koma (50 g wa superphosphate ndi 20-30 g wa potaziyamu mchere pa 1 mita2) - chaka chilichonse.
Kuyambira chaka chachiwiri mpaka pomwe fruiting wabwinobwino, Purezidenti amapanga maula. Kudulira kulikonse kwa ma plamu pakati pa njirayi kumachitika kumayambiriro kwa masika, isanayambike kutuluka, ndi zokutira kwamankhwala mabala ndi var var. Mu zaka zitatu zoyambirira, amayesa kupatsa mtengowo mawonekedwe omwe amafuna: monga lamulo, ku maula, Purezidenti amapanga mitengo iwiri ya zigawo za nthambi za 3-4, zowongoleredwa motsatana. Samakhudza wochititsa kwa nthawi yayitali, ndipo pokhapokha zaka 3-5, ngati safuna kulola mtengowo kukula, wadulidwapo. Nthambi za mafupa zimafupikitsidwa ndi 15-20 cm popanga kudulira.
Kudulira ndi njira yovuta kwambiri: zipatso zamiyala, mosiyana ndi mitengo ya maapulo, osakhululuka zolakwa, akudwala chifukwa kudulira kolakwika
Atalowa zipatso, Purezidenti adadula maula pang'ono. Chitani zodulira mwaukhondo (kudula nthambi zowonongeka ndi zowonongeka), ndipo ngati kuli kofunikira - ngati kukula kwa koronayo ndizowonjezereka - ndikuwala.
Ma plums akale, omwe alibe kale kukula kwa mphukira, amasinthidwa ndi atsopano kapena kupangidwanso ndi kufupikitsa nthambi zazikuluzikulu, koma kwa zaka zopitilira 20 sizikupanga nzeru kusunga mtengo pamalowo.
Isanayambike nyengo yachisanu, mitengo ikuluikulu ndi zoyambira za nthambi za mafupa zimatsuka, ndikuziteteza kumayenje oyambira a chisanu. Ngati mukuwonjezera zinthu zonunkhira ndi burodiwo, mutha kuteteza mitengo kumayendedwe motere. Koma ndibwino kumangirira ma plums ang'onoang'ono ndi nthambi zodziwirira kapena ma tona a nayiloni, ndipo kalulu sadzakhudzanso mitengo yakale. Chitetezo ku chisanu chomwe chimatulutsidwa ndi Purezidenti nthawi zambiri sichifunikira.
Kanema: Kudulira Purezidenti
Matenda ndi tizirombo, nkhondo yolimbana nawo
Pankhani ya maula, Purezidenti nthawi zambiri amakumana ndi moniliosis - matenda omwe amayamba ndi kugonjetsedwa kwa mphukira kenako ndikupatsira zipatso.
Moniliosis samangolepheretsa wokolola m'munda wa mbewuyo, popanda chithandizo, atha kumuletsa kumtengowo
Pankhani ya njira zoyenera zaulimi (kuyeretsa kwakanthawi mozungulira mitengo, kuchiritsa mabala, ndi zina), matendawa ndiwokayikitsa, koma izi zikachitika, amathandizidwa ndi Bordeaux fluid. 1% madzi amatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi iliyonse, kupatula nthawi yakucha chipatso (apo ayi sangadye).
Ngati kumayambiriro kasupe kuchita kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa ndi 3% Bordeaux madzimadzi, ndiye kuti matenda ena am'mimba (kleasterosporiosis, dzimbiri, matumba a plum) saopsezedwa ndi Purezidenti osiyanasiyana. Kuzindikira kwa Cameo kumachitika pokhapokha patadulira barbaric, pomwe mabala akulu samachiritsidwa komanso osaphimbidwa. Ngati chingamu chawoneka, ndikofunikira kuchichotsa, yeretsani mabala ndi mpeni wakuthwa, chitani ndi 1% yankho lamkuwa la sulfate ndikuphimba ndi var vars.
Chimodzi mwazilombo zoyopsa zomwe zimayamwa timadziti kuchokera kwa mphukira ndi masamba ndi maula aphid. Makamaka nthawi zambiri, imakhala m'malo osasamalidwa bwino. Mwa zina mwa tizirombo timene timawononga chipatsochi, pali tambala wowoneka bwino komanso njenjete. Mphutsi zamtchire zimawononga zipatso zomwe zimayamba kale m'mimba, ndipo mbozi zopanga zimakonda zokoka zake.
Chiwombankhanga ndi ntchentche yowoneka ngati yopanda vuto, koma nkhope zake zimapweteketsa kwambiri
Nsabwe za m'masamba, pomwe zilibe ambiri aiwo, zimawonongeka ndi mankhwala azitsamba (kulowetsedwa zitsamba, anyezi, phulusa, madzi a sopo okha). Koma pakuwukira kambiri, monga tizirombo tina, tifunika kupha tizirombo tokhala ndi mankhwala: Fufanon, Karbofos, Iskra, ndi zina. Ndikofunika kusankha osakhala wowopsa kwa wolima ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mosamala malangizowo.
Ndemanga Zapamwamba
Pali zinthu zina mukamakula. Musathamangire kudya. Kutalika kosungidwa mufiriji. M'mikhalidwe yovuta (chilala cha chilimwe, September ozizira) ndi kutola msanga, zamkati nthawi zambiri zimakhala zowuma, zolimba ndi asidi wambiri, ndi kukoma kwapakati. Mitundu yabwino kwambiri yopangira zophikira. Pamaso pa ulimi wothirira kapena zigawo zomwe zimakhala ndi chinyezi chokwanira, kulima mafakitale ndizotheka. Mtengo wamsika ndiwokwera.
Ilyich 1952
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Mchigawo cha Moscow, zipatso za maula a Purezidenti sizipsa chaka chilichonse. Ngati chilimwe chimakhala chotentha, chimacha pakati, kapenanso kumapeto kwa Seputembara. Zosiyanasiyana ndizabwino, chokoma, chisanu kwambiri.
Anona
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Plum Purezidenti - woimira mitundu yakale, ali ndi nthawi yakucha, kukolola kwabwino, kukoma kwabwino komanso kudzitsitsa kwawo pakumakula. Ngakhale abedi atapeza bwino, amapezabe malo ake m'minda yamaphunziro.
