Cherry ndi mkulu zokolola ndi zabwino chisanu kukana - Lyubskaya zosiyanasiyana

Makherisi amalimidwa ndi munthu kwa nthawi yaitali. Panthawiyi, phindu lalikulu lapindula pakukulitsa chipatso chokoma ndi chokoma.

Chofunika kwambiri kwa asayansi-obereketsa potsata chitukuko chodziwika pakati pa anthu ndi mitundu yomwe yakondweretsa bwino mbewu zawo ndi zakudya zawo kwazaka zambiri.

Mmodzi wa mitundu iyi ndi Lubskaya cherry. Pakali pano, wakula ndi wamaluwa m'mayiko ambiri a CIS.

Mbiri yobereketsa ndi dera loswana

Chiyanjano cha mtundu wa chitumbuwa ichi ndi mbiri ya munda m'mbuyomo Soviet Union ndi zomveka bwino.

Zoona zake n'zakuti Lyubskaya ndi wokalamba, wochokera ku Russia, mtundu wa chitumbuwa.

Iye anafera zaka zambiri zapitazo chifukwa cha zomwe amati kutchuka kwa dziko.

Izi ndizo, palibe deta yeniyeni pa chaka ndi malo ochokera kwa chitumbuwa ichi, kapena kuti munthu aliyense wodziwika bwino wolemba, kupatulapo olemba anthu ambiri osadziwika, omwe amadziwika bwino, omwe pang'onopang'ono, chaka ndi chaka, amachititsa kuti zinthu zowonongeka zikhale bwino poyerekeza ndi nyengo yovuta ya ku Russia.

Kulongosola koyambirira kwa sayansi kwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana pakati pa zaka za m'ma 1930 kunapangidwa ndi wasayansi wamkulu wa chilengedwe wa ku Russia, dokotala wa sayansi yaulimi. Nikolai Ivanovich Kichunov (1863-1942).

Iye, makamaka, adanena kuti Lyubskaya kalekale yayambika ndi wamaluwa Kursk Province ndipo apo apo chitumbuwa ichi chimatengedwa kuti ndi chipatso cha m'deralo.

Pambuyo pake, akuluakulu a boma ndi asayansi adasamala kwambiri za zosiyanasiyana, kukoma kwake ndi zida za mankhwala. Pambuyo pa maphunziro angapo obereketsa mu 1947

Lyubskaya anaphatikizidwa mu Register ya United States State Varietal Register.

Panthaŵi imodzimodziyo, mitundu yosiyanasiyana inayamba kufalikira m'minda yamapiri m'madera ambiri a Russian Federation, koma makamaka m'minda Central, Central Black Earth, North-West, Middle Volga, madera a Lower Volga ndi North Caucasus ku Russia.

Wamaluwa amayamikira Lubskaya chitumbuwa zosiyanasiyana zake mochedwa yakucha nthawi, mkulu zokolola ndi zabwino yozizira hardiness.

Lebedyanskaya, Shubinka ndi Generous amatha kulekerera kutentha kwabwino.

Kuwonekera kwa chitumbuwa Lyubskaya

Cherry Lyubskaya ali ndi zotsatira izi mitundu mitundu:

Mtengo

Chomera cha mitundu iyi ndichimodzimodzi ndi chitumbuwa cha bushy. Iye ndi waufupi, wamtali wamkati kwambiri sizinayambe kutambasulidwa mpaka kutalika kwa mamita 2.5. Zitsamba yamatcheri amakhalanso Griot Moscow, Ashinskaya Stepnaya.

The Lubská амбtambe imabisa makungwa a hue-gray brown, omwe nthawi zambiri amatha kuona matanthwe otchulidwa.

Korona, nthambi. Korona wokongola kwambiri nthawi zambiri sichidziwika ndi kuchulukitsitsa kowonjezera. Mu mawonekedwe, ndi ofanana kwambiri ndi mpira.

Zopangidwa ndi, monga lamulo, nthambi zochepa zomwe zimaphika ndi zokhoma, zomwe zimakhala ndi mtundu wofiira ndi zokutira siliva.

Mitundu imeneyi imadziwika ndi kupotoka kwa nthambi zapachaka zapakati pa mtengo waukulu pambali ya madigiri 45.

Akuwombera. Popeza Lubskaya ndi chitsamba chamtchire, ndi nthambi za pachaka zomwe zipatso zake zimapangidwa. Ozungulirawo, akukula pa mphukira, ali ndi khunyu kakang'ono pampando, masambawo amachoka pang'ono kuchokera kuzinthu zomwe zimapanga.

Masamba. Zimakhala zojambulidwa bwino ndi mtundu wobiriwira, wopanda kuwala.

Kawirikawiri tsamba lachikulire, lodziwika ndi mawonekedwe a dzira losakanikirana (dzira losakanikirana) ndi nsonga yachitsulo, imakhala ndi kukula kwa 87 x 50 mm.

Mphepete mwa kapepala ka pepala ndikulumpha. Pansi pa pepala, mitsinje ikuluikulu ya hue yachikasu imasiyanitsa.

Inflorescences Mapaundi a inflorescence ndi 30 mpaka 34 mm. The inflorescence ili ndi 3-4 maluwa ndi awiri a 3-3.5 mm ndi azungu-concave pamakhala, pamwamba pa petals ndi pang'ono corrugated.

Maluwawo amasungidwa pa nthambi pogwiritsa ntchito pedicels 25-30 mm yaitali. Nthawi yamaluwa imatenga masiku 7-9.

Zipatso

Mmodzi mwa mitundu ya chitumbuwa chotchedwa Lyubskaya akulemera pafupifupi magalamu anayi, koma palinso zitsanzo zazikulu komanso zazikulu. Zipatsozi zimayika mu maburashi a 2-4 zipatso, koma zipatso zosakwatiwa si zachilendo. Large zipatso amasonyeza ndi Volochaevka, Lighthouse ndi Podbelskaya.

Mtundu waukulu wa zipatso zakupsa ndi mdima wofiira, chipatso chimadzazidwa ndi thupi lochepa thupi, loyera. Kawirikawiri zipatso zimakhala ndi mawonekedwe ovoid. Nyama ndi yambiri, yowutsa mudyo kwambiri, ikhoza kukhala yofiira komanso yofiira.

Mkati mwa zamkati muli ndi fupa lamphongo, lomwe ndi pafupifupi 6-8% la mimba yonse ya mwanayo. Zipatso molimba (zonse zachinyamata ndi okhwima) zimasungidwa pa nthambi mothandizidwa ndi tsinde, kufika kutalika kwa masentimita atatu.

Kenako, muwona mu chithunzi momwe Lubskaya chitumbuwa zosiyanasiyana amayang'ana ndi kuwerenga ndondomeko yake.

Chithunzi

Makhalidwe osiyanasiyana

Izi zosiyanasiyana ndi wodzikonda chonde zipatso chikhalidwe. Izi zikutanthauza kuti chitumbuwa cha Lubskaya chimamera ndi mungu wake ndipo sichifunikira zina zowonjezera mungu. Zosiyanasiyana za m'badwo womwewo, kukumbukira Enikeeva ndi Volochaevka amakhalanso ndi chonde.

Chifukwa cha malo amenewa, wolima munda sangayambe kutentha nyengo ya maluwa, pomwe, chifukwa cha chisanu chosadabwitsa, njuchi zimakhalabe mumng'oma mwawo ndipo salowerera nawo pollination.

Mlimi amene amamera mtengo uwu m'nyengo yoziziritsa ya ku Russian sangathe kuziganizira kwambiri pazifukwa zina.

Lyubskaya ndi chomera pakati pachimake, choncho chisanu chomwe chinatha mpaka masika sichikhudza kwambiri ubwino wa ovary.

Choncho, iwo omwe amalima chitumbuwachi, asakhalebe mbewu, ngakhale pamene chilengedwe sichilola kulolera ku maluwa oyambirira.

Pa nthawi yomweyo, chitumbuwa ichi ndi skoroplodnaya. Zipatso ndi kucha kumapeto kwa July - kumayambiriro kwa mwezi wa August.Chizindikiro chomwecho chili ndi Ashinskaya Stepnaya.

Pa nthawi yomweyi, ngati zofunikira zonse za agrotechnical zowonongeka bwino zamasamba, mtengo waukulu ukhoza kupereka mu nyengo imodzi zipatso zopitirira 35 makilogalamu apamwamba. Ndipo izo zimayamba kukhala zipatso zonse kuchokera mu msinkhu 2-3 patapita zaka.

Pakalipano, khalidwe limodzi labwino - kuthekera kubereka zokolola zabwino - limaphatikizapo wina, koma ndi chizindikiro chochepa.

Chifukwa cha kutopa kwa mtengo, mphamvu zomwe zimawonongeka pa zokolola zochititsa chidwi, Lubskaya cherry sizithera kwambiri.

Zokolola zoterezi zikuwonetsedwa ndi mitundu monga Ural Rubinovaya, Nadezhda, Mayak ndi Tamaris.

Kulolera pa chizindikiro ichi kwa mitundu yambiri, mtengo wa mitundu iyi pafupifupi anthu odwala pafupifupi zaka 14-17, ndipo zinthu zokhazo zingathe kuwonjezera moyo wake kufikira zaka 25-30.

Iye ali ndi vuto lina, lomwe liyenera kumvetsera mwatcheru. Ngakhale kuti Lubskaya amasiyana kwambiri zabwino chisanu kukana, "zofooka" zake m'nyengo yozizira ndi makungwa a mitengo.

Mitundu ngati Lebedyanskaya, Volochaevka, ndi Chokoladnitsa sizoipa chifukwa cha nyengo yozizira.

Izi ndizofunika makamaka pamitengo yaing'ono, yozizira kwambiri ya makungwa omwe ali kale zaka zoyambirira za moyo ingayambitse kupsa mtima kwakukulu komanso ngakhale imfa ya munthu aliyense.

Zokhudzana ndi zokoma-zokoma za chitumbuwa ichi, malingaliro a akatswiri pano akusiyana. Ena amawona kukoma kwa zipatso zokoma ndi zowawa kuti zikhale zosangalatsa, zotsitsimula kwambiri, ena amazitcha kuti zimakhala zabwino kwambiri.

Mwina ndizo chifukwa cha zochitika ziwiri zomwe zokolola za Lyubskaya zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pokonza - kupanga mapulogalamu osiyanasiyana, compotes, jams, amateteza.

Komabe, ziyenera kuvomereza kuti yamatcheri a zosiyanasiyana, monga zipatso za mtundu wina wa chitumbuwa, ndi othandiza kwambiri chifukwa cha mavitamini ambiri omwe ali nawo komanso mlingo wa shuga ndi organic acids.

Pazigawo za pakatikati pa Russia, zidazi ndizo:

Kubzala ndi kusamalira

Kawirikawiri m'mayamayi mungathe kugula mbande ali ndi zaka chimodzi. Nyama zazing'ono kumunda kumayambiriro kwa kasupe m'dera lotseguka, lomwe limawala tsiku lonse ndi dzuwa.

Ndikofunika kuti malo oterewa apite mchenga, mchenga kapena loamy nthaka.

Ndikofunikanso kuti madzi apansi asayandikire padziko lapansi pano, zomwe zingawononge mizu.

Pakati pa mphukira ya mmera ndikofunikira kudula nsonga. Pambuyo pa kudulira koyamba pazu muzuwo ukhalebe osapitirira theka la mita.

Mapangidwe oterowo adzalimbikitsa kukula kwa mtengo, osati mmwamba, koma m'lifupi.

Kukonzekera kotere kwa korona kumathandiza pa zifukwa zosiyanasiyana, kuphatikizapo ndibwino kwambiri kukolola mwamsanga.

Kawirikawiri kubzala chitumbuwa mbande kukumba dzenje 50-60 masentimita awiri ndi 40-60 masentimita.

Dziko lapansi linatengedwa ndi kukumba, kuphatikizapo organic ndi mineral feteleza. Zotsatirazi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito poonjezera mizu ya mtengo.

Pambuyo pa mbeuyi imayikidwa mu dzenje, ndipo muzu wake uli ndi dziko lapansi, dera lozungulira thunthu la munthu wobzalidwa ndi chimbudzi cha 30-40 masentimita amatsata mosamala ndi mapazi kapena njira zosapangidwira.

Malo oti afike kuthirira ndi ndowa 2-3 za madzi olekana. Lembani malo ochepa omwe akugwedeza nthaka mulch utuchi ndi humus, wosanjikiza omwe ayenera kukhala 2-3 masentimita.

Tiyenera kuzindikira kuti zosiyanasiyana Lyubskaya chodabwitsa kwambiri za khalidwe la nthaka. Zaka zonse zotsatira za moyo wa mtengo ayenera kumupatsa chakudya chokwanira.

Makamaka zabwino izi zosiyanasiyana amachitira zovala za mchere m'chaka. Kuthira mtengo nthawi zonse kumafunika.

Ndifunikanso kuti nthawi zonse aziwunika momwe korona yake ikuyendera. Ngakhale kuti korona wa Lubskoy nthawi zambiri kwambiri, Musalole kulamulira kwa nthambi zowuma ndi zopitirira.

Matenda ndi tizirombo

Lyubskaya, monga zomera zina za chikhalidwe ichi, zomwe zimafala pakatikati pa Russia, m'nyengo yozizira zikhoza kuwonetsedwa ndi zida za njala.

Pa matenda omwe mitengo yamtengo wapatali yamakono imakonda, choopsa kwambiri ku Lubskaya ndi fungal matenda coccomycosis.

Kumenyana ndi chomeracho, chimayambitsa matendawa - bowa la Sossomuse s hiemalis - limadziwonekera lofiira mawanga pamasamba ndi kugwa kwawo kwakukulu komanso molawirira.

Popanda chinthu chofunikira kwambiri pa moyo wanu, monga masamba, chomera mwamsanga chimachepa ndipo pakapita kanthawi chikhoza kufa ngati simutayambe mankhwala.

Icho chimapangidwira processing mitengo nthambi fungicides.

Kuchiza ndi chinthu ichi ndi katatu pa nyengo: Nthawi yoyamba - kumapeto kwa mphukira, nthawi yachiwiri - nthawi ya maluwa, nthawi yachitatu - masabata awiri kapena atatu mutatha maluwa.

Pali mitundu yamatcheri, makamaka osagonjetsedwa ndi matenda a fungal. Monga Novella, Mwa kukumbukira Vavilov, Tsarevna, Podbelskaya, mwachitsanzo.

Choncho, musanafike pa tebulo kapena pani kuti mupange kupanikizana, chitumbuwa chiyenera kudutsa m'manja osamalira munda. Manjawa, komanso kudziwa zida zenizeni zaulimi zaulimi ndi zochitika zimapereka zotsatira zabwino kwambiri.