Mtengo wa apulo, ngati mtengo uliwonse wa zipatso, umakondedwa ndi tizirombo ta m'munda ndipo, motero, umakhala ndi matenda osiyanasiyana. Timatsimikiza kuti kusamalidwa n'kofunika kuti tipeze zokolola zabwino. Iyenera kukhala yoyenera ndi yolondola, osati kamodzi pachaka. Kugwira ntchito ndi chithandizo cha maapulo kumapeto kwa autumn ku matenda osiyanasiyana ndi tizirombo.
Kusankhidwa ndi nthawi
Malinga ndi zomwe zimachitika zaka zambiri, alimi odziwa bwino ntchito alemba kalendala, chifukwa aliyense angadziwe nthawi ndi mtundu wanji wa kukonza, chifukwa maapulo ali pangozi.
Ambiri mwa matendawa amavumbulutsidwa panthawi ya fruiting, pamene zipatso zosabzalidwa zimayamba kuvunda ndi kutha. Choncho, kugwa kwa m'dzinja kwa zipatso za apulo kumanyamula ndi ntchito yoteteza: ndiko kuti, tizirombo zomwe sizinafe mu kugwa zidzawonongedwa kumapeto kwa nyengo.
Ndikofunikira! Kuteteza mitengo nthawi ya kucha kucha sikuletsedwa.
Mwezi wabwino kwambiri ndi mwezi wa November, kukonzekera kumayambiriro kwa autumn kungachititse kuti chikasu ndi kutuluka kwa masamba, komanso choipitsitsa - kuwotcha masamba, omwe amadzala ndi imfa ya mitengo kuchokera ku chisanu. 
Ngati ntchitoyi ikuchitika molondola, zotsatira zake zidzawonekera chaka chamawa - mundawo udzakondwera ndi zochuluka za fruiting. Kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa kumachitika nyengo youma. Ndikofunikira kuti musanayambe njirayi, dera lanu liyeretsedwe ku masamba ndi zinyalala.
Kodi muyenera kuchita chiyani?
Podziwa kuti kusungidwa kwa mvula kumathandiza kuchepetsa matenda ndi kubereka tizilombo pamitengo yachisanu, komanso kuwononga omwe adabisala mumphepete mwachisawawa, funso limayambira pa zomwe zingatheke ndi zipatso za apulo m'dzinja. Taganizirani zina mwa mankhwalawa.
Mwinamwake mukukhala ndi chidwi chophunzira zambiri za kubzala, kudulira ndi kusamalira mtengo wa apulo mu kugwa.
Iron vitriol
Iron sulphate ndi njira yomwe ingatheke kukonzanso fruiting, ngati chomera chikugwiritsidwa ntchito m'chaka, komanso kubwezeretsanso munda wakale, ngati izi zikuchitika m'dzinja.
Zimathandiza mitengo kuti ipulumutsidwe ndi kuzizira ndipo imachitika pambuyo pa masamba. Iron sulphate ndi chida choyesedwa nthawi ndipo chimakhala chotsika mtengo.
Mankhwalawa amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuteteza munda kuchokera ku septoria, nkhanambo ndi khansa yakuda - matenda omwe mbewu zambewu zimayambira. M'dzinja, timagwiritsa ntchito 5% ya ferrous sulphate, ndipo m'chaka ndi 1% yokha. 
Ntchito zotetezera zimapitirira kwa masiku 14 chifukwa chinthucho chimapangidwira mumlengalenga ndipo chimatayika. Kupanga kupopera mbewu, 5% amapangidwanso (450 gm ya ufa pa malita 10 a madzi) pa mlingo wa malita 15 pa malo mazana ambiri a mankhwala.
Mavitriol sagwiritsidwa ntchito pa tsamba la masamba obiriwira, njirayi imakhala ndi mphamvu yowonongeka ya sing'anga, motero imayambitsa kuyaka. Kusunga mankhwala kungakhale yaitali mu chidebe chatsekedwa, chifukwa ndi choyerekeza.
Mukudziwa? Ndikofunika kudziwa momwe mungayesere njira ya vitriol 2%: tengani 0.5 tbsp. supuni za ufa ndi madzi okwanira 1 litre, kuphatikiza ndi kupeza zoyenera.
Ferrous sulphate sizitetezedwa ku zisautso 100%, chifukwa njira yothetsera vuto silingathe kufika pamalo osapezeka kumene spores ndi mosses zikupitirirabe. Anakumana wamaluwa kulima munda mu kugwa ndi chitsulo sulfate ndipo m'chaka ndi mkuwa, zomwe zimapereka zotsatira zabwino.
Mkuwa wa sulfate
Thupili ndi fungicide yachitetezo ndipo sichichita chilichonse chochiritsira. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuchepetsa kufalikira kwa bowa mu mbewu za zipatso.
Ngati nkhungu za fungalini zimalowa m'magulu a masamba ndi zipatso, mankhwalawa sangawapulumutse, choncho kupweteka kwa m'munda kumathandiza kwambiri. Pansi pa mkuwa, chomwe chiri chogwira ntchito cha wothandizila, spores ya bowa sangathe kumera ndikufa.
Ndipo ngati spores ayamba kale kupanga bowa, n'zosatheka kuwaononga, chifukwa njirayi salowerera mu chomera, koma chitukuko cha mycelium chimasiya.
Kukonzekera mosamala kuyenera kuchitidwa pa kugwirizana kwa chigoba nthambi ndi thunthu. Copper sulphate imagwiritsidwa ntchito pokha pokha komanso ndi zina. Pofuna kukonzekera, pali malamulo osavuta:
- kugwiritsa ntchito glassware;
- Mankhwalawa amasungunuka mosagwiritsa ntchito madzi otentha;
- yankho liyenera kusankhidwa kuti lipewe ziphuphu;
- Kusakaniza kuyenera kukonzekera ndi magolovesi ndikugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa maola 10.
Apple mtengo processing ndi mkuwa sulfate amateteza mitengo kuchokera phyllossticosis, nkhanambo, moniliasis. Kupopera mbewu kumaphatikizapo m'mawa kapena madzulo nyengo yabwino.Urea
Ngati mtengo umakhala ndi matenda a fungus, funso la momwe mungaperekere mtengo wa apulo mutagonjera zoipa izi, yankho ndilofala kwambiri - mankhwala okhudza urea.
Kupopera mankhwalawa kungapangidwe pambuyo pa 50% ya masamba atagwa kuchokera ku mitengo. ndi mchere wokwana 5% (500 magalamu pa 1 lita imodzi). Pofuna kupopera mankhwala, kupopera mbewu kumaphatikizapo kumapeto kwa autumn pamtengo wopanda mtengo, kukhala ndi njira yothetsera vutoli mpaka 10% (100 magalamu pa 1 lita imodzi).
Timagwira ntchito yokha osati mtengo wokha, komanso padziko lapansi, pogwiritsa ntchito urea kwa zolinga ziwiri kamodzi: fungicide ndi feteleza. Njira yothetsera vutoli siingagwiritsidwe ntchito pa masamba - idzawotcha ndi kugwa msanga, osasiya zakudyazo ku mtengo, ndipo izi zikhoza kuwonetsa kukana kwa mbeu mu chimfine. 
Lime
Kutsekemera kwa mitengo yomwe ili ndi kukonzekera nthawi zonse sikukongoletsa zokha, komanso kumateteza makungwa a zomera kuchokera ku zinthu zovuta:
- Zimateteza kutentha pamene masamba omwe amateteza ku dzuwa salipobe;
- zimateteza kusinthasintha kwa kutentha ndipo, motero, zimathandiza kuteteza khungwa m'nyengo yozizira;
- Ndilo cholepheretsa ku tizirombo zosiyanasiyana m'nyengo yozizira.
Olima munda omwe ali ndi chidziwitso amalangiza mitengo ya mandimu katatu pa chaka. Mtoto woyera umasonyeza kuwala kwa dzuŵa, ndipo thunthu silikhala ndi nthawi yotentha, koma nkofunikira kuchita izi molondola.
Olima munda amalimbikitsa kuti thunthu lonselo likhale ndi nthambi za m'munsi kuti zikhale ndi theka la kutalika kwa nyengo yowuma ndi yamtendere, kotero kuti laimu likhoza kupeza malo ndi kuwuma pamtengo. 
Ndikofunikira! Kuti mumve bwino njira yothetsera mtengo wa mtengo, m'pofunika kuwonjezera dongo, kusamba sopo, kumangiriza.Kuchita bwino kwa njirayi, nkofunikira kuti:
- Chosakaniza chosakanizidwa sichinali chobiriwira, monga padzakhala ming'alu, osati madzi, mwinamwake yankho lidzatuluka mu mbiya;
- mtundu woyera - chiwonetsero cha kusinkhasinkha kwa dzuwa;
- kotero kuti mvula sichitsuka zoyera, kukhalapo kwa guluu mu njirayi ndikofunikira;
- Mitengo ikuluikulu yomwe imafunika kuti ikhale yoyera, kusakaniza kwasakaniza kukhale kosachepera kwa zomera zazikulu;
- thunthu la mtengo liyenera kuchotsedwa, lakumwa lakufa lichotsedwe ndi kusatetezedwa ndi disinfected ndi njira ya sopo ndi sopo.
Munda wamaluwa
Mthunzi wa munda ndi chida chodziŵika bwino chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito pochidula zazikulu kudulidwa kwa nthambi ndikuphimba mabala pa mitengo kuti ateteze ku tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, bowa ndi kutaya mtengo.
Ndi imodzi mwa njira zabwino kwambiri komanso zothandiza kwambiri za mankhwala a m'munda: mukhoza kugula mipiringidzo yokonzedwa bwino, kapena mukhoza kuphika nokha. Ubwino wa chida ichi ndi:
- Kukonzekera ndi kugwiritsa ntchito pamwamba.
- Zabwino zimakhala zovuta ndipo sizingagwe kugwiritsidwa ntchito.
- Amakhalabe ndi chinyezi ndipo amaletsa mabala kuumitsa.
Maziko a msilikali wam'munda atenga zinthu izi:
- Zotulutsa njuchi - phula, sera.
- Mafuta omwe amadyedwa - mafuta ophikira osiyanasiyana, mafuta onunkhira.
- Mitundu yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito mu ulimi ndi phulusa kuchokera ku mpesa, heteroauxin.
Mukudziwa? Pofuna kuthamanga machiritso a mabala, muyenera kuwonjezera pa wothirira munda, pamene ali okonzeka, mapiritsi a heteroauxin mu chiŵerengero: kilogalamu ya chisakanizo - piritsi limodzi.
Anamaliza mankhwala osokoneza bongo
Mtengo wa apulo, kuphatikizapo zinthu zomwe zili pamwambapa, zingatetezedwe ndi zakumwa zakuthupi, choncho aliyense angathe kusankha momwe angagwiritsire ntchito mitengoyo kugwa, malingana ndi nthawi ndi ndalama.
Imodzi mwa mankhwala otchuka kwambiri ndi Insecticide Drug 30+. Ndilimbana ndi nsabwe za m'masamba, njenjete, whitefly ndi zina zambiri tizirombo. Chidachi chimadulidwa m'madzi mwa chiŵerengero cha 1:50 ndipo mbiya imatengedwera ndi zotsatira zake.
Zotsatira zake, filimu imawonekera pa makungwa, omwe amatsogolera ku imfa ya tizilombo tonse ovulaza. Zotsatira zabwino zikuwonetsedwanso ndi Entobacterin, yomwe imathandiza kulimbana ndi nthenda yambiri ya tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.
Kuphatikiza kwakukulu ndikuti mankhwala samakhudza tizilombo tothandiza. Chodziwika ndi chakuti chimagwiritsidwa ntchito pa tsiku lofunda komanso lotentha: m'mikhalidwe yotereyi, zotsatira zabwino zidzawonekera kwambiri. 
Nanga kupatula ntchito?
Kusamalira mitengo ya apulo mu kugwa kumakhalanso kudulira ndi kuyeretsa thunthu, komanso kulamulira tizilombo.
Kukonza ndi kuyeretsa thunthu
Kuti muchite izi, yesetsani kuyang'anitsitsa ndipo mutatha kupezeka matenda, zonse zimachotsedweratu, pamapeto pake pamakhala mankhwala amkuwa ndi sulphate kapena laimu.
Njira zoterezi zimapanga malo odziwika ndi mazira, moss kapena bowa, zomwe zimakhalanso ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Kutupa koyera kumagwiritsidwa ntchito pambuyo pochepetsa zonsezi. Mothandizidwa ndi mandimu kuteteza mtengo ku zowawa za dzuwa ndi chisanu.
Kudyetsa kwadzinja
Ndimagwiritsabe ntchito kudyetsa nthawi yopuma. Alimi ena amaganiza kuti kudyetsa mitengo ya apulo mu kugwa sikofunika, popeza mbewu yayamba kale kukolola ndipo kukula kwachepa. Komabe, wina ayenera kukhalabe ndi cholinga chokhazikitsa mtengo patsogolo pa nyengo yozizira.
Manyowa amagwiritsidwa ntchito kumayambiriro kwa autumn - awa akhoza kukhala feteleza a potashi, amakhala ndi phindu pa kukula. Mukhozanso kudyetsa munda ndi ammonium sulphate, yomwe idzawonjezera kukula kwa mbewu. Chomera chotere cha m'munda chidzabweretsa zotsatira zokhazokha. 
Monga momwe mukuonera, pali mankhwala ambiri, kotero kuti aliyense akhoza kusankha yekha woyenera, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti chaka chamawa mtengo wa apulo udzakondweretsa iwe ndi zokolola zabwino.
