Dutch Strawberry Development Technology for Starters

Ukadaulo wachi Dutch umaphatikizapo zipatso zamtunduwu chaka chonse. Kudziwa zoyambira za njirayi ndikuisintha malinga ndi kuthekera kwanu, mutha kuyambitsa bizinesi yopindulitsa kapena kupatsa banja lanu zipatso zabwino ngakhale nthawi yozizira.

Momwe mungakulire mabulosi aku Holland

Pakulima kwa chaka chonse pamakampani ogulitsa, mwachidziwikire, nyumba zobiriwira zimagwiritsidwa ntchito. Amakhala ndi microclimate yabwino kwa sitiroberi. Kuyambira nthawi yophukira mpaka masika, masana amawakulitsa. Njira yothirira madontho yaikidwapo, njira zothetsera michere zimaperekedwa kudzera mwa iwo. Mitundu yopindulitsa ndi yowoneka bwino yokhala ndi zipatso zotsika mtengo imasankhidwa. Komabe, izi sizokwanira.

Mfundo zazikulu zaukadaulo wa Chidatchi ndi sitiroberi chaka chonse

Mbali yachilengedwe ya chikhalidwe ichi ndikuti ibala zipatso kamodzi pachaka, kukonza mitundu - katatu. Mutatha kuphukira, maluwa a mbewu yatsopanoyo amayikidwa ndipo nthawi yonse imayamba. Alimi achi Dutch omwe akupanga ndalama zogulitsa mabulosi samatha kudikirira kukolola. Amafunikira ndalama mosalekeza, zomwe zikutanthauza zipatso. Chifukwa chake, miyezi 1.5 iliyonse yobzala yatsopano idabzalidwe, mwanjira yoti mbewu zimayamba kubzala nthawi yomwe zipatso zomaliza zayamba kale kukolola kuchokera ku zoyambilazo. Tchire lachiwuno limachotsedwa mwankhanza.

Mtengo wa sitiroberi za nyengo yopanda, makamaka maholide, umawonjezeka ndi 8-10. Ngakhale kuti chilimwe sichikhala chotsika mtengo.

Kanema: Kubzala msipu kwa chaka chonse sitiroberi

Momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito ukadaulo wachi Dutch

Tsopano, podziwa zoyambira zaukadaulo wa Chidatchi, tiyesera kuzikwaniritsa mu zinthu wamba za Russia. Kuphatikiza pa kufunitsitsa kugwira ntchito ndi nthaka ngakhale nthawi yozizira, mudzafunika: chipinda, muli zodzala, mbande za mitundu yomwe mukufuna, nthaka ndi feteleza. Kuphatikiza apo, ndalama zanu zamagetsi ndi madzi zidzachuluka.

Chipinda chokulira cha Strawberry

Funso loyamba lomwe limakhudza alimi onse a novice: komwe angayikemo nyengo yachisanu kapena yobzala chaka chonse. Ngati palibe wowonjezera kutentha, sankhani ngodya m'chipindacho kapena chipinda chonsecho, pani khonde kapena khonde. M'nyumba zam'mayiko, mobisa, ma attic, ndi ma sheds nthawi zambiri amakhala opanda ntchito. Zonsezi, ngati zingafunike, zitha kusinthidwa kukhala famu ya Dutch sitiroberi. Komanso, kusowa kwa windows sikuyenera kukuvutitsani. Zing'onozing'ono zomwe zimakhala, zimakhala zotentha nthawi yachisanu, ndipo ngati kuwala kwachilengedwe, sikokwanira mu dzinja ngakhale m'munda wozizira wokhala ndi mawindo okhala pansi. Chifukwa chake, ziribe kanthu zomwe mungasankhe: khonde lowoneka bwino kapena chapansi, kulikonse kuyambira nthawi yophukira mpaka masika, kuyatsa kwofunikira ndikofunikira.

Strawberry akhoza kubzala osati mu greenhouse, komanso kunyumba, pawindo

Mikhalidwe yabwino pachikhalidwe ichi

Kuti tchire likule, pachimake ndi kupereka zipatso zazikulu ndi zokhwima, ndikofunikira kuti pakhale zovuta ngati sitiroberi.

1. Kutentha: + 18 ... +25 ⁰C, pa maluwa akuyenera kuchepetsedwa kukhala + 20 ... +21 ⁰C. Pansi pa +12 ⁰C ndi pamwamba pa +35 ⁰C - kutentha kovuta, chitukuko cha sitiroberi chimachepetsa kapena kuyimitsa, zomwe zimakhudza zokolola.
2. Chinyezi: 70-80%. Mpweya wouma uyenera kukhala wothinitsidwa ndi sprayer kapena poika zotengera ndi madzi. Chinyezi chachikulu chimachotsedwa ndi mpweya wabwino. Chifukwa chake, mpweya wabwino wanu sitiroberi ndiyofunika.
3. Mlingo wa kaboni dayokisi ndi 0,1% kapena 1mph. Popanda izi, sipadzakhalanso photosynthesis, ndiye kuti, zakudya. Zomera zimayamwa kaboni dayokiti ndi madzi, zimasandutsa zinthu zachilengedwe ndi mpweya wothandizidwa ndi kuwala. Pali ma sensors ndi carbon dioxide level. Mutha kuchepetsa zomwe zili mu CO2 ndi mpweya wabwino, ndikuwonjezera ndikuwonjezera utsi, mwachitsanzo, kuchokera wowotcha mafuta, makandulo, owiritsa magetsi, ndi zina zambiri.
4. Zowunikira ziyenera kufanana ndi dzuwa. Olima m'masiku ano atha kusiya kale ma incandescent, fluorescent, masana, ndikugula ma phytolamp apadera okhala ndi mawonekedwe owoneka ndi buluu, omwe amagulitsidwa mwaulere m'misika yogulitsa maluwa. Mukamasankha phytolamp, lingalirani kuchuluka kwa malo omwe angaunikire. Pali mitundu yoyatsa nyali ndi kuwunikira malo (poto umodzi), komanso kusinthitsa kwamphesiyo kwa dzuwa lonse, malo oyenera, ma phytopanel aluso ndi nyali zazikulupo zazikulu zidzafunika. Kuti muunike bwino, gwiritsani ntchito zojambulazo ndi zina zowala.
5. Kutalika kwa tsiku lomwe sitiroberi limaphuka ndi kubala zipatso ndi maola 12-16. M'mikhalidwe yachilengedwe, sitiroberi limamera mu June, pomwe dzuwa limabisala maola 7-8 okha patsiku. Kutalika kwa tsikulo, maluwa ndi zipatso mwachangu zidzawonekera.
6. Polloll ndilofunika mtundu uliwonse wa sitiroberi. Duwa lirilonse limakhala ndi pestle ndi stamens, koma mungu samapititsa kwa pestle pawokha, wina amayenera kuusintha. Pa famu yaying'ono yama tchire angapo, ndikosavuta kuchita kupukutira kwa manja. M'makomo akuluakulu obiriwira, ming'oma imakhazikitsidwa, ma bumblebe amatuluka. Mu sitiroberi ya kukula kwapakatikati, mutha kuyika fanizi ndikugwiritsa ntchito kuti mupange mphepo yokumba.
7. Njira yothirira. Itha kuthiriridwa pamadzi, m'malo ambiri olimapo, ikani mizere yothirira.

Zithunzi zojambulajambula: zida zogulira chaka chonse

Kubzala zakuthupi, luso la frigo

Pofuna kuti mabulosi azikhala ndi zifukwa zokwanira zokulira m'nyumba, ndipo ngakhale nthawi yozizira, mitundu yoyambirira kucha ndi yabwino imakhala yofunika. Izi ndi monga: Alba, Octave, Sonata, Uchi, Darenka, Clery ndi ena .. Zophatikiza za Chidatchi ndizoyenera, chifukwa mwambiri amatha kukhala obiriwira. Pali vuto lalikulu kuposa kusankha mitundu: komwe mungayipeze, ndi momwe mungasungire zinthu zobzala nthawi yachisanu. Kupatula apo, miyezi itatu iliyonse muyenera kubzala zitsamba zatsopano.

Nthawi iliyonse pachaka mutha kugula sitiroberi kapena sitiroberi za frigo

Popeza tazindikira tanthauzo la ukadaulo wa Chidatchi, cholinga cha zipatso za frigo chikuwonekera. Poyamba idagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi alimi okha polima m'malo obiriwira. Tsopano zinthu zodzala izi zaoneka mwaulere. Frigo - mizu ya sitiroberi yozika, yokolola mu kugwa, isunge pa kutentha kwa 0 ... - 2 ⁰C. Nthawi iliyonse, mbande zotere zimatha kuchotsedwa m'malo osungiramo zinthu ndikuzidzutsa ndikuziika m'malo abwino.

Kanema: momwe zimawonekera komanso zoyenera kuchita ndi ma fulosi a frigo (malangizo kuchokera kwa katswiri wa zaulimi Search)

Ndikosavuta kulingalira momwe, kukhala ndi gawo lanu, ndikupanga zanu ndi zaulere za sitiroberi kapena sitiroberi:

1. Pangani mitundu yomwe mukufuna patsamba lanu, sankhani tchire zopatsa zipatso kwambiri, muzu wama ndulu zake.
2. Mu nthawi yophukira, pomwe kutentha kwa mpweya sikukwera pamwamba pa 0 ⁰C, sitiroberi kale ali pamalo osafunikira, kukumba malo ang'onoang'ono.
3. Mosamala sansani pansi kuchokera kumizu. Simungasambe, kuuma, kudula mizu!
4. Dulani masamba, kusiya petioles ndi masamba ang'onoang'ono pakati - mtima.
5. Mangani mbande m'miyala 5, 10 kapena 20. M'mabuku az mafakitale, amalumikizidwa pa 50-100.
6. Pindani m'matumba apulasitiki kapena m'mabokosi okhala ndi kanema.
7. Sungani kutentha kwa 0 ... - 2 ⁰C ndi chinyezi 90%. Pakukhazikika pang'onopang'ono kwa kutentha mu kuphatikiza mbali, sitiroberi imadzuka, pa -3 ⁰C imafa.

Ngati mulibe mwayi wogula ndikusunga frigo, ndiye kuti mutha kugula mumzinda wanu kapena kuitanitsa pa intaneti. Inde, muyenera kuchita izi nthawi yozizira. M'nyengo yotentha, matako amadzuka asanafike kwa makasitomala, masamba amatambalala ndikuuma popanda chakudya. Zigoba zozizira zimasungidwa kwa miyezi 9, mwina yayitali, koma zokolola zake zimachepetsedwa. Kuti mudzutse mbande, isunthikeni kuti isungunuke ndikulola kuti isungunuke popanda kupukutira polyethylene. Kusiyana kwa kutentha kwambiri kumayambitsa kutentha kwa sitiroko, komwe kumabweretsa kufa. Mukasokoneza, chotsani mbande kwa maola atatu ndi mizu m'madzi. Mutha kuwonjezera zoyeserera za kukula ndi mapangidwe a mizu.

Chotengera cha sitiroberi

Zikuwonekeratu kuti, malinga ndi ukadaulo wa Chidatchi, chitsamba chilichonse sichifuna malo a 50x50 masentimita, chifukwa mbewu za pachaka zimabadwa, palibe amene angazipatse zaka 4 kuti zibereke ndi kubereka. Denga lokhala ndi mainchesi osachepera 15 cm ndi 25-30 masentimita ndilokwanira zitsamba zotere.

• miphika payokha;
• zotengera, mabokosi;
• matumba apulasitiki okhala ndi mafuta onunkhira pansi pa tchire pamtunda wa 25-30 masentimita bowo limodzi kuchokera pa linalo;
• zotengera pulasitiki.

Gwiritsani ntchito makina omwe amasulidwa pansi, osatetezedwa, komanso okhuta. Kuti mugwiritse ntchito bwino maderawo, muli muli ziwiya zilizonse kapena zotengera zina: Zimalumikizidwa kukhoma, zimayikidwa panjinga, etc.

M'malo obiriwira opangira ma fakitale, sitiroberi amawabzala m'matumba opachikika.

Ma hydroponics kapena kulima pamtunda?

Ku Holland, kulima kwa hydroponic ndizofala. Nthaka simakhala ndi mtengo uliwonse wamafuta. Zomera zimayamba chifukwa cha michere yothira michere ya michere. CHIKWANGWANI cha coconut chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri, chokhala ndi ma pores ambiri munjira zake. Masunthowa ali ndi mpweya, madzi ndi chakudya. Mizu imayenda mosadukiza kuchoka pa micropore kupita ina, ndikutenga zomwe zili. Komabe, ngati hydroponics ndi chinthu chatsopano komanso cha mafashoni kwa olima ku Russia, ndiye kuti ku Europe ndi malo opanda, osadetsedwa ndi kusowa kwa madzi, hydroponics ndi yankho labwino komanso chofunikira. Kupatula apo, ukadaulowu sufunikira pamtunda ndipo nthawi zonse umakhala limodzi ndi ulimi wothirira wokha.

CHIKWANGWANI cha coconut nthawi zambiri chimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati gawo lapansi polima hydroponic.

Ku Russia, ndizopindulitsabe kugwiritsa ntchito malo polima payekha. Kusakaniza kwa dothi kumatha kupangidwa nokha komanso kwaulere. Ngakhale zomalizidwa m'sitolo ndizotsika mtengo kuposa coconut fiber. Dziko lapansi limagwira ngati nkhokwe yosungirako zakudya, sitiyenera kuchita, monga momwe zimakhalira ma hydroponics, tsiku lililonse timakonzekera ndikugwiritsa ntchito mayankho molondola komanso kuchuluka kwake. Ndikokwanira kupanga dothi labwinobwino kubzala ndipo nthawi ndi nthawi mumavala zovala zapamwamba. Kuphatikiza apo, mayankho apadera a hydroponics samapezekapezeka kawirikawiri pamsika, amakhala okwera mtengo, ogwiritsa ntchito kwambiri. Zachidziwikire, m'malo opukutira mafakitale, amadyera, masamba, ndi zipatso amalimidwa popanda malo, koma kugula kwa feteleza ndi magawo omwe alipo ochepa, kuphatikiza phindu kuchokera ku bizinesi yayikulu sikofanana ndi ndalama za wogulitsa wamba.

Kanema: feteleza wa hydroponics - chidziwitso kwa oyamba kumene

Pakulima nthaka, msuzi wa sitiroberi / sitiroberi ungagulidwe mgolosale kapena kukonzanso pawokha posakanikirana ndi dothi lamtundu wa peat komanso humus. Nthaka iyi iyenera kutenthetsedwa mwanjira iliyonse ku +100 ⁰C kuti muchotse tizilombo ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Pambuyo pake, pakukula, sinthani nthaka pambuyo pa tchire ndi yatsopano kapena mutchira mankhwala akale ndi kuphatikiza ndi feteleza.

Nthaka ya sitiroberi imayenereranso ma sitiroberi, ogulitsidwa m'mitundu yosiyanasiyana, pafupifupi nthawi zonse imakhala ndi peat, ufa wophika ndi feteleza wamaminidwe

Zinthu zachilengedwe sizoyenera kukhala ngati feteleza, makamaka ngati mwabzala m'munda m'nyumba. Sizokayikitsa kuti banja lanu lingalole fungo la manyowa. Mukabzala komanso kuvala pamwamba, gwiritsani ntchito mitundu yosakanikirana (Gumi-Omi, BioGumus, tsamba loyera, Agricola, ndi zina). M'mayendedwe aliwonse pali mayezo: kuchuluka kwake kubweretsa pansi pa chitsamba mukadzala ndikudya.

Kutenga ndi kusamalira

Chipindacho chikakonzedwa, micherecheni yofunika ikapangidwa, pali dothi ndi mbande, mutha kuyamba kubzala, zomwe sizosiyana ndi zokhazikika. Thirani ngalande zokhala ndi masentimita awiri mpaka pansi pa miphika ndi zotengera, perlite, vermiculite, miyala ya mitsinje, ndi zina zotere. Kenako ikani mbandezo mumbale, tsegulani mizu, sungani mbewuzo pamlingo kuti mitima ili pamwamba pa dothi, ndikuphimba mizu ndi dothi , nthawi ndi nthawi yopanga.

Vidiyo: Kubzala frigo mu wowonjezera kutentha

Kusamalira sitiroberi m'nyumba kumandikumbutsa zamaluwa zamkati, poganizira mawonekedwe a mbewu inayake.

1. Sungani magawo onse ofunikira ma sitiroberi: kutentha, chinyezi, kuyatsa, zinthu za CO2.
2. Pulumutsani dothi.
3. Dyetsani tchire masiku 10 aliwonse ogulitsa osakanizika opangidwa kale chifukwa cha sitiroberi. Amakhala ndi ma macrocell onse ofunikira (Agricola, Fertika, Tsamba Loyera, ndi zina zambiri).
4. Pa maluwa, samalani mungu.
5. Pukuta popewa kuteteza kumatenda ndi tizirombo. Chotsani masamba odwala ndi zipatso ku tchire.

Ndikumakhala ndi maola 16 masana, zipatsozo zimamera pakadutsa masiku 10 mutabzala, zipatsozo zipsa masiku 35. Kubala kumatenga milungu 3-4. Pofuna kutumiza mosalekeza, zipatso zamitundu yotsalira ya masamba a mitengo ziyenera kukhwima pofika zomwe zimatha. Chifukwa chake, kupendekera kwapakati pakukonzekera kuyenera kukhala miyezi 1-1,5. Kupitilizabe kumatheka.

Koma kumayambiriro kwa chitukuko cha ukadaulo uwu, kupitiliza sikofunikira kwambiri popeza kuthekera kopanga zipatso zokoma munyengo yanyengo. Yesetsani kulima mbewu imodzi yokha, kenako nkusankha nokha: ndikofunikira kuyambitsa bizinesi kapena ndikwanira kudzilimbitsa nokha kuti mukukula masamba a sitiroberi kuti musangalale.

Ukadaulo wa Dutch wokulitsa umakulolani kukolola mosalekeza, mosasamala nthawi ya chaka kapena nyengo. Mutha kudziwa bwino pa tchire zingapo za sitiroberi zomwe zimabzala maluwa. Chachikulu ndikukonzekera kapena kugula mitengo yabwino yobzala ndikuphunzira momwe mungapangire ndikusunga malo abwino azikhalidwe.