Mabulosi (morus) ndi mtengo wosankha wochokera ku banja la a Mulberry. Amadziwikanso kuti mtengo wa mabulosi komanso mtengo wa mabulosi. Mbewuyi imakulidwa bwino mu nyengo yotentha komanso malo ozungulira. Malo achilengedwe ndi kutalikirana kwa North America, Africa ndi Asia. Mtengowu udatchuka chifukwa cha zipatso zokoma komanso zipatso. Amagwiritsidwanso ntchito pokongoletsa tsamba, chithandizo ndi zolinga za mafakitale. Ndipo, zoona, ndimtundu wa mabulosi womwe umagwira ntchito ngati chakudya cha silika - "wopanga" wa silika.
Kufotokozera kwamasamba
Mabulosi - mtengo wabwino wokhala ndi korona yoyala. Nthawi zambiri samakula kupitirira 10-15 m kutalika. Kukula kwakukulu kwapachaka kumatheka. Pakati pa mabulosi alipo enieni a zaka zana. Zitsanzo zaumwini zimakula zaka 200-500.
Nthambi zazing'ono zophimbidwa ndi khungwa la bulauni losalala, lomwe, ndi msinkhu, limasweka ndi kusungunuka. Pa mphukira, masamba ofunda a mawonekedwe owoneka bwino kapena ovoid amakula. Kuwala kwawo kuli ndi ukonde wopumira, wopepuka komanso wopaka utoto wobiriwira. M'mphepete mwa masambawo muli jambulani, ndipo mbali yakumaso ndiyopepuka, matte. Kutalika kwa pepala ndi 7-15 cm.
Chapakatikati pa masika, mabulosi amaphulika ndi masamba osawoneka bwino, osawoneka bwino. Amakhala ndi timiyendo tating'ono komanso timabowo tofiyira tating'ono. Mabulosi akhoza kukhala chomera chokhazikika komanso chododometsa. Mitundu ya dioecious ili ndi osiyana amuna, mitengo yosabala (mabulosi) ndi wamkazi.
Kupukuta kumachitika mothandizidwa ndi tizilombo komanso mphepo. Pambuyo pake, zipatso za chipangidwe chovuta zimakhwima. Pa nthambi yayifupi pali zakudya zambiri zokhala ndi mandimu zimakanikizana. Kutalika konse kwa chipatso ndi masentimita 2-5. Mtundu wake ndi wofiirira-wakuda, ofiira kapena oyera kirimu. Zipatso zake ndi zomwe zimadya, zimakhala ndi mkoma wowawasa komanso wowawa kwambiri. Kukula kwa masamba ndi zipatso za mabulosi kumatengera kwambiri nyengo ndi chonde chonde. Kummwera, ndi dongosolo la zazikulu kuposa kanjira apakati (mwachitsanzo, m'chigawo cha Moscow).
Mitundu ya mabulosi
Ponena za mtundu wa zomera, pali kutsutsana. Zosiyanasiyana zikuwonetsa kuti mtunduwu uli ndi mitundu 17-200.
Mabulosi akuda (m. Negro). Mtengowu umakula 10-13 m kuchokera pansi. Korona wake wandiweyani wokutidwa ndi masamba akuluakulu a ovoid kutalika kwa 10-20 masentimita ndi 6-10 cm.Miyala yofiirira yakuda imakhala yokoma komanso yopanda - pafupifupi 2-3 cm. Zosiyanasiyana:
- Kherson - osagonjetsedwa ndi chisanu, mtengo wotsika wokhala ndi lalikulu (3.5 cm), zipatso zokoma;
- Black Baroness - mtengo wolephera chisanu udakutidwa kale mu June ndi zipatso zazikulu, zotsekemera;
- Msungwana wamtundu wakuda - mtengo wamtali, wamtali womwe umapatsa zipatso zakuda zokoma ndi wowawasa;
- Staromoskovskaya - zipatso zotsekemera zakuda zamtundu-3 masentimita zikucha pamtengo wautali ndi korona wozungulira.
Mabulosi oyera (m. Alba). Mtengo wokulira, wamtali wokutidwa ndi makungwa a bulauni. Pa nthambi zazing'ono, masamba obiriwira kwambiri kapena achikhatawo okhala ndi m'mphepete mwamphongo amakula. Kutalika kwa masamba ndi masentimita 5 mpaka 15. Mphukira zobala zipatso zimafupikitsidwa pokhudzana ndi masamba. Zomera zamtunduwu zimaphukira mu Epulo-Meyi, ndipo zimabala zipatso mu Meyi-June. Zipatso (mitundu yambiri) ndizacylindrical mawonekedwe ndipo zimakhala ndi zoyera kapena zapinki. Kutalika kwawo kumafika pa 4 cm. Zosiyanasiyana:
- Golide - mphukira ndi masamba ophukira amapaka utoto wagolide;
- Uchi Woyera - mtengo wofalikira waukulu umapatsa zipatso zambiri shuga zoyera chipale chofewa pafupifupi 3 cm;
- Victoria - mtengo wamfupi umapereka zipatso zokoma, zokhathamira pafupifupi 5 cm;
- Kukulira mabulosi - mitundu yosiyanasiyana yokongoletsa yomwe imasinthasintha, maukono oboola pakati imakula mpaka 5 m.
Mabulosi ofiira (m. Rubra). Mawonedwe ake sagwirizana ndi chisanu. Dziko lakelo ndi North America. Chomera chake sichili chachikulu kukula, koma chimamera. Masamba okhala ndi mtima kapena wobooka masamba 7-14 cm kutalika kwake ndi 6-12 cm ali ndi mawonekedwe asymmetric. Ali penti wobiriwira wowala. Pakati pa chilimwe, mbewu yofiirira yakuda kwambiri imacha mpaka masentimita 2-3. Kunja, zipatso zamtunduwu ndizofanana ndi mabulosi akuda.
Njira zolerera
Mabulosi amafalitsa kwambiri mophweka, kotero pamene mukukula kuchokera kwa wamaluwa, palibe zovuta. Mutha kugwiritsa ntchito mbewu ndi njira zamasamba.
Pofesa mbewu, mwatsopano zomwe zimatulutsidwa, peeled ndi mbewu zouma zimagwiritsidwa ntchito. Mbewu zimapangidwa m'dzinja kapena masika nthawi yomweyo. Mbewu zonse zimafunikira stratation. Ndi kufesa kwa nyundo, kudzachitika mu vivo, mu nthawi ya masika padzakhala kofunikira kuti mbewu zisanachitike mu milungu 6 mufiriji. Asanabzale, mbewuzo zimathandizidwa ndi chowonjezera kwa maola angapo (Zircon, Epin). Pofesa, sankhani malo otseguka ndi dzuwa. Pangani ma grooo ozama ndi masentimita 3-5, pomwe zinthu zodzala sizimayikidwa kawirikawiri. Bedi limakutidwa ndi lapansi ndipo limakwiririka ndi wokutira. Dothi likayamba kutentha, mphukira zimawonekera. Kusamalira iwo kumaphatikizapo kupalira nthawi zonse, kuthirira ndi feteleza. Pakati pa nthawi yophukira, mbande zimamera chokwanira kupitilira koyamba ndikutalika kwa mamita 3-5. Izi zimapewa kupewa kuzika mizu. Kubala kumachitika pambuyo pa zaka 5-6.
Popeza zilembo zamtunduwu sizisungidwa pakubzala, njira zodziwirira zomera ndizodziwika kwambiri:
- Mizu yodula. Mu June-Julayi, mphukira zobiriwira zimadulidwa kutalika kwa 15-20 cm ndi masamba 2-3. Kubzala kumachitika mu wowonjezera kutentha. Nthambi zimayikidwa modabwitsa mpaka kuya pafupifupi masentimita 3. Masamba 1-2 okhala ndi mbale yodula pakati amasiyidwa pazodulidwa. Chinsinsi cha kuzika mizu ndi chinyezi chachikulu. Zolondola, ngati pali sprayer mu wowonjezera kutentha omwe amachititsa kuyimitsidwa kwamadzi (chifunga). Pofika mwezi wa Seputembu, mizu yokhazikika idzaonekera ndipo mphukira ziyamba kukula. Tikuyika malo otseguka kukonzekereratu nyengo yamasika.
- Ana obzala. Mtengo uliwonse nthawi ndi nthawi umaphukira woyambira. Itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito pobereka. Mphukira yophukira yochokera kutalika kwa 0,5 mamita mkati mwa kasupe imakumbidwa, kuyesera kuti isawononge mizu, ndikubzala m'malo atsopano. Kukula mwachangu, nthambi zimafupikitsidwa ndi lachitatu.
- Katemera. Nthawi zambiri zokongoletsera zamitundu yosiyanasiyana zimalumikizidwa pamtengo zomwe zimachokera ku mbande. Kuti muchite izi, mphukira zonse zimachotsedwa pachitsa, ndipo zigawo za oblique zimapangidwa pa scion ndi masamba awiri. Amakhala ophatikizidwa ndikuyika tepi yapadera. Njira yodzidulira imatha kumapeto kwa miyezi iwiri. Pambuyo pake, tepiyo imachotsedwa. M'tsogolomu, ndikofunikira kudula nthambi zonse zam'munsi zomwe zimamera kunja. Njira imakuthandizani kuti muzisonkhanitsa mitundu ingapo yosiyanasiyana pachomera chimodzi, ndikupanga chotchedwa "melangevuna."
Kutenga ndi kusamalira
Ndikwabwino kukonzekera kubzala kwa mabulosi m'chigawo choyambirira cha nthawi yophukira, ndiye kuti idzakhala ndi nthawi yosinthira kumalo atsopano, ndipo nthawi yachisanu ikayamba, imayamba kukula. Ena amayeserera kubzala masika musanayambe kutuluka. Mukamagula mbande mu nazale, makonda azigwiritsa ntchito zaka 4. Ngati abala kale zipatso, ndikosavuta kusankha lingaliro la wamwamuna kapena wamkazi.
Mabulosi ndi chomera choonera zinthu zambiri komanso chosangalatsa, koma chimafunikira chitetezo champhamvu kukazizira. Nthaka iyenera kukhala yopanda chonde komanso yachonde. Saline, mchenga kapena dothi louma siliyenera, monga momwe zilili kuyandikira kwa nthaka yapansi panthaka.
Masabata 2-3 asanabzike, amakumba bowo lakuya ndi masentimita 50. Manyowa owola kapena kompositi yokhala ndi superphosphate imangotulutsidwamo m'nthaka yopanda chonde. Dothi labwino limathiridwa feteleza kuti lisatenthe mizu. Mukabzala ndi mizu, dothi lakale loumbidwalo limaphwanyika, ndipo ma voids amadzazidwa ndi dothi latsopano. Mukamaliza ntchito, ndowa ziwiri zamadzi zimathiridwa pansi pa mtengo, kenako pansi ndikuyalika. Mbeu zazing'ono, zowonda ndizomangidwa.
M'tsogolomu, kusamalira mabulosi amabwera kudzamasula, kuthirira ndi feteleza. Nthawi zambiri ndikofunikira kuthirira mitengo nthawi yamaluwa ndi maluwa, koma apa ndikofunikira kudziwa muyeso, apo ayi zipatso zake zimakhala zamadzi. Kuyambira pakati pa chilimwe, kuthirira kumangofunika ndi chilala chokhazikika.
Mu Epulo-Juni, nthawi 1-2, mabulosi amaphatikiza ndi feteleza okhala ndi nayitrogeni. Mu theka lachiwiri la chilimwe, nyimbo zomwe zimakhala ndi potaziyamu ndi phosphorous zimakonda.
Chozungulira chopingidwa chimamasulidwa nthawi ndi nthawi mpaka pakuya kwa fosholo, ndipo namsongole amachotsedwa.
Udindo wofunikira umasewera kudulira mabulosi. Chapakatikati, nthambi zouma zachisanu zimachotsedwa. Ngati mbewuzo zibzalidwe kuti zikolole, ndikofunikira kuti ziwapangidwe ngati tchire kapena mtengo wamfupi, ndiye kuti kusankha zipatso kumakhala kosavuta. Mabulosi amalola kudulira bwino kwambiri komanso kuchira msanga, chifukwa chake musawope kuchotsa zochuluka. Nthawi ndi nthawi, korona amachepetsa ndikusinthidwa, ndikuchotsa kwathunthu nthambi za 1-2 mpaka gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a mphukira zotsalira. Ndikudulira kwa yophukira, youma, yakale, komanso nthambi zodwala ndi zosweka zimachotsedwa. Munthawi imodzimodziyo, ana kwambiri, osaphukira amayenera kuchotsedwa.
Mabulosi amatsutsa matenda a chomera bwino. Koma mutabzala m'malo otentha kwambiri, mutha kudwala matenda a ufa wowonda, malovu a bulauni, bacteriosis, ndi curls zazing'ono. Nthawi zambiri bowa wa mabulosi amapezeka pamenepo. Kupulumutsidwa kwabwino kwambiri kudzakhala chithandizo ndi fungicides (Silite, sulfate yamkuwa, Cytoflavin).
Nthawi ndi nthawi, mtengowu umagwidwa ndi tizilombo (nthangala ya mabulosi, mbewa, khungubwe zoyera zaku America). Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timathandiza kuthana nawo, ndipo mankhwalawa amachitika pafupipafupi pofuna kupewa kuyambira kumapeto kwa mvula.
Zopindulitsa ndi zotsutsana
Zipatso, masamba ndi mphukira zazing'ono za mabulosi zili ndi zinthu zambiri zogwira ntchito:
- mavitamini (A, C, E, K ndi gulu B);
- macrocell (P, Mg, Ca, K, Na);
- tsatani zinthu (Fe, Cu, Zn, Se, Mn);
- antioxidants.
Kugwiritsa ntchito zipatso zatsopano kumathandizira kusintha njira zonse mthupi. Amakhala ndi phindu pamadongosolo a magazi, amathandizira kutuluka kwamadzi, kuwonjezera magazi ndi shuga. Kusunga zipatso motalikirapo, zimawuma kapena kuwundana, kuthira vinyo ndi nthaka ndi shuga. Zotsatira za zipatso za mtengo womwewo pamgawo wokugaya zimapangidwa kawiri. Zipatso zosapsa zimalimbitsa chopondapo, ndipo kucha ndi yowutsa mudyo - zimathandizira pakakhala pake. A decoction of zipatso calms, amathandiza kuthana ndi kupsinjika ndi kusowa tulo. Amabwezeretsanso thupi pambuyo polimbitsa thupi.
Gwiritsani ntchito osati zipatso zokha, komanso masamba ndi makungwa. Amakolola kuti adzagwiritse ntchito mtsogolo, kenako infusions ndi decoctions amapangidwa. Ali ndi chiyembekezero chabwino. Mosiyana ndi zipatso, masamba ndi nthambi zimachepetsa shuga la magazi ndikuchepetsa kuthamanga kwa magazi.
Mwakutero, mabulosi alibe contraindication, komabe, amathanso kuvulaza anthu omwe amakonda chifuwa. Kugwiritsa ntchito zipatso zochuluka kumayambitsa kutsegula m'mimba.
