Masiku ano, orchid si chomera chosowa kwambiri mu chipinda cha maluwa. Komabe, ili ndi matenda osiyanasiyana ndipo imafuna chisamaliro chapadera. Mwamwayi, n'zovuta kupeza chidziwitso chonse chokhudzana ndi kusamalira maluwa, matenda a orchid ndi mankhwala awo.
Choncho, tinayesetsa kuthana ndi mavuto omwe anthu ambiri amakula.
Mavuto ndi maluwa a orchid, momwe angawachotsere
Kupaka nyumbayi n'kovuta komanso kosavuta. Kotero, ngati mutangobweretsa kunyumba mutagula ndipo idayamba, palibe chachilendo pa izo. Mukungofunikira kupeza malo abwino kwa iye ndi kusamalira bwino.
Maluwa a orchid samasamba
Kuti musadandaule za maluwa a orchid, ngakhale panthawi ya kugula n'kofunikira kufotokoza mtundu wa zosiyana ndi nthawi yomwe maluwa ali nawo. Mfundo ndizo mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya maluwa pachimake pa nthawi zosiyanasiyana. Koma zimachitika kuti maluwa sakuyembekezeka, pomwe mdima wobiriwira ukupitirira kukula. Zifukwa zazikulu za kusowa kwa masamba ndi zotsatirazi:
- kusintha kwadzidzidzi kutentha;
- kusamba kosayenera;
- kupumula kwapadera;
- kusowa kwa kuwala.
Mukudziwa? Chifukwa chofala kwambiri cha kusowa kwa maluwa pa chomera ndi kusowa kwa kuwala, ndiye chifukwa chake chomeracho chimayamba kumira. Mitundu yambiri ya orchid imakhala yoipa ngakhale mthunzi, koma mitundu monga pefiopedilum ndi phalaenopsis, ikhoza kufalikira.
Kuperewera kwa kuwala kumasonyezedwa ndi mtundu wa masamba: amasintha mtundu wobiriwira, pamene mtundu wawo wachilengedwe uli wobiriwira. Ngati masambawo atembenukira chikasu, amasonyeza kuwala kwambiri kwa dzuwa, ndiko kuti, kuwala kwakukulu. Zotsatira zoletsa: duwa liyenera kuikidwa pamalo opepuka kwambiri kapena kuchotsedwa mthunzi. 
Chinthu chinanso chofala pakakhala palibe maluwa - mizu ya matenda. N'zovuta kudziwa. Nthawi zina, ngakhale mizu ikuvunda, orchid imapitirirabe.
Koma ngati sichikondweretsa maluwa kwa nthawi yaitali, ndipo kuunika kuli bwino, muyenera kuyang'ana mizu. Kawirikawiri, imayamba kuvunda chifukwa cha kuthirira madzi.
Pachifukwa ichi, chomera chomera ndi kuchotsedwa kwa mbali za rhizomes kudzathandiza. Kuwedza nthawi ndi nthawi kumapindulitsa kwambiri.
Maluwa a orchid amatha
Monga lamulo, mu nkhaniyi, mavuto ali ofanana ndi omwe tawafotokoza pamwambapa. Koma pangakhale zifukwa zina. Choyamba, orchid imakhudza kwambiri kusintha kwa nyumba. Ngati mwangogula kumene ndikubweretsa kunyumba, sizosadabwitsa kuti masamba a orchid amafota ndi kugwa.
Ndikofunikira! Kuunikira kumachita mbali yaikulu mu njirayi. Ndizomveka kuti mu wowonjezera kutentha kunali koyenera ndi kokwanira, ndipo panyumba panu mwina sikusowa kapena, mosiyana, kukhala ochuluka kwambiri. Talingalirani kuti pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya ma orchids okonda mthunzi, ndipo izi ziyenera kufotokozedwa pogula chomera. Choncho, kumpoto ndi kumpoto chakum'mawindo mungathe kukula cambria ndi phalaenopsis. Angrekums cymbidiums, leas, cattleyas, vandas ndi ena amaonedwa ngati zithunzi.
Komanso, pangakhale mavuto hypothermia orchids. Izi ndi zowonjezera kwambiri, choncho muyenera kuonetsetsa kuti m'nyengo yozizira kutentha kwa chipinda sikugwera pansi pa 22 ° C. Chonde dziwani kuti chinyezi cha mlengalenga chiyenera kukhala ndi 70%, mwinamwake maluwawo ayamba kugwa. 
Orchid amakonda mpweya wabwino, koma salola kulemba. Amagwiranso ntchito mofulumira kukhalapo kwa zakudya zosiyanasiyana, makamaka zipatso ndi ndiwo zamasamba zomwe zimatulutsa ethylene. Zimayambitsa kuchapa mwamsanga kwa masamba, omwe akhoza kufota ndi kugwa popanda kuwululira.
Chifukwa china chowombera masamba akhoza kukhala tizirombo. Makamaka, mealybug idyetsa chakudya chawo, ndipo imayambitsa kufa msanga kwa mphukira.
Musaiwale kuti kupukuta ndi maluwa kugwa ndi njira yachirengedwe. Kutalika kwa maluwa mu mitundu yosiyana ndikulingana. Ena chonde ndi motley maluwa kwa miyezi ingapo, ena kwa milungu ingapo. Mwina mwagula chomera mutatha maluwa.
Mdima wakuda pa maluwa
Nthawizina sizimayambitsidwa ndi matenda, koma ndi chifukwa chowonongeka panthawi yopititsa mbewu. Mawanga otere samafalikira pamaluwa, amauma, amakhala ndi m'mphepete mwawo.
Komabe malowa akhoza kuchitika chifukwa cha chinyezi kufika pamakhala pa ulimi wothirira kapena kutsekemera pamene chomeracho chimatengedwa phukusi. Chifukwa chaichi, maluwawo sangawonongeke, koma akugweranso.
Ngati panthawi yomweyo mbewuyo idakali padzuwa, ndiye kuti moto ukhoza kuchitika m'malo pomwe madzi amafika pamadzi - madziwo amagwira ntchito ngati lenti.
Mukudziwa? Matenda a fungal amachititsa mabala a bulauni pa maluwa. Pachifukwachi, amatha kupweteka kwenikweni usiku wonse, pamene chomera chonsecho chimafalikira pamadera. Pachifukwa ichi, masamba okhudzidwa ndi zimayambira adzakhala madzi, amatha kuoneka ngati pulasitiki.
Kutupa: Kuteteza ndi Kuchiza
Kawirikawiri pamene ma orchids akukula mkati mwake amayenera kuthana ndi kulimbana ndi kuvunda. Komanso, mavuto amayamba chifukwa cha chisamaliro chokwanira.
Brown Bakiteriya Rot
Chomeracho chikuwoneka ngati madzi ofiira a bulauni pa masamba. Ambiri mwachinyamata. Patapita nthawi, amdima, kukula, pang'onopang'ono kugwirizana. Komanso, m'munsi mwazizira kutentha, mochulukitsa kuthirira, mofulumira izi zimachitika.
Ngati mutangozindikira zizindikiro za matenda a orchid, mungathe kumuthandiza, kudula malo owonongeka ndi chida chakuthwapogwira minofu yathanzi. Dothi lodulidwa liyenera kuchiritsidwa ndi kukonzekera kokhala ndi mkuwa, kapena malasha osweka.
Ngati zotsatirazi sizingatheke, maluwa sangathe kupulumutsidwa. Ndi bwino kuchotsa izo musanayambe kufalitsa matenda ena.
Mitundu yambiri ya orchid monga pafiopedilum, cymbidium, ng'ombeya ndi phalaenopsis zimakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi mabakiteriya ovunda. Kupewa matenda amenewa kumaphatikizapo kupopera mbewuzo ndi njira yothetsera mkuwa sulphate kamodzi pamwezi.
Mizu yovunda
Mizu yovunda zimakhudza mizu ya zomera, zomwe zimachepetsa ndi kuwonongeka. Pa nthawi yomweyo masamba a chomera amapeza mthunzi wofiira. Chifukwa cha njirayi ndipamwamba kwambiri kutentha kwa mpweya ndi kutentha.
Kuchotsa matendawa, ndikofunikira kusintha ndondomeko ya mbeu, komanso kukonza mizu ndi dothi ndi njira ya topsin (0.2%) kapena njira yothetsera (0.2%). Izi ziyenera kuchitika katatu, kusunga nthawi pafupifupi masabata atatu. Monga lamulo, chifukwa cha ichi, mphika umalowetsedwa mu njirayi.
Pofuna kuteteza matenda, m'pofunika kugwiritsa ntchito gawo labwino, lomwe kale limatetezedwa ku disinfected, chifukwa chodzala. Nthaŵi zambiri, mitundu yambiri yamaluwa ya orchid, miltonia, cymbidium imafunikira chisamaliro chotero.
Grey kuvunda
Orchid imadziwika ndi matenda a masamba, monga imvi zowola. N'zosavuta kudziwa: Mitsinje yamdima imapezeka pamasamba, ataphimbidwa ndi maluwa otentha. Pang'onopang'ono, masambawo amatembenukira ku nthaka zowola, ndiye - ku maluwa, ndiyeno kumera wonse. Matendawa amayamba ndi maluwa, kuwaphimba ndi madontho aang'ono.
Matendawa amapezeka chifukwa cha kusamalidwa bwino - kutentha kwakukulu kuphatikizapo kutentha kwakukulu. Koma nthawi zina chifukwa chake chimakhala chokhumba kwambiri kwa feteleza chokhala ndi nayitrogeni, chomwe chimachepetsa kukana kwa mbeu ku matendawa.
Grey kuvunda - Ichi ndi matenda a fungal. Choncho, pofuna kulimbana ndi chomeracho, m'pofunikira kuchotsa malo owonongeka, ndi ake Pangani fungicides.
Ndipo ngati mankhwala osankhidwawa sanawathandize, ndipo pakapita kanthawi zizindikiro za matendawa zikuwonekera kachiwiri, mankhwala ena ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito. Mukamwetsa muyenera kugwiritsira ntchito zipangizo zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zomera zisakane.
Ndikofunikira! Yesani kuika ma orchid pafupi kapena ku zomera zina. Kenaka, ngati chovunda cha imvi pa chomera chimodzi, nkhumba za bowa sizingathe kufalikira kwa yotsatira.
Grey kuvunda imakhazikika mosavuta pamaluwa omwe amamera ndi maluwa oyera: Cattley, Cymbidia, Phalaenopsis.
Black kuvunda
Matenda a fungusayo amapezeka pamene maluwa ali m'chipinda chozizira kwambiri. Makamaka ngati chomeracho chinali kudwala kapena kupulumuka chiwembu cha tizirombo. Pachifukwa ichi, mawanga a masamba a orchid amachotsedwa ndi chida chakuthwa ndi chobisika, ndipo m'mphepete mwazitsulo amathandizidwa ndi Bordeaux madzi kapena makala. 
Kenaka, chomeracho chiyenera kuikidwa mu mphika wina kapena chimodzimodzi, koma chosawilitsidwa kale. Amabzalidwa mu gawo lapansi lopanda wosabala, ndipo m'pofunika kuchotsa choyambiriracho. Pambuyo pake, chomeracho chimapanga zinthu zofunika.
Odwala kawirikawiri omwe ali ndi matenda oterewa ndi orchids a mitundu ya Cattleya ndi papiopedilum.
Fusarium zowola
Ngati masamba a orchid atembenukira chikasu kapena pali mawanga pa iwo, mwina mudzayenera kuthana nazo fusarium zowola. Pankhaniyi, masamba amachepetsa, kupiringa, ndi spores za bowa amapatsa timapiko ta pinki.
Chifukwa chachikulu cha matenda oterewa ndi chinyezi chachikulu ndi kusayenda bwino kwa mpweya. Kawirikawiri, matenda oterowo amakhudza mitundu yambiri ya mliri, miltonia, phalaenopsis ngati zofunikira sizikuwonetsedwa.
Kuperekedwa mankhwala kulandira chomera katatu patsiku ndi njira yothetsera (0.2%). Onetsetsani bwino zomera zonse, monga mabala ovunda angawonekere pa mphukira. Pankhaniyi, panthawi ya chithandizo, m'pofunika kusiya kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa, kuonetsetsa kuti siimayimilira.
Matenda a leaf: zizindikiro, kupewa ndi kuchiza
Matenda a orchid angakhale ndi mavairasi, mabakiteriya kapena fungal khalidwe ndipo amadziwonetsera okha mosiyana: monga mawonekedwe, kuzunza, kuvunda. Choncho, matenda aliwonse ali ndi njira yake yokhayo.
Ndikofunikira! Pafupifupi ma orchids onse amataya mtundu wawo pa nthawi, ngakhale mosamala. Kulephera kwa kuwala kumafooketsa chitetezo cha mbeu, koma chikondi chachimanga sichimalola kuwala kwa dzuwa. Chofunika kwambiri kuphunzitsa orchid ku dzuwa, kumeta maluwa omwe amaima kumbali yakumwera kuti asawotchedwe. Pang'onopang'ono kugwiritsidwa ntchito dzuwa, maluwa amafunika shading kokha madzulo otentha.
Anthracnose
Nthawi zambiri, matendawa amakhudza masamba a chomera. Zing'onozing'ono, koma zomveka bwino zofiira mawanga zimayang'ana pa iwo, zomwe zikuwonjezeka, kugwirizana wina ndi mzake. Malo okhudzidwa aakulu amatembenukira wakuda, kupanga mapiritsi. Ngati chomeracho chakhala chodwala kwa nthawi yayitali, patina ya pinki kapena yachikasu imatha kuwoneka m'malo awa.
Zifukwa: madzi omwe ali ndi masamba ochepa kwambiri m'magulu a tsamba ndi chinyezi.
Chithandizo amayamba ndi kudula malo omwe akukhudzidwa. Gawo liyenera kuperekedwa ndi phulusa kapena mpweya wokhazikika, ndi zomera zokha - pokonzekera ndi mkuwa. Kupanga kumachitika katatu ndi nthawi za masiku khumi. Pankhaniyi, m'pofunika kuchepetsa kuthirira ndi kusiya kudya.
Kuteteza bowa Ndikofunika kuonetsetsa kuti kutentha kwa mpweya sikudutsa 70% ndipo sikugwera pansi pa 40%, pomwe nthawi zonse zimakhala bwino. Onetsetsani kukhalapo kwa madzi m'zigawo za masamba ndi pseudobulb. Ngati iye akupita kumeneko, pakapita nthawi, chotsani ndi chopukutira kapena nsalu.
Mankhwala a orchids a phalaenopsis, papiopedilum, oncidium, miltonia amapezeka makamaka ndi matendawa.
Malo a tsamba la bakiteriya
Phalaenopsis orchids amayamba kutenga matendawa. Poyamba pa zomera zowonongeka masamba amasanduka chikasu, kenaka mdima, kenaka mufewetseni ndikusweka. Mu zilondazi zimayambira.
Kuchotsa matendawa, Madera amenewa amadulidwa ndi zida zopanda kanthu komanso zowonongeka; magawo amathandizidwa ndi ayodini kapena mpweya wabwino. Ngati pali malo ambiri kapena mitsempha yowonongeka, chithandizochi chiyenera kuchitika ndi kukonzekera kwamphamvu. Ngati mutatha masiku 10 mutabwereranso, ndiye kuti mbeu yayamba kubwerera ndipo siidwala.
Pali matenda chifukwa chowala kwambiri nthawi yachisanu ya chaka, kukoka kwambiri feteleza kapena mopanda madzi okwanira.
Leaf deformation
Kinks pa masamba angapangitse wamba kuwonongeka. Komabe, nthawi zina, amasonyeza kuthira madzi okwanira osakwanira okwanira.
Komanso samverani feteleza. Ngati ali ndi nayitrojeni yochulukirapo, ikhozanso kuyambitsa mazira a zomera: kuphulika, ming'alu, ming'alu, kutuluka kwa mdima wobiriwira.
Chotsani vutoli, ndikwanira kukana feteleza kwa nthawi ndithu. Zimalimbikitsanso kusamba mizu ya chomera ndi kuziyika. Chonde dziwani kuti patatha njirayi, orchid kwa nthawi ingakhale ikukula - izi ndizochitika.
Leaf burn
Mtundu uwu wa kuwonongeka kumawoneka pa zomera nthawi zambiri mu masika ndi chilimwe. Ntchito ya dzuwa ikakula. Mankhwala a orchids amafunika kuwala kwambiri, koma amavutitsidwa, ndipo kuwala kwa dzuwa kwachindunji, monga lamulo, kumawononga ndipo kumayambitsa kuyaka.
Zimayambitsa zofanana ndi madontho otsala a chinyezi pamasamba ndi pamakhala. Pachifukwa ichi, madzi, kuchulukitsa mphamvu ya dzuwa, nthawi zambiri, amachititsa kuti masambawo aziwotcha - pa iwo amawoneka malo otulidwa ndi m'mphepete mwa bulauni. Patapita nthawi, amauma, amapanga mabowo.
Chomera chokhudzidwacho chiyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito, kusamalira kwambiri kuthirira, koma osati kusefukira duwa. Malo owonongeka kwambiri ayenera kuchotsedwa pokonza m'mphepete mwa kagawo. Kudyetsa nthawiyi ndibwino kuti musagwiritse ntchito.
Mame a Mealy
Za maonekedwe powdery mildew akuti zoyera pachimake pa masamba ndi masamba a maluwa. Malo obisika amakhala owuma pa nthawi, ndipo mbewu yokha imamwalira. Matendawa amapezeka m'mikhalidwe ya chinyezi chachikulu kuphatikizapo kutentha kwakukulu - chomwe chimatchedwa kutentha.
Mukangopeza zizindikiro za matendawa, muyenera kukonza mwamsanga chisamaliro ndi kuyamba mankhwala. Kwa ichi chomeracho chimapatsidwa mankhwala osokoneza bongo "Topsin-M", "Scor" kapena njira yothetsera sulfure.
Monga prophylaxis Orchid iyenera kupangidwa ndi "Phytosporin". Ndibwino kuti muzichita mapepala onse okongoletsera, omwe ali ndi chiopsezo chotenga powdery mildew.
Kutupa
Zosavuta kwenikweni, koma matenda ochepa kwambiri. Imakhalanso ndi fungalomu ndipo imakhudza makamaka masamba a zomera.
Komanso, kumayambira kumapeto kwa pepala, kumayambitsa mawanga. Patapita nthawi, amaoneka ngati mapepala ofiira, omwe amatha kupsa. Onani kuti matendawa akuwoneka pa mbali zochepa kwambiri za mbeu.
Kuchotsa kuchokera kwa iye Ndikofunika kuchotsa malo okhudzidwa, mosasamala kanthu kuti ndi aakulu bwanji. Musaiwale kusokoneza malo ochepetsedwa ndi mankhwala 20% a mowa kapena mpweya wabwino. Komanso akulimbikitsidwa Sungani chomera ndi kukonzekera "Mikosan", "Ridomil", "Skor", "Topsin-M".
Bowa lakuda (wakuda)
Chomeracho chikudwala chifukwa cha maonekedwe a tizirombo zosiyanasiyana: nyemba zoyera, mealybug, aphid. Ma spores ake amachulukira mwangwiro mu zobisika zawo zabwino.
Nkhumba zimakula, ndikuphimba masamba. Chotsatira chake, chomeracho sichilandira chiwerengero chofunika cha kuwala, kufooka ndipo, ngati sichikuchiritsidwa, chimamwalira. Mankhwalawa ndi mankhwala ndi mankhwala omwewo: "Mikosan" "Ridomil", "Skor", "Topsin-M".
Matenda a Orchid
Zovuta kwambiri, koma orchids amatha kudwala ndi matenda a tizilombo. Ngati matenda omwewo akupezeka m'dothi limodzi, Iyenera kuchotsedwa mwachangu kwa ena ndikuwonongedwa. Palibe njira iliyonse yothandiza kuchiza mbewu kwa mavairasi.
Chinthu chosasangalatsa kwambiri ndi chakuti kachilombo kawonekedwe kamene sikangadziwonekere mmunda kwa nthawi yaitali. Za izo zikhoza kusonyeza mawonekedwe osinthika ndi mtundu wa chomeracho. Kumbukirani: Ngati muli ndi maluwa angapo ndi kuthirira ndi wamba mu chidebe chimodzi, zomera zonse zimadwala.
N'zotheka kutenga kachilomboka pamene mukuchiritsa orchid ndi zipangizo. Mwamsanga pamene zinthu zabwino zowonjezera ziwoneke, zimangowonjezereka. Mkhalidwe woterewu umachepa kwambiri kapena umachepa kutentha, chinyezi, kusintha kwa malo, zomwe zimachititsa kuti orchid ikhale ndi nkhawa.
Ngati mukuganiza kuti chomera chili ndi kachilombo koyambitsa matenda, choyamba muyenera kuchipatula ndikuchichiza ndi mankhwala enaake, kenako ndi fungicide.
Orchids ndi maluwa odabwitsa omwe angathe kukongoletsa chipinda chilichonse. Koma zimakhala zovuta kwambiri pa chisamaliro, kupatuka kumene kumabweretsa matenda osiyanasiyana.Ndikofunika kuti nthawi zonse muzigwira njira zosiyanasiyana zothandizira, kukula ndi maluwa.
