Knifofiya (Kniphofia) ndi udzu wofulumira wa banja la Asphodel. Mu vivo amakula ku Madagascar ndi Africa. Mitundu imakhala ndi mitundu 75. Mitundu yawo yophulidwa imalimidwa m'mundamo. Woyamba kufotokoza chomera cham'mimba anali botanist I.I. Kniphof. Knifophies ndi thermophilic, chifukwa chake amakula bwino kum'mwera.
Kufotokozera kwa knifofiya
Kniphofia ali ndi izi:
- kutalika - kuchokera 1 mpaka 3 m;
- inflorescence ya spike yomwe imasonkhanitsidwa kuchokera ku maluwa yaying'ono;
- corolla perianth;
- atatu-ovary ovary.
M'mawonekedwe, chipatsocho ndi bokosi. Maluwa amakhala pamwamba pa tsinde. Ndikofunikanso kuzindikira kukhalapo kwa stamens zisanu ndi chimodzi ndi syncarpous gynoecium yopangidwa ndi ma carpels atatu. Mapiri amayikidwa pakati pa zisa. Kupanga timadzi tokoma kumachitika kudzera pa tulu, komwe kumapeto kwa mzati. 
Kujambula inflorescence ndi masamba
Mtundu wa inflorescence ndi masamba ndi wosiyana. Nthawi yamaluwa imayamba mu Julayi. Akamaliza, mtengowo umakhala wokongoletsa, womwe umapitilira mpaka m'dzinja.
Mitundu yonse ndi osatha. Knifofiya mawonekedwe ake amafanana ndi lupine. Maluwa ake owoneka bwino amaonekedwe okongola.
Knifofiya: mitundu ndi mitundu
Maluwa amakongoletsa mundawo nthawi yonseyi yokulira. Kupeza malo awo ndikosavuta. Amabzala m'minda yamiyala ndi m'minda yosiyanasiyana ya maluwa.
Kniphofia amasiyana pamitundu iwiri. Tsitsi limasintha pang'onopang'ono. Nthawi yamaluwa imadalira kwambiri nyengo. M'malo otentha, ma inflorescence owala amakongoletsa mabedi a maluwa kuyambira Juni mpaka September.
Mitundu ya mipangidwe yamtengo wapatali mu munda:
| Onani | Kufotokozera, mitundu, mtundu wa inflorescence |
| Tukka | Kukana kutentha pang'ono. Kutalika kwa tchire ndi inflorescence ndi ofanana ndi 0,8 m ndi 15 cm, motsatana. Zimasiyana mgulu lofiirira lofiirira. Daluwa mwezi wonse (Julayi-Ogasiti). |
| Zophatikiza | Anatengedwa pamaziko a mabulosi kniphofia. Amadziwika ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana. Msinkhu - kuchokera 60 mpaka 100 cm.
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| Berry | Masamba ambiri obiriwira obiriwira, okhala ndi maluwa nthawi yayitali (miyezi iwiri), yomwe imayamba pakati pa chilimwe. Ma inflorescence ndi mawonekedwe ofanana.
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| Shaggy | Pamaso pake pali masamba. Mawonekedwe a inflorescences ndi conical. Maluwa amitundu iwiri: achikasu pansipa, ofiira ofiira pamwambapa. Kutalika kwa maluwa - 3 cm. |
| Isostolic | Masamba otambalala, maluwa ooneka ngati mabowo omwe amaphulika kuyambira pamwamba mpaka pansi. Kutalika kwa Peduncle kuchokera pa 60 mpaka 100 cm. |
| Ziyeretsa | Titha kukhala ndi zimayambira zingapo. Masamba ndi obiriwira komanso obiriwira. Masamba ndi owongoka, oyera ngati oyera. Ma inflorescence nthawi ya maluwa amawongoleredwa m'njira zosiyanasiyana. |
| Oyambirira | Amatha kukula m'malo omata. Utali usapitirire 1.5 m.Yimachita pachimake pachilimwe. |
Kubzala knifofiya poyera, chisamaliro chowonjezereka
Zomera zoterezi sizikulimbikitsidwa kuti zibzalidwe m'malo otetezeka komanso m'malo otsika.
Kupanda kutero, inflorescence ndi masamba sizikhala zowala pang'ono, kukula kwawo kumachepa kwambiri. Knifofii ayenera kutetezedwa ku zolemba. Samaloleza kusayenda kwa madzi.
Asanabzala, dothi liyenera kumasulidwa ndikuthira manyowa. Kuzama kwake kumatsimikiziridwa kutengera kutalika kwa mbewu. Choyamba, dothi lokwanira limayikidwa mu dzenje, kenako dothi lokonzedwa kale limayambitsidwa.
Kuti lizilimbitsa bwino, miyala imayikidwa pafupi ndi malo omwe adakutidwa ndi zinthu zakuda. Kukula kwawo kumasiyanasiyana.
Kniphofia ndizosatha zomwe sizigwirizana ndikusowa chinyezi. Chifukwa chake, sikofunikira pa kuthirira. Chifukwa cha izi, duwa limabzalidwa m'malo omwe ali ndi njira yabwino yoyesera.
Feteleza zimagwiritsidwa ntchito m'magawo angapo. Chovala choyambirira chapamwamba chimachitika nthawi yoyamba masamba atawonekera, chifukwa chofunikira chachiwiri ndicho kutsiriza kwa maluwa.
Mndandanda wa feteleza wogwiritsidwa ntchito:
- zosakaniza zomwe zimakhala ndi nayitrogeni;
- peat;
- phulusa;
- kompositi
- humus.
Gawo lina lokakamiza ndikudula. Imachitika mchaka. Ngati mbewu idasesa poyera, pokhapokha mutachotsa pobisalira. Zowonongeka, zachikasu komanso zowuma kwambiri za knizofia zimatha kuchotsedwa. Mbewu zocha m'mabokosi sizothandiza.
Zomera zokhala ndi hardiness yozizira (Tukka) zimatha kukhala panthaka panthawi yozizira kumadera monga Chigawo cha Moscow komanso mzere wapakati wa Russia. koma ngakhale pankhaniyi amafunika kuphimbidwa ndi filimu yapadera, nthambi za masamba ndi masamba.
Kukhalapo kwa mabowo a mpweya wabwino ndikofunikira. Ngati danga loteteza limayendetsedwa molondola, duwa limatha kukhala ndi kutentha kwa -15 ° C. Kuphika nyengo yachisanu kunyumba ndizofunikira kwambiri pamitundu yambiri ya kniphofia. Chipindacho sichikhala choposa +8 ° ะก.
Kulima ndi kufalitsa ma knifofiya
Zomera zatsopano zimapezeka ndi njira zolerera komanso kubereka. Mukamasankha chomaliza, mbewu zimagwiritsidwa ntchito. Zinthu zodzala ziyenera kugulidwa m'masitolo apadera. Kufunika kwa izi ndi chifukwa cha kuchuluka kosakwanira masiku ofatsa. Ntchito zokulira mbande za mbewu ndi yolimba.
Kubzala kumachitika mu theka lachiwiri la Marichi. Kuchulukitsa kumera, bokosilo limakutidwa ndi galasi kapena filimu kwa masabata awiri. Wobiriwira ayenera kuchotsera mpweya wabwino, ndipo nthaka nthawi zonse imanyowa.
Pambuyo zikamera, mbande zimayamba kukhwimitsa kutentha firiji. Kufunika kokuta kumachitika masamba awiri atapangidwa pa tsinde. Tikukula poyera malo akuchitika mkati mwa chilimwe. Kutulutsa kosatha kwa nyengo yachitatu yokha.
Njira yobala zipatso imakhala yogawa matumba a ana aakazi. Oyenera izi tchuthi zaka zitatu. Magawo omwe amachokera amathandizidwa ndi makala. Zotsatira zake zimabzala zitsime. Mbande zimafunikira kusinthika kwakanthawi. Potere, kniphofia pachimake patatha chaka chodzala.
Tizilombo ndi matenda a knizofia
Maluwa omwe akukula m'mundawo amatha kukhudzidwa ndi zowola. Chomwe chimapangitsa maonekedwe ake ndi chinyezi chambiri komanso kuchuluka kwa dothi.
Ngati pali zizindikiro za matendawa, ndikofunikira kuchotsa mbali zowonongeka za chomera. Kuti tichite izi, tiyenera kukumba ndi kukonzedwa bwino. Mukamaliza kutchire muyenera kupita ku tsamba lina.
Kuukira kwa tizilombo ndi kotheka. Pakati pawo, nthata ndi ma spider ndizodziwika. Kuti athetse maziko owonongeka, knifofia amathandizidwa ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo. Popewa matenda, manyowa obiriwira komanso zitsamba zonunkhira obzala amabzala. Ngati wokonza dimba agwirizana ndi malamulo ndi chisamaliro chonse, chiopsezo chotenga matenda a maluwa ndi chochepa.
A Dachnik akuvomereza: knifofiya pakupanga mawonekedwe
Mitundu yayitali imagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga maziko. Zomera zomwe zimabzalidwe kuseri kwa maluwa otsika. Kniphofia, yodziwika ndi kukula kakang'ono, imakhala chokongoletsera cha rockeries ndi alpine slides.
Chifukwa cha mithunzi yosiyanasiyana, mitundu yosakanikirana, kusowa kwa zovuta pakubzala ndi chisamaliro, mawonekedwe omalizidwa adzakondwera kwa nthawi yayitali ndi kukongoletsa kwake. Mndandanda wa oyandikana nawo oyenera amaphatikizapo ndevu zam'mutu, rudbeckia, ripsalis, santolines, eremurus.
