Maluwa Grouse (Fritillaria) ndi amtundu wa herbaceous perennials komanso ku banja Liliaceae. Padziko lapansi pali mitundu yoposa 150 ya mbewu iyi. Malo amenewa ndi Kumpoto kwa Nyengo, komwe kumatentha kwambiri, komanso ku Asia. Chifukwa cha mawonekedwe ake ofanana ndi kapu yoponyera mafupa m'Chilatini, amatchedwa "fritillus" - lotanthauza "pockmarked" kapena "motley", motero dzina lake la Russia linawonekera.
Kufotokozera, mawonekedwe
Chomera chosatha, kusinthika komwe kumachitika mothandizidwa ndi njere kapena mababu. Kapangidwe kake ndi kodabwitsa, popeza alibe chivundikiro chapamwamba ndipo pamakhala masikelo ambiri.
Ngati awonongeka, izi zidzatsogolera ku kufa kwa Grouse.
Olima ena amakonda kutcha mtengowo mtengo wa paradiso chifukwa cha mawonekedwe ake wofanana ndi mtengo wamkuyu wobiriwira. Maluwa akutuluka, osiyanasiyana m'mitundu yosiyanasiyana, amatha kusungidwa m'magulu kapena kukhonzedwa kamodzi.
Wamaluwa amawona kuti chomera ndichofunika pamalopo, popeza, kuwonjezera pa kukongola, ndizopindulitsanso. Amakhulupirira kuti fungo lomwe limafalikira kuchokera ku duwa limathamangitsa mole ndi chimbalangondo. Omwe alimi ena, akudzala mozungulira malowa, akuyesera kudziteteza ku makoswe.
Mitundu ya grouse
Ndi chizolowezi kusiyanitsa mitundu iwiri ya mbewu ndi malo okhala. Nyengo yanyontho ya mzere wapakati imawerengedwa kuti ndi yabwino kwa gulu loyamba. Kutalika kwawo ndi 40-80 cm basi, utoto ukhoza kukhala wosiyana.
Izi zikuphatikiza:
- chess;
- Russian
- Ussuri
- ngati chess;
- kuimba mokweza mawu;
- matenda ena;
- phiri ndi ena.
Gulu lachiwiri la maluwa amenewa limayimiridwa ndi ziwonetsero zomwe zimakonda nyengo youma komanso yotentha ya kumwera kwa Europe ndi Asia.
Grouse Imperial amaonedwa ngati woimira gulu lalikulu kwambiri, amene ali ndi maluwa achikasu kapena lalanje.
Palinso mbewu zochepa kwambiri zomwe zili mgululi: hazel grouse, kummawa, Zagros kapena maluwa akulu. Mitundu yodziwika bwino yamaluwa amenewa ndi burgundy ndi utoto. Ndizabwino polenga miyala.
Maluwa okhala ndi zokutira za siliva amawoneka odekha kwambiri ndipo amasangalatsa diso ndi mithunzi yosiyanasiyana. Mitunduyi imaphatikizapo mitundu ya Caucasian, Armeni, Albura, chikasu komanso golide. Kamchatsky, Olga, ngati singano ndi ena amadziwika ndi mitundu yowoneka bwino kwambiri yokhala ndi zolemba zamitundu yamafuta ndi zonona.
| Onani | Kufotokozera |
| Achifumu (Royal) | Mwa alimi, mitundu yodziwika bwino ndi Hazel ginger Imperial kapena Royal. Amasiyana kukula ndi mitundu ina ya duwa. Tsinde la chomera limafika masentimita 90-120; maluwa okongola akuluakulu amakhala pamwamba pake. Nthawi yamaluwa imagwirizana ndi tulips ndi yamatcheri. Mitundu imakhala yosiyanasiyana - kuchokera pachikaso chowoneka bwino mpaka kufiyira njerwa. Ndikosavuta kusokoneza mtunduwu ndi ena, chifukwa ma tubers ali ndi fungo labwino kwambiri. |
| Chess | Kufalikira kofulumira kwambiri ndi kusasamala mu zomwe zimawonedwa mu hazel grouse. Timangogulitsa mitundu yoyera yoyera Alba ndi Aphrodite. Pazonse, akatswiri a sayansi akudziwa mitundu yoposa khumi yamitundu iyi. Chess grouse, wokondedwa ndi wamaluwa ku Russia ndi Europe, amasiyanitsidwa ndi maluwa akuluakulu okhala ndi mtundu wowoneka bwino wa chess. "Maselo" amawoneka bwino pamiyala ya bulauni. Duwa limamera m'nkhalango zamtchire, limapirira nyengo yachisanu komanso kusefukira kwamadzi. Mtundu wa masamba umadziwika ndi mitundu - kuchokera ku lilac mpaka yoyera yoyera. Kuberekanso nthawi zina kumadzifesa. |
| Mikhailovsky | Duwa losalimba, lalitali 25 cm lokhala ndi masamba awiri a burgundy wokhala ndi malire achikasu mozungulira m'mphepete. Chomera chimakhala chosazindikira, chimapulumuka nthawi yozizira. Masiku ano, kope kakang'ono ka mitundu yama hazel grouse yakhazikitsidwa, kutalika kwake sikupita masentimita 15. Dothi louma ndi lotentha ndiloyenera kwa iwo. Kufalikira kwa mbewu zamtunduwu kumachitika makamaka ndi mbewu. Osachepera zaka zitatu zilizonse, ndikulimbikitsidwa kukumba ndi kutentha mababu, makamaka nyengo zanyontho komanso kuzizira. |
| Russian | Zomera zamtunduwu zidalembedwa mbuku la Red Book. Imapezeka m'chilengedwe pamalo otsetsereka kapena kumapiri. Kutalika kwa tsinde kumafika masentimita 40, maluwa ndi akulu, opepuka am chocolate. |
| Wodzichepetsa | Kukula kochepa komanso mitundu yopepuka kunapereka mitundu yotere dzina lotere. Pa tsinde lalifupi, osapitirira 20 cm, pali mphukira umodzi wokha wachikaso chowala. Kuberekera kwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya hazel grouse kumafuna kulimbikira komanso nthawi. Limabzalidwa m'nthaka yotenthetsedwa bwino, ndi ngalande. Maluwa amapezeka molawirira, chisanu chisanathe, ndipo nthawi yozizira imamera pawindo, mumphika. |
| Chipereya | Zosiyanasiyana zakhala zikudziwika kuyambira zaka za zana la 19 ndipo zabwera kwa ife kuchokera kumayiko akummawa. Tsinde limakula mpaka 100 masentimita, inflorescence imakonzedwa mu chulu mu maluwa pafupifupi owala pafupifupi 30. Masamba a chomera ali ndi buluu wamtambo, ndipo maluwa ali pafupi kuda. Zikuwoneka zachilendo komanso zokongola. Ndikwabwino kukula duwa lotentha bwino ndi dothi losakanikirana ndi mchenga, kum'mwera kwa malowa, komwe kutentha ndi kuwala kwa dzuwa kukugwa. Amakhalanso bwino, koma pamafunika malo abwino okhala ndi masamba owuma. |
| Kamchatsky | Monga dzinalo limatanthawuzira, ku Kamchatka amakula dzina lomwelo la maluwa Grouse. Kutalika kumafika masentimita 60, maluwa amatha kukhala akuda kapena chikaso chowala. Mababu a mitundu iyi ali ofanana kwambiri mamba kwa mababu a kakombo. Kuberekanso amathanso kutero mothandizidwa ndi mamba. |
| Amansky | Zosiyanasiyana ndi zachinyamata, zakula kuyambira 70s ya zaka zapitazi. Nthawi zambiri imamera pamiyala yamiyala yamtchire yamtchire komanso udzu. Dziko lakwawo la mtunduwu ndi malo otsetsereka a Libya, Turkey, Syria. Chomera chake ndi chaching'ono, kutalika kwa tsinde kumafika 25 cm, ndichopepuka kwambiri, maluwa amakhala obiriwira ndi utoto wofiirira. Maluwa ambiri amakula kuchokera ku bulb imodzi yaying'ono. Ndikwabwino kuzibzala kumtunda kwa dimba, m'nthaka ndi ngalande yabwino, ndikuwonjezera limu kapena choko. Duwa limalekerera bwino nthawi yozizira, koma sioyenera kuwabzala m'malo otentha. |
Tikufika
Wamaluwa amakonda hazel grouse kwa mbewu zina zam'munda chifukwa chosakolola komanso kukongola. Mababu, okhala ndi mamba angapo, ali ndi masamba, mothandizidwa ndi omwe amachulukana.
Pali malamulo ena obzala mbewu:
- Seputembara-Okutobala amatengedwa kuti ndi miyezi yabwino kubzala grouse, pambuyo pake kubzala kumayambitsa kuzizira kwa mababu kapena kusowa kwa maluwa.
- Malo omwe chomera chatsopano chikufotokozeredwa ndi dzuwa, mthunzi wololedwa.
- Mababu amasankhidwa mosamala, kuwonongeka kudzatsogolera ku kufa kwa duwa.
- Asanafike pansi amathandizidwa ndi yankho la manganese.
- Dothi lonyowa komanso lozizira kwambiri chifukwa chobzala silokwanira, mababuwo amawola.
- Kubzala mozama kuli pafupifupi 12 cm kwa maluwa otsika, pafupifupi 20 cm kwa kutalika.
- Mababu amayikidwa pansi m'nthaka, owazidwa ndi mchenga wowuma.
Mwambiri, malo omwe mmunda udabzalidwa uyenera kukhala wathanzi komanso wopepuka. Ndikulimbikitsidwa kuti kuwonjezera peat kuzitsime zakonzedwa.
Chisamaliro cha grouse
Kubzala ndi kusamalira mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya hazel grouse ndizochepa. Ndi chisamaliro choyenera, duwa limakondwera ndi masamba owala ndi phesi lolimba, lomwe lidzakhale chokongoletsera chenicheni cha mundawo.
Ndikofunika kuthirira hazel grouse pokhapokha chilimwe chikhale chofunikira, dothi lisapume.
Mukathirira, kudulira mabedi ndi kuwaza ndi peat kapena phulusa lamatanda ndikulimbikitsidwa. Ndikofunikanso kuthira manyowa ndi feteleza wapadera wouma. Gawo loyamba limawonjezedwa kumapeto kwa Epulo, lachiwiri - mu Ogasiti.
Kuswana
Duwa limafalikira ndi njere kapena mababu. Njira zonsezi ndi zabwino komanso zimapereka maluwa mwachangu.
- Mbewu zimakololedwa nthawi yomweyo, masamba a chomera chikamasamba. Kubzala kumachitika mu dothi lolemera. Patatha zaka ziwiri mutabzala, mababu olimbawo amakumbidwa ndikusungidwa pamalo otentha.
- Mababu a mitundu yambiri ya hazel grouse amawonjezeka kukula pakapita nthawi, ndipo "makanda" amakula. Pakupita zaka zingapo, amakumbidwa ndikulekanitsidwa ndikubzalidwe pansi.
Pambuyo maluwa
Maluwa atatha ndipo mabokosi ayamba kufota, hazel grouse imasangalalabe kwakanthawi ndi maluwa ake. Kenako, chakumayambiriro kwa Julayi, amayamba kukumba mababu ndikuwasunga. Amatsukidwa ndimadzi ofunda, owuma ndikutsukidwa m'chipinda momwe kutentha sikokwanira kuposa 30 ° C, kumapereka mpweya wabwino wokhazikika. Mizu yatsopano imamera kumapeto kwa chilimwe, ndipo mababu amakhala oyenera kubzala.
A Chilimwe wokhala nawo: achenjeza: zolakwika zomwe zingasokoneze maluwa
Omwe alimi samadikira maluwa a hazel grouse ndipo zifukwa zingapo zofala ndizomwe zimayambitsa izi:
- Chilimwe chozizira komanso chanyontho chimathandizira kuti mababu aziwola (amatenthedwa ndi kuwuma mwachilengedwe);
- mababu ang'onoang'ono (pamlingo wochepera 5 cm simudzakhala maluwa, chomera ndikupeza mphamvu);
- kukula m'malo amodzi (amayamba kugawana osaphulika, kuti apewe izi, amakumba ndi kusaka nthawi yophukira yophukira);
- Kuya kolondola kopanda
- nthaka yosavomerezeka (nthaka youma, yosalemera si malo abwino kwambiri maluwa);
- nthawi yozizira yokhala ndi chipale chofewa (kusowa kwa chipale chofewa kumayambitsa kuzizira).
Kuti chomera chikule komanso kusangalatsa diso pachaka, malamulo obzala ndi chisamaliro akuyenera kuonedwa. Sifunika kuchita khama kwambiri, koma mundawo udzapeza kukongola kwapadera.
