Ngakhale kuti mphesa zakula ndi anthu kwa zaka zoposa chikwi, oweta sasiya ntchito kuti alime mitundu yatsopano yokhala ndi machitidwe abwino. M'modzi mwa omwe akuimira zatsopano zamakono ndi Annie, yemwe watchuka pakati pa omwe amapanga vinyo chifukwa cha kukoma kwake komanso maonekedwe ake owoneka bwino. Kodi ndi ziti zazikulu zamitundu iyi komanso momwe mungapangire zikhalidwe zabwino kwambiri patsamba lanu?
Mbiri ya mphesa za anyuta zomwe zikukula
Maonekedwe a Anyuta, omwe amapanga vinyo amawakakamiza kukhala oweta Russian amateur obereka V.N. Krainov. Adawotcha izi podutsa Talisman ndi Radiant Kishmish ndipo adazitcha dzina la mdzukulu wake.
Kuphatikiza pa Annie, Krainov adapanga mitundu yopitilira mphesa yambiri, yambiri yomwe imadziwika ku Russia ndi mayiko a CIS.
Mu 2016, mitundu yonse ya Alluta idaphatikizidwa mu State Register of Kuswana Achibwino, monga kuvomerezedwa kuti ikalimidwe m'minda yaminda. Mwakulemba, olemba adapatsidwa V. N. Krainov, I. A. Kostrikin, L. P. Troshin ndi L. A. Maistrenko.
Kufotokozera kwa kalasi
Zosiyanasiyana Anyuta ali ndi mphamvu zambiri zokulira. Ndikapangidwe kolondola pofika zaka zitatu, imafika mita itatu kutalika. Masamba ndi akulu, osasanjika, osapindika. Maluwa okongola a Annie amatha kupukutidwa mosavuta ngakhale nthawi yamvula.
Zipatso zopitilira muyeso za Annie ndizambiri. Kulemera kwawo nthawi zambiri kumaposa magalamu 15. Masango ndi owoneka bwino, okhala mawonekedwe. Unyinji wawo nthawi zambiri umachokera ku 500 mpaka 900 magalamu. Koma mukakhala ndi nyengo yabwino komanso chisamaliro chokwanira, imatha kufika 1.5 kg.
Kutalika kwa zipatso za Anyuta kumatha kufika 3.5 cm
Peel ya zipatso ndi wandiweyani, pinki yowala. Guwa ndi lanyama, likatsanuliridwanso, limatha kukhala losasinthika mucous. Zipatso za anyuta zili ndi mbewu 1-2. Nthawi zina kuchuluka kwawo kumatha kuchuluka mpaka 4.
Makhalidwe a mphesa za anyuta
Anyuta ndi mphesa za tebulo zosiyanasiyana zapakati pakubzala. Kuyambira kuchiyambiyambi kwa nyengo yomera mpaka kubzala kwa zipatso, pafupifupi masiku 140 zidutsa. M'madera akumwera kwa dziko lathu, nthawi yakututa nthawi zambiri imagwera theka loyamba la Seputembala. M'malo okhala ndi nyengo yozizira, amasuntha pafupi koyambirira kwa Okutobala.
Annie si m'modzi mwa mitundu yakucha yakucha. Amabweretsa zipatso zoyambirira mchaka chachisanu cha kulima. Koma kuchepa kumeneku sikungathetse zokolola zochuluka. Zopitilira zipatso zoposa 6 kg zitha kutengedwa kuchokera ku chitsamba chimodzi chachikulire, ndipo mpaka 188 centers pa hekitala imodzi yotseka.
Ndi chisamaliro chabwino komanso nyengo yabwino, anyuta amatha kubweretsa zipatso zokoma komanso zokongola.
Ubweya wamphepo wa zipatso za Alluta umakhala ndi kukoma kwambiri ndi fungo labwino la nati. Pakakhala zochulukirapo, sizipunthika ndikukhala pach chitsamba kwa nthawi yayitali. Kuphatikiza apo, zipatso zamtunduwu zimalekerera mosavuta mayendedwe ndi kusungidwa kwakutali.
Ndi chinyezi chambiri, zipatso za Annie zimatha kusweka.
Mphesa za anyuta zimatha kupirira kutentha mpaka -22 ° C. M'madera okhala ndi nyengo yozizira kwambiri, amafunika malo ogona. Kukaniza matenda a fungal mu mitundu iyi ndi avareji. Akatswiriwo amawaikira pamlingo wa 3.5.
Kanema: Kukambirana kosiyanasiyana kwa Anuta
Zambiri zaukadaulo waulimi
Annie ndi mtundu wosavomerezeka. Komabe, kuti tipeze zokolola zochuluka kwa omwe amagulitsa vinyo omwe asankha kubzala anyuta patsamba lawo, ndikofunikira kusunga malamulo oyang'anira zaulimi.
Tikufika
Annie, monga mitundu ina yonse ya mphesa, amamva bwino dzuwa ndipo amatetezedwa ndi mphepo. Ku Central Russia, nthawi zambiri imabzalidwa m'mphepete mwa kum'mwera kwa njerwa kapena miyala, yomwe sikuti imangoletsa zovuta zoyipa, komanso kupewa kuziziritsa kwambiri tchire usiku, ndikuwapatsa kutentha komwe kumalandira masana. Mukadzala mitundu yayitali ngati imeneyi, monga anyuta, mtunda kuchokera kuma nyumba kupita ku tchire uyenera kukhala osachepera 70 cm.
Annie saumirira kwambiri pamapangidwe a nthaka. Simalola dothi lokhala ndi mchere wambiri. Madzi okwanira pansi, omwe nthawi zambiri amachititsa kuti mizu iwonongeke, amadzivulazanso.
Kusankha koyenera kubzala zinthu ndikofunikira. Zomera zathanzi zimakhala ndi zotanuka, kudula mizu yoyera popanda zizindikiro zowonongeka kapena nkhungu, ndipo imaphukira. Ndikwabwino kugula mbande zazikulu ndi malo osungirako maluwa. Izi zikuthandizira kuti zisamakulidwe komanso zizomera zomwe zimasungidwa bwino.
Mbande zamphamvu ndi zathanzi ndizofunikira kwambiri pakukolola bwino
Anyuta amakhala ndi mizu yabwino kwambiri, kotero mmera ukhoza kukonzedwa palokha. Kuti muchite izi, dulani phesi kuchokera ku chomera chomwe mumakonda ndikuchiyika m'madzi mpaka mizu itawonekera. Ngati mungafune, madziwo akhoza kusinthidwa ndi utuchi wonyowa kapena gawo lina. Pafupifupi, masabata 2-4 ndi okwanira kuti mawonekedwe a mizu.
Kanema: zochenjera za mizu yodula mphesa
Mphesa za anyuta zimabzalidwe nthawi ya masika ndi yophukira. Malinga ndi omwe adziwa kale vinyo, amakonda kupatsidwa kubzala kwa masika, zomwe zimathandiza kuti chomera chomera chizikhala ndi mizu yolimba nyengo yachisanu isanayambe. Izi ndizowona makamaka kumadera omwe ali ndi nyengo yayifupi komanso yozizira.
Kuti mudzala anyuta, dzenje lakuya masentimita 70. Ngati mbewu zingapo zamtunduwu zibzalidwe, mtunda pakati pawo uzikhala mita imodzi. Kubzala pafupipafupi kumatha kubweretsa zovuta zoletsa mbewu, motero, kumachepetsa kwambiri zipatso.
Mukadzala masika, dzenje limakonzedwa mu kugwa. Denga lamiyala ing'onoing'ono yokhala ndi makulidwe osachepera 10 cm limayikidwa pansi pake. Imathandiza kuti madzi asasunthike, zomwe zimatsogolera kuzola mizu. Kenako dzenjelo limadzazidwa ndi dothi losakanikirana ndi feteleza wovuta, yemwe angalowe m'malo ndi phulusa la nkhuni, ndikuthilira madzi ambiri, pambuyo pake amaiwala za izi kufikira nthawi yamasika.
Mphesa zimabzalidwa pambuyo poopseza chisanu mobwerezabwereza ndipo dziko litentha mpaka kutentha +15 ° C. Amapangidwa m'magawo angapo:
- Pansi pa dzenje, kuthandizira kumayikidwa kawiri kuposa msawo.
- Kuchokera kumbali yakumwera, ikani mmera pakona pa 45 ° padziko lapansi ndikuwumangirira mosamala kuti uthandizire.
- Amadzaza dzenje ndi mchenga wosakanikirana ndi chernozem, ndikuonetsetsa kuti khosi la mizu limakhalabe ndi 4-5 masentimita pamwamba pa nthaka.
- Mothiriridwa lapansi amaphatikizidwa bwino ndikuthiridwa bwino ndi madzi.
- Chozungulira chingwe chimakhala ndi mulus, utuchi kapena moss.
Kanema: momwe mungabzalire mphesa molondola
Zosamalidwa
Kusamalira mphesa za anyuta kumaphatikizapo kuthirira nthawi zonse, kumasula mitengo ikuluikulu ndi kutalikirana kwa mzere, kuvala pamwamba, kapangidwe ka mpesa komanso kupha tizilombo komanso matenda. Kuphatikiza apo, zigawo zomwe zimakhala ndi kutentha kwa chisanu pansi -22 ° C, ziyenera kuphimba.
Kuthirira ndi feteleza
Annuta ndi mtundu wa mphesa osagwira chilala, koma m'malo omwe kumatentha kwambiri komanso mvula yokwanira, kumafunikira kuthirira nthawi zonse. Nthawi zambiri amapangidwa kawiri kapena katatu pachaka chimodzi. Komanso kumadera akum'mwera, kuthirira kuthirira madzi kumachitika nthawi zambiri kumapeto kwamasika ndi nthawi yophukira.
Kupanda chinyezi kumaphwanya zipatso
Chinyontho chowonjezera chimakhala chowopsa kwambiri kwa mphesa kuposa kusowa kwake. Imawonjezera zovuta zoyipa za kutentha kochepa ndipo imatsogolera pakupanga matenda a fungus. Simungathe kuthirira nthawi yamaluwa ndi kucha zipatso, chifukwa nthawi zambiri chimakhala chifukwa chogwetsera maluwa ndi zipatso zosweka.
Gawo lobiriwira la mphesa limasokoneza kwambiri kukhudzana ndi madzi, motero limathirira madzi mapaipi kapena mabowo. Njira yosavuta ndiyo yomaliza. Nthawi imeneyi, madzi amathiridwa m'maenje okumba mozungulira chitsamba mozama mainchesi 25. Nthawi yomweyo, madzi okwanira malita 50 amamwetsa mita imodzi ya kutalika. Pambuyo pakuwukha, bowo limakutidwa ndi nthaka.
Alimi odziwa bwino nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito mapaipi amadzi kuthirira mphesa, zitha kuperekera madzi mwachindunji ku mizu ya anyuta, yomwe ili pansi kwambiri. Kuti ziwayike motalikirana ndi 50-70 masentimita kuchokera pachitsamba, kukumba dzenje la masentimita 70x70x70.Dulani malo okumba kutalika pafupifupi 30 cm ndikutsanulira pansi pake ndikuyiyika pulayimale ya pulasitiki kapena yachitsulo yotalika masentimita 4 mpaka 15, ndiye kuti chitolirochi chimakutidwa ndi nthaka, kuti chitolirochi chimakutidwa ndi dothi. protruded ndi 20-30 cm.
Vidiyo: kukhazikitsa chitoliro chamadzimadzi chothirira mizu
Mukamadyetsa mphesa za anyuta zosiyanasiyana, feteleza ndi michere yonse ya michere imagwiritsidwa ntchito. Nthawi zambiri zimayikidwa pamodzi ndi kuthirira. Komanso, kasupe amagwiritsa ntchito feteleza wokhala ndi nayitrogeni yambiri, ndipo nthawi yotentha komanso nthawi yophukira anyuta amadya mankhwala a potaziyamu ndi phosphorous.
Kudulira
Annie amasiyanitsidwa ndi mphamvu yayikulu yakukula, chifukwa chake, iyenera kukonzedwa. Imachitika chaka chilichonse, nthawi yatha ikatha. Olima okhwima amalangizidwa kuti azidulira mpesa wamtundu wamtunduwu pamlingo wa 8-12 masamba. Mphukira zowonjezera zimathandizidwanso bwino. Pa chitsamba chimodzi sayenera kupitirira 30-30 zidutswa.
Zoyenera kupsa ndi zosapsa za mpesa zimafunikira. Pamodzi ndi iwo, mphukira wouma kwambiri komanso wowonda amachotsedwa.
Pazodulira mphesa gwiritsani ntchito zida zotsukira zokha.
Anyuta amafunikanso kusintha mbewuyo kuti ikhale yolimba. Mukadzaza tchire, kukoma kwa zipatsozo kumacheperachepera ndipo nthawi yakucha imakulanso. Popewa izi, palibe masamba awiri kapena atatu omwe amangotsalira pa mphukira iliyonse. Mu mbewu zazing'ono, kuchuluka kwa maburashi kumachepetsedwa.
Kuteteza Tizilombo ndi Matenda
Zosiyanasiyana Anyuta amalimbana ndi matenda ambiri a fungus. Minda yamphesa ku Russia imakonda kugwiritsidwa ntchito monga Topaz, Chorus, Strobi ndi Thanos. Amasulira mitengo ya mphesa kangapo munyengo:
- kumayambiriro kwa nyengo yachilimwe, nyengo isanayambe;
- pa duwa la masamba;
- pambuyo maluwa.
Mitundu ya mphesa yotsekemera nthawi zambiri imavutika ndi mavu, koma anyuta amatetezedwa bwino ndi tizilomboti ndi khungu lowonda lomwe sangawononge. Ndi mbalame zokha zomwe zimatha kusangalala ndi zipatso zakupsa. Kuletsa kuwukira kwawo ndikosavuta. Ndikokwanira kuyika matumba owonongera mphesa, osalola alendo osadulidwa kuti adye ndi zipatso zokoma. Ngati zingafunike, chitsamba chitha kuphimbidwa ndi mauna abwino.
Mauna abwino amateteza bwino masango a Annie kwa mbalame
Kukonzekera yozizira
M'madera ambiri a dziko lathu, mitundu ya Annie imafuna malo ogona nthawi yachisanu, yomwe imawateteza ku chisanu kwambiri. Mukangodulira, chitsamba chimamangidwa ndikugwada pansi mosamala. Pamwamba imakutidwa ndi burlap kapena zinthu zopanda nsalu. Pofuna kupewa kuwonongeka kwa mphepo yamphamvu, mbali zake ndizokhazikika. Kuti muwonjezere kutulutsa kwamphamvu, amatha kuponyedwa ndi nthambi za chipale chofewa komanso matalala.
Zipangizo zomwe amagwiritsa ntchito posungira mphesa nthawi yachisanu ziyenera kudutsa bwino
Chapakatikati, pogona chimachotsedwa pokhazikitsa nyengo yofunda yokhazikika. Ngati chiwopsezo chobwerera chisanu, zinthuzo zimasungidwa m'malo mwake mpaka masamba atatseguka. Poterepa, ndikofunikira kuti mabowo angapo azikhala ndi mpweya wabwino wotsekera.
Ndemanga za omwe amapanga vinyo
Wanga "Annie" chaka chino inali nthawi yoyamba kupsinjika. Bush wa chaka chachisanu. Masango monga kusankha! Lokoma, onunkhira, olemekezeka, olemera a nutmeg - okongola kwambiri! Khungu lonenepa pang'ono, koma lodyedwa! Koma imapachika kwa nthawi yayitali komanso popanda mavuto! Chaka chino adanyamuka chisanu chisanafike ndipo pa siteji iyi timadya, mopanda izi, osataya chilichonse! Ngakhale chisa chimakhala chobiriwira! Zodabwitsa
Tatyana Viktorovna//forum.vinograd.info/showthread.php?t=408&page=71
Ndili ndi anyuta wopikisana ndi zowawa. Izi zinaonekera kwambiri nyengo yamvula ya 2013. M'mbuyomu, mu 2014, m'malo mwake, kudali kowuma komanso kutentha, sikumapweteka pafupipafupi, koma ngati kunali kufatsa, ndiye kuti pa anyuta koyambirira.
Pro100Nick//vinforum.ru/index.php?topic=292.0
Annie alidi mtundu wopambana kwambiri wa V.N.Krainov! Ndikhulupirira kuti ali ndi tsogolo labwino komanso moyo wautali! Imapachika bwino popanda kutaya kukoma ndi kugulitsa; Sindinawonepo nandolo pa fomu iyi patsamba lililonse, zamkati sizikhala zamadzi, nutmeg ndiyosangalatsa .. Aliyense amene amalola malowo ndikugwira ntchito pa mabulosi amatha kubzala zambiri! Fomuyi ndiwokonda koyambirira kwa Seputembala!
Liplyavka Elena Petrovna//www.vinograd7.ru/forum/viewtopic.php?f=58&t=1430&start=20
A Myuta anga amabala zipatso chaka chachiwiri. Zaka zonsezi mawonekedwe a mphesa ndi abwino kwambiri. Lawani ndi muscat womveka bwino. Kukula ndi kukana matenda, ndikuganiza, ndizapakati.
Vladimir Vasiliev//forum.vinograd.info/showthread.php?t=408&page=6
M'chaka chachiwiri, mapewa awiri, basi ya anyuta idasiya zikwangwani zinayi (thead adati, ndizotheka kusiya zina zambiri). Mabulosiwo atatsala pang'ono kukula, zipatsozo zinang'ambika ndi dzuwa, khumi. Ndidayamba kulodza nkhwangwa m'maganizo, koma kumayambiriro kwa Seputembala, nditalawa mabulosi kucha, ndidakondwera ndi kukoma kwake; nati, uchi, khungu lodyedwa. Ndizachisoni palibenso malo pamalowo, pafupifupi onse mu kope limodzi, nditha kuwonjezera chitsamba china.
alexey 48//lozavrn.ru/index.php/topic,115.15.html
Mawonekedwe abwino! Osadwala, opatsa zipatso, okongola, osaphulika. Zachidziwikire, mvula ikagwa, kuyika pang'ono pang'ono, osati kwenikweni. Sindinapachikepo chisanu chisanadye - idadyedwa nthawi yomweyo. Thupi langa, ngati gour, ndi 1-12. Peel ndiyotsekera pang'ono, koma ndikuganiza kuti ndiyophatikiza - mavu samamenya kwambiri, koma samva zambiri pakudya.
Belichenko Dmitryvinforum.ru/index.php?topic=292.0
Annie anaphatikiza, mwina, zabwino zonse za mphesa. Imakhala ndi kakomedwe kakang'ono komanso mawonekedwe abwino a zipatso, komanso imakhala ndi kukana kwambiri pamikhalidwe yoyipa, kotero mitundu iyi imatha kukula popanda zovuta ngakhale oyambitsa vinyo.
