Momwe timamera mbatata musanabzale: njira zoyambirira ndi malamulo

Wogulitsa m'munda aliyense pomwe pali mabedi ndi mbatata amadziwa momwe angafunikire kuyika ndalama pakukula izi, ndipo nthawi yomweyo sizotheka kukwaniritsa zomwe mukufuna. Mwamwayi, pali njira zingapo zomwe zingakulitse zokolola za mbatata, ndipo kulima kwa tubers musanadzalemo ndi imodzi mwazomwezo.

Chifukwa chiyani kumera mbatata

Kumera mbatata ndi njira yofunika chifukwa imakuthandizani kuti mudzutse maso anu pa tubers. Izi zimapereka kupulumuka kwabwinoko, mbande zachikondi ndikuchulukitsa zochulukirapo ndi 30-40%. Zotsatira zamera, zobiriwira zamdima zamtambo zazitali masentimita 3-5 zimayenera kuwonekera pa tubers.

Pamatumba omwe amasungidwa nthawi yayitali kumapeto kwa dzinja, mphukira zoyera-zofiirira zimakonda kuonekera. Awa ndiwo amatchedwa mthunzi (wofatsa). Kuchokera kwa iwo, mutha kudziwa ngati tuber imakhudzidwa ndi vuto lakumapeto (pamalangizo akuda), komanso pasadakhale kuti mutaye zomwe zidawonongeka. Mphukira zamtundu zimawonekera, pomwe iwo amazipanga amapangidwa.

Nthawi yophukira ndi kukonzekera mbewu

Muyenera kuyamba kumera ma tuber musanayambe. Kusunga nthawi kumatengera dera lomwe mukufuna kukonzekera mbatata.

Gome: Mapeto a mbatata

Mutazindikira nthawi yanthawi yake, muyenera kukonza mbewu kuti zimere. Kuti muchite izi:

1. Pangani nokha ndikuchotsa ochepa komanso odwala (ovunda, ofewa, okhala ndi mabowo, etc.) tubers.
   

   Mitengo yokhayo yathanzi, yaying'ono, yolimba ndi yoyenera kubzala.
2. Sambani zitsamba zotsalira bwino m'madzi kuti muzitsuka dothi lonse, ndikuchotsa kuwala.
3. Kenako ikani mbatata mu mankhwala ophera tizilombo. Kuti mukonzekere, ikani potaziyamu potanganum permanganate (1 g) kapena boric acid (10 g) mumtsuko. Zilowerere tubers mmenemo kwa mphindi 30.
   

   Ngati pali mbewu zambiri ndipo wosamalira mundayo adazisunga moyenera (zomwe nthawi zonse zimatsimikizira kusatetemera), simungathe kuwira mbatata mu njira ya potaziyamu ya potaziyamu, koma ingopopera masamba

4. Sambani zitsulozo m'madzi oyera, ndikuziwumitsa (+ 22-25) ^zaC), mchipinda chouma komanso chamdima kwa masiku atatu, kufalikira m'magawo 1-2.

Ngati atasungidwa mosayenera (m'chipinda chofunda kwambiri komanso chinyezi), timatumba timatha kutulutsa tokha pasadakhale, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimapezeka kuti tachedwa. Poterepa, chepetsani kutentha +2 ^zaNdi ndikuonetsetsa kuti ma tubers ndi amdima kwathunthu. Ndikosayenera kuchotsa kapena kufupikitsa njira ngati kutalika kwake ndikosakwana 20 cm.

Mbatata zokulirapo ziyenera kusungidwa pamalo abwino, abwino mpaka kubzala.

Njira zazikulu zamera za mbatata

Mbatata zimamera munjira zambiri.

Phukusi

Njirayi ikhoza kukhazikitsidwa motere:

1. Konzani nambala zofunikira za m'matumba apulasitiki owoneka bwino ndikupanga mabowo a 10-12 mu umodzi uliwonse kuti ma tubers athe kupuma. Kutalika kwa mabowowo ndi 1 cm, ndipo mtunda pakati pawo ndi 8-10 cm.
2. Ikani ma tubers 8-10 mu thumba lililonse ndikumangiriza.
3. Lekani chinsalu pawindo, ndipo ngati izi sizingatheke, ndiye kuti ikani mapaketi pazenera zowuma mzere. Popeza nthawi zambiri kumakhala kozizira pafupi ndi zenera, ndibwino kuyika nsalu yopaka ubweya, makatoni kapena chidutswa cha pulasitiki chithovu pansi pamatumba kuti aziwotha. Komanso yesani kuyika mapaketi poyatsira magetsi, osati kuwunika mwachindunji.
   

   Muyenera kupanga mabowo m'matumba kuti ma tubers asamakwane
4. Sinthani zida zogwirira ntchito pafupipafupi (masiku atatu aliwonse) kuti mbali zonse za tubers ziziwoneka zowala nthawi yayitali.

Kuphuka kwa mbatata mwanjira imeneyi kumatha kutenga masiku 25-30. Wamaluwa omwe amagwiritsa ntchito njirayi amachitamandila chifukwa chokomera kunyamula ma tubers kumunda, koma akulangizidwa kuti azitsata mosamala kutetezedwa kwa zitsamba.

Mu gawo lonyowa

Njirayi ndi yabwino ngati mukufuna osati kokha, komanso mizu kuti ipange pa tubers - mwachitsanzo, mukamamera nthanga kapena kuchedwa kubzala ma tubers m'nthaka. Sungani pamabokosi komanso gawo lokwanira (liyenera kumasunga madzi ndikutulutsa mpweya). Macheka owombedwa, peat, humus, perlite, vermiculite ndi oyenera.

Kuti mupeze zotsatira zabwino, muyenera kusankha gawo loyenerera kumera kwa tubers

Kumera kumachitika motere:

1. Denga (3-5 cm) la gawo lonyowa limayikidwa pansi pa bokosilo.
2. Zilonda zam'madzi zimayikidwa mwachisawawa.
   

   Mu bokosi la kumera sipayenera kupitilira zigawo zinayi za mbatata
3. Amagona ndi gawo lomwelo lonyowa.
4. Bwerezani izi mpaka zigawo 4 za tubers zili m'bokosi.

Kuyika zambiri sikulimbikitsidwa, monga ma tubers m'munsi m'miyeso amatha kukula. Sungani mabokosi m'chipinda chowala kwambiri kutentha osachepera + 12-15 ^zaC. Musalole gawo lapansi kuti liume ndi kulipukuta munthawi yake.

Pambuyo pakuwonekera kwa mizu yoyamba, kutsanulira kukonzekera ndi chosakaniza chophatikiza: potaziyamu kloridi (10 g) + ammonium nitrate (10 g) + superphosphate (50 g) + madzi (10 l). Kutsirira kotsatira kumatha "kuthiridwa" ndi phulusa pamlingo wa 1 kapu ya ufa / 10 l wamadzi. Dziwani kuti nthawi yoyamba kuthilira chidebe (malita 10) osakaniza ndi michereyo adapangira 50 makilogalamu a mbatata, ndipo yachiwiri - 80 kg.

Mu gawo lonyowa, mbatata zimapanga bwino mizu ndipo zimamera

Njira imeneyi yophukira mbatata ndiyoothamanga kwambiri, chifukwa masamba ndi mizu amapangika m'masiku 10-12 okha.

Kunja

Mutha kuyamba izi kale kumapeto kwa Epulo - koyambirira kwa Meyi, chisanu chikasungunuka, ndipo kutentha kwa mpweya kudzayikidwa pa +10 ^zaC. Ndondomeko ndi motere:

1. Sankhani malo. Iyenera kukhala youma, ngakhale, yopanda zinyalala komanso yoyaka bwino.
2. Ngati ndi kotheka, kuwaza wosanjikiza (masentimita 5-7) wa manyowa owuma pansi. Ogwira ntchito zamaluwa amakhulupirira kuti izi zimathandizira kumera kwa ma tubers mwachangu.
3. Thirani zosanjikiza (masentimita 7-10) zouma zouma (udzu, utuchi, peat ndichita).
   

   Zimatenga masiku 15-20 kukulira mbatata mu udzu mu mpweya watsopano

4. Ikani mbatata pamwamba m'mizere imodzi kapena iwiri.
5. Valani chovalacho ndi zojambulazo kuti muteteze tubers ku chisanu ndikuwapatsa kutentha kokwanira.

Zimatenga masiku 15-20 kumeretsa mbatata motere. Munthawi imeneyi, yesani kuphukira mbewu kamodzi pa masiku awiri kwa maola awiri, koma makamaka pouma komanso kutentha (osati kutsika kuposa +10 ^zaC) nyengo.

Mukuwala

Iyi ndi imodzi mwanjira zosavuta komanso zotsika mtengo kwambiri zokulitsira ma tubers:

1. Ikani mbatata mumabokosi mu chimodzi kapena ziwiri.
2. Ikani zophimbazo m'chipinda chowala ndi kutentha kwa + 18-20 ^zaC. Ngati kuwala kwa dzuwa kukugwera mbatata, yesani kuwunikira kapena kusunthira mbewu ndi manyuzipepala (koma musaiwale kuzichotsa pamene kuwala kwina kuli kwina).
3. Pambuyo pa masiku 10-12, kutentha m'chipindacho kuyenera kutsitsidwa kuti + 10-14 ^zaC kupewa kuphukira. Ndikofunikira kusunga kutentha mpaka tubers kusunthira kama.

Mchipinda momwe mbatata zimere, pazikhala kuyatsa kofewa

Zimatenga masiku 25-28 kumera tuber mwanjira imeneyi.

Vidiyo: Momwe Mungatulutsire Mbatata

Kuphatikiza Umuna

Njira iyi ndi yoyenera kwa inu ngati mukufuna kubzala mbewu ya mbatata yoyambirira. Zomera zophatikizika zimachitika motere:

1. Ikani ma tubers m'mabokosi mu 1-2 magawo ndi kuyatsa kuzizira (+14 ^zaC) malo masiku 15-20.
2. Kenako ikani timiziridwe timabokosi tokhala ndi tinthu tonyowa (peat, utuchi, humus, ndi zina) muzikhala mu 1-2 ndikusunga kapangidwe ka ntchito pamalo apamwamba kwambiri ^zaC) kutentha kwa sabata imodzi ndi theka. Sikuloledwa kupukusa gawo lapansi.
3. Ma tubers atayamba kupanga mizu, thirirani gawo limodzi ndi michere. Kuphatikizika: ammonium nitrate (30 g) + mchere wa potaziyamu (30 g) + superphosphate (60 g) + madzi (10 l). Pambuyo pa masiku atatu, kuvala pamwamba kumabwerezedwa.

Mbatata zosinthidwa mwanjira imeneyi sizimangokhala mizu ndi mizu, komanso masamba.

Mphukira zophatikizika ndizoyenera kukolola koyambirira

Kuyanika

Njirayi ndi yabwino ngati masiku obzala abwera, ndipo simunathe kuchita bwino kumera. Pamunsi panatentha (kutentha kuyenera kukhala + 22-25 ^zaC) ndi chipinda chowala, ndikumayala filimu yowuma, nsalu kapena pepala (manyuzipepala) ndikuyika timizerezo tosanjikiza chimodzi. Mbatata zimafunika kuzitenthetsa kwa pafupifupi milungu iwiri. Zachidziwikire, sangathe kumera, koma mbewu yake imakhala ndi mpweya wokwanira, ndipo maso ayamba kudzutsidwa, ndipo ma tubers atakhala m'nthaka, mphukira zazing'ono zimapangika mwachangu kwa iwo.

Kuyanika mbatata musanabzale kudzathandiza kuti ma tubers akule mwachangu

Monga mukuwonera, ndikosavuta kubzala mbatata, chinthu chachikulu ndikusankha nthawi yoyenera ndikupereka tubers ndi zofunikira. Tsatirani malangizo onse ndipo mudzapeza zotsatira zomwe mukufuna.