Kuti mupeze zipatso zokoma komanso zapamwamba za mavwende pamafunika khama. Chikhalidwe pa gawo lililonse la chitukuko chimafuna chakudya china ndipo ngati sichingaperekedwe pa nthawi, osati chomera chokhacho chidzavutika, komanso mbewu yamtsogolo. Kuvala kwa watermelon kumatha kuchitika ndi feteleza komanso michere, ndipo ndibwino kuziphatikiza, zomwe zitsimikizire kuti zakudya zabwino zimadya.
Momwe mungadziwire zoperewera
Mukakulitsa mavwende, njira yofunikira ndiyo kuvala pamwamba. Mutha kuthilira chikhalidwe ichi ndi mitundu ingapo, yosavuta kupeza mu mawonekedwe omalizidwa komanso m'manja mwanu. Kuti mabulosi azikula komanso kuti akhale apamwamba kwambiri, akabzalidwe, zinthu zina ziyenera kupezeka munthaka, kuchepa kwake komwe kumatha kutsimikizika ndi boma la chomera:
- Nitrogen Popeza chinthuchi chimakhudzidwa ndi ntchito ya photosynthesis, kuchepa kwake kumawonekera mu mawonekedwe a kukula pang'onopang'ono kwa mbewu, kupangidwa kwa mphukira zazifupi komanso zazifupi, inflorescence yaying'ono, komanso masamba okhala ndi mtundu wobiriwira. Kuphatikiza apo, chidwi cha mitsempha chimawonekera pamasamba otsika, kenako kumtunda.
- Phosphorous Ngakhale kuti chinthuchi chimapezeka kwambiri mu chernozem, sichimapezeka mwanjira yomwe mbewu zimafunikira, ndiye kuti, sizingatheke kuyamwa. Ma mbewa amafunika phosphorous nthawi yonse yakukula. Popanda izi, mizu ya mbeu imakhala yofooka, masamba ali ochepa komanso amtundu wobiriwira kapena wonyezimira. Masamba akuluakulu omwe amakhala pafupi ndi mphukira amapita pang'onopang'ono chikasu, ndipo mawanga a bulauni amawonekera pakati pamitsempha. Kenako masamba apamwamba amakhudzidwa. Pambuyo kuyanika, zida za pepala zimasanduka zakuda. Kuphatikiza pakuchepetsa kukula kwa mbewu, thumba losunga mazira limawonekanso mochedwa, ndipo masamba atsopano amapangika pang'ono.
- Potaziyamu Izi zimawongolera mulingo wamadzi. Kuperewera kwake kumawonekera ngati chomera cholimira. Ngati mbewuyo ilibe potaziyamu munthawi yophukira, zipatso zake zimachepetsedwa. Kuti apange kuchepa kwa chinthuchi m'nthaka, feteleza ndi potaziyamu ayenera kuyikiridwa.
- Calcium Chifukwa cha chinthu ichi, ntchito yofunikira ya zimagwira ma cell imatsimikizika. Kuperewera kwa zinthu kumawonekera mu mawonekedwe a maluwa osabala komanso kufa kwa thumba losunga mazira. Zipatso zomwe zimakhala zopanda calcium, zimachepera yaying'ono komanso zopanda pake, komanso zomwe zimatha kukula kwa inflorescence.
- Magnesium Zoyipa zamtunduwu zimawonekera m'magawo okhala ndi chinyezi chambiri. Masamba opaka masamba ndi mawanga a bulauni pakati pamitsempha amachitira umboni wa kusowa kwa chinthu.
Kanema: Zizindikiro zakuchepa kwa michere yazomera
Zopangira feteleza zama gourds
Kuti akwaniritse zokolola zambiri za ma gourds, macronutrients mwa mbewu ayenera kuyamwa kwambiri. Feteleza woperewera amadzalowetsedwa pansi m'nthawi yofesa. Kukhazikitsidwa kwa gawo limodzi kapena kwina kumatengera gawo lachitukuko cha chikhalidwe. Chimodzi mwazinthu zofunika zomwe zimapatsa thanzi mavwende ndi potaziyamu. Ndi zochuluka zokwanira m'zinthu izi, maluwa adzakhala okhazikika, zokolola zidzachuluka, mbewu yolimbana ndi tizirombo ndipo matenda adzayamba kuyenda bwino.
Ndikofunikira kudziwa kuti feteleza wa mchere amamugwiritsa ntchito atanyowetsa nthaka, ndiye kuti, atathilira kapena mvula, pambuyo pake dothi limasulidwa. Ngati mupanga michere popanda kuyamba kunyowetsa, ndiye kuti kugwiritsa ntchito bwino kwake kumayandikira ziro. Kuti mupeze mbewu zonse za mavwende komanso ma gour mu nyengo yonseyi yokulira, pamafunika kuyambitsa mchere ndi michere yonse. Feteleza akhoza kukhala wamadzimadzi kapena mawonekedwe olimba. Tiyeni tikambirane mwatsatanetsatane chomwe chimapanga chinthu china kapena chopatsa thanzi.
Nitrogen
Feteleza wamba wophatikizidwa ndi urea (urea), ammonium nitrate ndi ammonium sulfate.
Urea
Urea ndi feteleza wotchuka wa nayitrogeni yemwe amakhudza bwino kukula kwa chomera, akufulumizitsa njira ya photosynthesis. Komabe, zinthu zochuluka kwambiri padziko lapansi zimathandizira kukula kwamphamvu kwa zobiriwira. Zotsatira zake, masamba ndi mphukira zimamera mu chivwende, ndipo kuchuluka kwa maluwa kudzakhala kochepa. Wokolola ndi waukulu Mlingo wa urea amadziwika ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ndi kuwonongeka kwa kukoma.
Urea ndi amodzi mwa feteleza wotchuka kwambiri pakati pa feteleza wa nayitrogeni.
Ammonium nitrate
Feteleza wokhala ndi nayitrogeni monga ammonium nitrate amakhala ndi 34% nayitrogeni. Sitikulimbikitsidwa kudyetsa ma gourds ndi mafuta amtunduwu, chifukwa ma nitrate amadziunjikira zipatso, zomwe zimawononga thanzi la munthu. Komabe, ngati mukumvetsetsa, ndiye kuti Mlingo wa nitrate wowonjezereka ungapangike pokhapokha nitrate itayambitsidwa zochuluka. Kutengera izi, titha kunena kuti kuyambitsa nitrate pansi pa chivwende yaying'ono sikungavulaze thanzi la munthu.
Ammonium sulfate
Ammonium sulfate amasiyana ndi feteleza wina wa nayitrogeni chifukwa amakhala ndi sulufule. Ubwino wa fetelezayu ndi wotsika mtengo poyerekeza ndi urea ndi nitrate. Kuphatikiza pa ma gourds, ammonium sulfate angagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati zitsamba ndi masamba. Chofunikira pa fetelezayu ndi chakuti chinthu ichi ndichopweteketsa kwathunthu kwa anthu.
Chimodzi mwazinthu feteleza wa nayitrogeni chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mineral top dressing ndi ammonium sulfate, yomwe imakhala ndi sulufule kuwonjezera pa nayitrogeni
Phosphate
Chimodzi mwazofunikira feteleza wa mbewu iliyonse, kuphatikizapo mavwende, ndi phosphate kapena chidziwitso kwa onse - feteleza wa phosphate (phosphates sungunuka). Ammophos ndi superphosphate amatha kusiyanitsidwa ndi otchuka kwambiri.
Ammophos
Ammophos ndi granule yopepuka ya imvi yomwe imakhala ndi nitrogen 12% ndi 52% phosphorous. Osasokoneza ammophos ndi ammophos, chifukwa awa ndi mafeteleza osiyana pang'ono. Kuphatikiza pa nayitrogeni (12%) ndi phosphorous (15%), phosphate ya ammoni ilinso ndi potaziyamu (15%) ndi sulufule (mpaka 14%).
Olima ena ali ndi lingaliro kuti pakuphatikizidwa kwa ammophos kulibe nitrogen yokwanira. Komabe, ziyenera kukumbukiridwa kuti mawonekedwe awa amagwiritsidwa ntchito, choyambirira, monga chakudya cha phosphorous. Kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza kumathandizira kukula kwa mizu ya mbewu, kumawonjezera kukana matenda ndi nyengo, kumapangitsa kuti zipatso zikhale bwino, komanso zimakhudzanso chitetezo cha mbewu yomwe yatuta. Ammophos imagwira ntchito makamaka kumadera louma komwe dothi limasowa phosphorous.
Superphosphate
Feteleza monga superphosphate akhoza kukhala amitundu yosiyanasiyana:
- zosavuta;
- pawiri;
- granular;
- wokondwa.
Mitundu ina imakhala ndi magnesium, molybdenum, boron ndi zinthu zina. Kuchuluka kwa phosphorous mu feteleza kumasiyana 20 mpaka 50%. Ubwino waukulu wa superphosphate ndikuti ndi feteleza wosungunuka ndi madzi. Izi zimathandizira kuti mbewuyo ikhale ndi chakudya chambiri mukamavala pamwamba pamavuto amadzimadzi.
Superphosphate ndi feteleza wosungunuka m'madzi wokhala ndi phosphorous yambiri (20-50%)
Potashi
Popeza potaziyamu amachita mbali yofunika kwambiri pakukula kwa mbeu, kuyambitsa kwake sikungakhale kopanda tanthauzo.
Potaziyamu mankhwala enaake
Chimodzi mwazinthu zodziwika bwino za feteleza wa potashi ndi ma gourds ndi potaziyamu mankhwala enaake. Izi zimathandizira kukana kwa chivwende kuti ndizosokoneza chilengedwe ndi matenda, kumalimbitsa mizu. Kuphatikizidwa kwa potaziyamu kloridi kumaphatikizapo 65% potaziyamu ndi chlorine, pomwe nthawi nkutsukidwa ndi kuthilira ndi mpweya kuchokera munthaka. Monga potashi wodyetsa mbewu, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito potaziyamu sulfate kapena potaziyamu nitrate.
Mavalidwe achizungu
Feteleza zachilengedwe zitha kugawidwa mu zinthu zachilengedwe ndi nyama. Amakhala ndi nayitrogeni, potaziyamu ndi phosphorous. Zinthu zonsezi ziyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito muyezo.
Zamasamba
Monga chakudya chomera, humus, kulowetsedwa kwa udzu, vermicompost, komanso phulusa lamatabwa nthawi zambiri limagwiritsidwa ntchito.
Humus
Njira yabwino yodyetsera mavwende ndi humus, yomwe ndi gawo la dothi lomwe limapangidwa pakuwola kwa mbewu ndi zotsalira za nyama. Kuzungulira kwa humus kwambiri kumapezeka mu dothi la chernozem. Pothira feteleza, ma ndowe, mahatchi ndi ndowe.
Herb kulowetsedwa
A koma yosavuta komanso nthawi yomweyo yothandiza feteleza ndi kulowetsedwa kwa udzu. Iliyonse m'dera lawo nthawi yolimbana ndi namsongole, imagwira udzu. Komabe, ndiye kuti sikofunikira kuti udzu uzichotsa pakuwotcha - ungagwiritsidwe ntchito kukonzekera kulowetsedwa. Ngakhale chakudya choterocho sichidzalowa m'malo mwa humus, kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza ophatikizidwa kumakupatsani mwayi wokolola wabwino.
Kanema: feteleza waponseponse kuchokera ku kulowetsedwa kwa zitsamba
Vermicompost
Payokha, ndikofunikira kuyimitsa biohumus, chifukwa feteleza wokonzedwa pamtengowu amapatsa thanzi kangapo pamanyowa ndi manyowa kompositi. Biohumus ndi feteleza wopangidwa kuchokera ku michere ya ku California. Pambuyo pokonza, organic chimbudzi amakhalabe pansi, oyenera kumizidwa ndi mbeu. Ubwino wa vermicompost ndi kusowa kwa microflora ya pathogenic ndi namsongole. Feteleza bwino kukoma kwa zipatso ndikuwonjezera kukana kwa mbewu ku matenda.
Phulusa
Wamaluwa ndi wamaluwa amagwiritsa ntchito phulusa lamatabwa, chomwe chimapezeka kuchokera pakuphatikiza nkhuni, udzu, udzu, masamba. Phulusa lili ndi zinthu zomwe zimatsimikizira kukula kwa mbewu. Izi zimaphatikizapo zinc, magnesium, sodium, sulfure, phosphorous, calcium, boron. Ndikulowetsa phulusa munthaka, chomera chotsutsana ndi tizirombo chimachulukirachulukirachulukira, kukana matenda komanso kukoma kwa mbewu zikukula.
Chimodzi mwazinthu feteleza ndi phulusa lamatabwa, lomwe lili ndi zinthu monga zinc, magnesium, sodium, sulfure, phosphorous, calcium, boron
Nyama
Zina mwa feteleza zachilengedwe zomwe zimachokera ku nyama, zotchuka kwambiri ndi manyowa, ndowe za mbalame ndi mullein.
Manyowa
Munthu anganene mopanda kukokosera za manyowa kuti feteleza wabwino kwambiri komanso wafala kwambiri. Zomwe zimapangidwira zimatha kusiyana malinga ndi zinyalala zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi nyama (utuchi, udzu). Nthawi zambiri zimavomerezedwa kuti manyowa abwino kwambiri ndi omwe amagwiritsa ntchito zofunda ngati udzu. Chifukwa cha udzu, feteleza amapeza mawonekedwe abwino, ndipo pakuwonongeka kwa zinthu zofunikira zimaperekedwa. Kutengera kuchuluka kwa manyowa, mtundu wa feteleza umasiyananso: kukwera kochulukirapo, manyowa amakhala ndi apamwamba kwambiri, chifukwa ndizosavuta kuti mbewu zitha kuyamwa michere.
Ndikofunikanso kukumbukira kuti manyowa atsopano sagwiritsidwa ntchito, koma akungochulukitsa. Kupanda kutero, kuphatikiza ndi feteleza woterowo kumasokoneza chitetezo chokwanira cha mbewu, kuchedwetsa kukula kwawo, ndikumva kukoma. Kuphatikiza apo, manyowa atsopano amapanga kutentha kochulukirapo koyambirira kwa kuwola kwake, komwe kumangowononga mbewu. Kuphatikiza apo, mu feteleza mbewu za udzu ndi mazira a tizirombo timakhala, zomwe zikadzetsedwa mu nthaka zimangovulaza.
Manyowa ndi feteleza wofunika organic yemwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri kukonza chonde m'nthaka.
Ndowera mbalame
Madontho a mbalame amatchuka chimodzimodzi, makamaka nkhuku. Thupi limakhala ndi zinthu zambiri zothandiza, makamaka, magnesium, nayitrogeni, phosphorous, potaziyamu. Chidacho chimadziwikanso ndi kuwonongeka mwachangu komanso kuchitapo kanthu. Tiyenera kudziwa kuti sizoyenera kugwiritsa ntchito zinyalala mu mawonekedwe ake, popeza feteleza amakhala wambiri.
Kugwiritsa ntchito ndowa mosasamala kwa nkhuku kumatha kuwotcha mbewu, chifukwa uric acid imakhalapo. Zinyalala zimagwiritsidwa ntchito, monga lamulo, mu mawonekedwe a michere ya michere, kuyipukuta ndi madzi, mu kugwa imayikidwa mu mawonekedwe owuma, ndipo kasupe imakumbidwa. Itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito mu April, koma mawonekedwe a kompositi yopukuta. Kompositi ndi chinthu chachilengedwe komanso chamoyo chomwe chimawola mchikakamizo cha ntchito yofunika ya tizilombo.
Kanema: Kudyetsa ku zitosi za nkhuku
Mullein
Mullein - feteleza wokondedwa wamaluwa ambiri, yemwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chovala pamwamba ndikuyimira kulowetsedwa kwa manyowa a ng'ombe. Malonda ake ndi achilengedwe. Muli kuchuluka kwa nayitrogeni, calcium, potaziyamu ndi phosphorous, komanso zinthu zina zambiri zothandiza. Mullein ndi chopukusa pamimba pomwe nthawi zonse pamakhala thovu.
Mullein kulowetsedwa amagwiritsidwa ntchito podyetsa mbewu zam'munda zosiyanasiyana
Zomwe zili bwino: feteleza wa mchere kapena organic
Malingaliro a wamaluwa okhudzana ndi kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza ndiosiyana: ena amakonda zinthu zokhazokha, pomwe ena amakhulupirira kuti popanda feteleza wopanda mchere mutha kupeza zokolola zabwino. Kodi zinthu zilidi bwanji? Mfundoyi ikuyenera kuunikanso mwatsatanetsatane kuti mumvetsetse kuti ndi feteleza uti amene angakonde ndi chifukwa chake.
Poyamba, ziyenera kudziwika kuti zolengedwa zimadziwika chifukwa chachitali poyerekeza ndi feteleza wa mchere. Izi zikuchitika chifukwa cha kuwola pang'onopang'ono kwa zinthu zachilengedwe m'nthaka, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kapangidwe kake kazikhala bwino, komanso kudziunjikira kwa humus. Komabe, ziyenera kukumbukiridwa kuti kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza wachilengedwe pafupipafupi kumathandizira kuti ma nitrate ambiri azomera. Izi ndichifukwa cha zomwe zimapezeka mu nayitrogeni mu feteleza wotere.
Ubwino wa michere ya mchere umaphatikizapo kugwiritsa ntchito mosavuta. Lero mutha kugula zida zofunikira pazomera zina, koma feteleza ngatiyu sangathe kuthetsa vuto la chonde. Kuphatikiza apo, zinthu zina zimachulukitsa nthaka, kotero kugwiritsa ntchito mchere pazidulo za acidic popanda malire kungakhale kopanda ntchito. Izi ndichifukwa choti mbewu zambiri zamasamba ndi zipatso zimakonda kulowererapo, pang'onopang'ono acidic ndi alkaline. Koma dothi lokhala ndi acidic, mbewu sizingathe kuyamwa michere. Chifukwa chake, pakukula mavwende, nthaka yosafunikira ndiyofunika, i.e. pH = 7.
Feteleza zachilengedwe zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito bwino popanda mankhwala. Pankhani yogwiritsa ntchito feteleza wa mineral, posakhalitsa padzakhala kofunikira kupanga kompositi kuti dothi liziumbika bwino. Komabe, pogwiritsa ntchito michere yokha, sikungatheke kupeza zokolola zambiri, zomwe zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi kusowa komanso kuperewera bwino kwa michere. Ngakhale feteleza wachilengedwe amakhala ndi nayitrogeni, koma sikokwanira panthawi yofunikira. Chifukwa chake, kuthira feteleza ndi michere molondola kumakhala ndi zotsatira zabwino pakukula, kukula ndi zipatso za mbewu. Izi zikusonyeza kuti zolengedwa ndi michere zimathandizana wina aliyense ndipo ndikofunikira kugwiritsa ntchito mitundu yonse iwiri ya feteleza.
Kanema: feteleza kapena mchere
Mavwende ovala azitsamba
Mwa mitundu yonse ya feteleza, mankhwala wowerengeka sakhala otchuka kwambiri chifukwa chovala pamwamba.Izi zimaphatikizapo yisiti ndi ammonia.
Yisiti
Pazovala zapamwamba kwambiri, yisiti wamba yophika mkate imagwiritsidwa ntchito. Njira yothetsera michere yolumikizana ndi chinthu chotere imagwira ntchito zotsatirazi:
- kumawonjezera chonde;
- imapangitsa chomera kukula.
Kupititsa patsogolo chonde kumachitika chifukwa cha zophatikiza zamagulu opindulitsa mu yisiti, ndipo mizu imayamba ndi kuvala kofananako kangapo mwachangu. Zotsatira zake, mbewu yamphamvu kwambiri imakula, yomwe nthawi yomweyo imalandira michere yambiri.
Kwa mavwende, mutha kukonzekera ratsvor yopatsa thanzi kuchokera ku yisiti wamba, yomwe ili ndi tizilombo tothandiza
Amoni
Amoniia kapena ammonia (ammonia) nthawi zina amatha kuthandizira pakukula kwa mavwende. Popeza mankhwalawo ali ndi mankhwala a nitrogenous, mbewu zimalandira zinthu zofunika pakukonza kwa mphukira ndi masamba onse. Komabe, kugwiritsa ntchito ammonia kuyenera kungosintha ngati chomaliza, ndiye kuti pomwe mbewuyo singathe kupulumutsidwa mwa njira zina.
Amia (ammonia) nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito pophatikiza mbewu za m'munda, chifukwa mankhwalawo amakhala ndi mankhwala a nayitrogeni
Kuvala kwamizu
Zomera zilizonse za m'mundamu zimatha kudyetsedwa ndi mizu ndi njira zachabechabe. Kuvala kwamizu ndiye njira yayikulu yobweretsera michere m'nthaka pafupi ndi mizu ya chomera, yomwe imawonetsetsa kuti zikukula komanso kukula. Njira yodzala ingagwiritsidwe ntchito kwa onse mchere ndi ma organics mu mawonekedwe amadzimadzi kapena olimba.
Zomanga zamadzimadzi zimatha kukonzedwa kuchokera ku malo ogona, mullein, zitosi za mbalame kapena phulusa. Zinthu zoterezi zimayambitsidwa munthawi ya kukula kwa mbewu, mwachitsanzo, mu Meyi - koyambirira kwa Juni. Kuphatikiza apo, organic yamadzimadzi imagwiritsidwa ntchito pang'onopang'ono komanso kufowoka kwazowoneka bwino kwa mbewu. Z feteleza zolimba, monga manyowa ochokera ku ziweto za pafamu, zitosi za nkhuku ndi akalulu, zimaphatikizika kumtunda m'dzinja.
Ngati zokonda zimaperekedwa kwa feteleza wa mchere, ndiye kuti zinthu zosungunuka bwino ziyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito pakuvala mizu. Izi zimaphatikizapo nitrofoska, urea, ammophos ndi ena. Feteleza wa insoluble mineral (nayitrogeni, potashi, phosphorous) amagwiritsidwa ntchito panthaka pakugwa. Pofika kumapeto, dziko lapansi lidzakhala lodzaza ndi zinthu zofunikirazi ndipo mbewu zimatha kuzilandira bwino.
Kuvala kwamizu ndiye njira yayikulu yobweretsera michere m'nthaka pafupi ndi mizu ya chomera.
Mavalidwe apamwamba apamwamba
Kuvala kwapamwamba kwa mavwende, omwe amatchedwanso tsamba (kuvala pamwamba pa tsamba), ndiye kuyambitsa michere kudzera mumasamba, osati kudzera mu mizu. Chodabwitsa komanso mwayi wa njirayi ndikuti michere imalowetsa mbewuzo mwachangu kuposa momwe mizu imayambira. Komabe, ndi njira ya foliar, ndizosatheka kupatsa mbewu zakudya zochuluka. Mavalidwe apamwamba a Foliar amagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri pakukhazikitsa feteleza wama micronutrient ochepa, mwachitsanzo, ndiwowonjezera pakuzula mizu.
Kuti agawire njira yothira michere pamizere ndi masamba a mbewuzo, amatembenukiranso. Ndikofunika kuchita njirayi m'mawa kapena nthawi yamadzulo. Masana, mutha kuwaza kokha nyengo yamitambo, zomwe zingapangitse kapangidwe kake kukhala pamasamba nthawi yayitali. Mosasamala za feteleza wogwiritsidwa ntchito, organic kapena mchere, muyenera kusamala ndi kuperewera kwa yankho. Njira zophatikizika kwambiri, makamaka ndi feteleza wa nayitrogeni, zimatha kuwotcha masamba. Mukupopera mankhwalawa, mwachitsanzo masamba ake ali aang'ono, njira zochepa zothetsera ziyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito kusiyana ndi pochotsa masamba owundana. Urea imakhala yofala kwambiri ukamwaza: utha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito pozama kwambiri, poyerekeza ndi zinthu zina za nayitrogeni.
Kuvala pamwamba mwapamwamba kumayambitsidwa ndi kupopera mbewu pamizere ndi masamba a mbewu, zomwe zimakupatsani mwayi woperekera zinthu zofunikira pachomera
Madzi Ochiza Manyowa
Pamene chivwende chikukula, amadyetsa chomeracho kangapo. Kutengera ndi gawo la chitukuko, zina feteleza zina zimayikidwa. Mukafesa mbewu, ndikofunikira kugwiritsa ntchito dothi losakanizidwa lomwe limapangidwa ndi nthaka ndi humus muyezo wa 1: 3, komanso potashi, phosphorous ndi nayitrogeni feteleza wa 1 tbsp. l
Feteleza wa mbande za chivwende
Mukakulitsa mbande zambeji, ziyenera kuperekedwa ndi chakudya kuti mbewu zisasowe kanthu. Pa kukula, mbande zimafunika kudyetsedwa nthawi 1-2. Chimodzi mwazinthu zoyenera feteleza ndicholinga chake ndi mbalame zitosi. Kuti akonze njira yothetsera michere, zinyalala zimasakanikirana ndi madzi muyezo wa 1: 10, zitatha madziwo madzi. Kuphatikiza zinyalala, mutha kugwiritsanso ntchito mullein, feteleza yemwe wakonzedwa mwanjira yomweyo. Ngati zokonda zimaperekedwa kwa feteleza wa mchere, ndibwino kugwiritsa ntchito urea. Chepetsa zinthuzo mogwirizana ndi malangizo. Zophatikiza zomwe zalembedwazo zimakhala ndi nayitrogeni yambiri, zomwe ndizofunikira kwa mbewu poyambira kukula.
Ponena za kuvala pamwamba, nthawi yoyamba kuti mbande zibzalidwe pakapangidwe masamba awiri enieni, nthawi yachiwiri - masabata awiri asanabzalidwe poyera kapena wowonjezera kutentha. Mphamvu yabwino pakukula kwa mbande imakhala ndi phulusa. Itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito mosiyanasiyana: kutsanulira pang'ono pansi pazu kapena kuchepetsa 1 tbsp. phulusa mu malita 10 amadzi ndikuthira mbewuzo ndi njira yothetsera michere.
Koyamba mbidzi zamadzi zimadyetsedwa pakapangidwa masamba awiri owona, kachiwiri - masabata awiri musanabzalidwe m'malo okhazikika
Mavalidwe apamwamba mutabzala pansi
Pakatha masabata awiri ndikuyika mbande pamalo osatha, imadyetsedwa ndi ammonium nitrate. Kukonzekera yankho mu 10 l yamadzi, 20 g ya mankhwalawa imatsitsidwa ndipo 2 l imadyedwa pachomera chilichonse. Feteleza zachilengedwe zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito mmalo mwa feteleza wachilengedwe: mullein (1:10) kapena zitosi za mbalame (1: 20) imawuma ndi madzi, 30 g ya superphosphate ndi 15 g ya calcium calcium ena amawonjezera ndowa.
Mutha kuperekanso mbewu zofunikira muzakudya zopatsa mphamvu potengera udzu wobiriwira. Chomwe chikukonzekeretsa feteleza ndikudzaza thanki yayikulu ndi udzu wobiriwira, kenako ndikuwonjezera madzi ndikulimbikira kwa masabata awiri kapena kupitilira: osakaniza ayenera kupsa. Mutha kuwonjezera phulusa la nkhuni kapena ndowe ku nkhukuzo, potero mukulitsa phindu la yankho. Pambuyo kupesa, njira yotsanulira imasungunulidwa 1:10 ndi madzi ndikuthirira madzi okwanira lita imodzi pansi pa chitsamba.
Kugona kwa wowerengeka azitsamba, mutatha kuthira mavwende, mutha kudyetsa ndi yisiti. Kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza wamtunduwu kumapangitsa kuti kusuntha kwa mbewu kusapweteke. Yisiti yaiwisi ndi yoyenera bwino kuvala kwapamwamba, koma wamaluwa nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito yisiti youma. Pokonzekera yankho la yisiti kuchokera ku yisiti, muyenera kuchita izi:
- Sungunulani 100 g ya thupilo m'madzi atatu ndi kuphatikizira shuga pang'ono (1 tsp).
- Ikani njira yothetsera masiku 7, kenako ndikuwothira ndi madzi muyezo wa 1:10.
- 1 litre ya feteleza amathiridwa pansi pa chitsamba chilichonse.
Vidiyo: kudyetsa chivwende ndi kulowetsedwa kwazitsamba mutabzala pansi
Mavalidwe apamwamba musanakhale maluwa
Mu gawo la budding, mavwende amafunikiranso kudyetsedwa. Monga zakudya, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito 4 g ya calcium chloride ndi ammonium nitrate, komanso 6 g ya superphosphate pachomera chimodzi. Feteleza angagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati chouma ndi kuthirira musanadye kapena pambuyo pake.
Kuvala mukamapereka zipatso
Munthawi yama ovary kudyetsa mavwende, ndibwino kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza ovuta ma gourds. Ngati palibe, ndiye kuti mudyetse mbewuzo kawiri ndi masiku 15. Monga michere, michere ya boric imagwiritsidwa ntchito, yomwe imapatsa zipatsozo kukoma. Kuti akonze yankho mu 5 l lamadzi, 5 g ya asidi amachepetsedwa ndikuvala kovala pamwamba. Kuchita kuvala kwa potaziyamu-magnesium, ndikofunikira kupasuka mapiritsi a 2 Asparkam mu 0,5 l yamadzi. Njira yothetsera vutoli imawonjezeredwa ndi njira yachinsinsi.
Zipatso zikakhazikitsidwa, kuvala kumatha kuchitidwa ndi feteleza wotsatira: superphosphate (10 g), mchere wa potaziyamu (35 g), ammonium sulfate (24 g), omwe amasungunuka mu 10 l lamadzi ndikuthirira mbewu pansi pazu wa 2 l pa chitsamba chilichonse. Ngakhale superphosphate samasungunuka m'madzi, choyamba iyenera kudzazidwa ndi madzi otentha. Potaziyamu mu chakudya chimathandizira kukhwima, ndipo phosphoramu ndiye amachititsa kukula kwa chipatso. Komabe, munthu ayenera kukumbukira kuti kuchuluka kwa phosphorous kumapangitsa kuti pakhale zipatso zazing'ono.
Kudyetsa koyenera kwa mavwende kumalimbikitsa maluwa komanso kukonda zipatso
Kupereka chivwende ndi zinthu zofunika kuzifufuza nthawi yonse yakukula, mbewuyo imadyetsedwa feteleza wophatikiza ndi masiku 10-15. Mwachitsanzo, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito Uniflor-micro (supuni ziwiri pa 10 malita a madzi) kapena mankhwala ena: Master, Terraflex, Crystal, Novofert, Nutriflex. Zinthu zimagwiritsidwa ntchito molingana ndi malangizo, omwe amawonetsa mlingo wofunikira ndi gawo logwiritsira ntchito. Ngati mbewu yasiya kukula, yokhala ndi masamba ang'ono kapena achikasu, tsinde losalimba, lopanda maluwa, ndiye nthawi yakukhathamiritsa. Kukonzekera yankho la michere, kuchepetsa 3 tbsp. l zinthu pa 10 malita a madzi. Kenako amasakaniza bwino ndikuthirira tchire la mavwende, kupewa kupewa masamba.
Tiyenera kumvetsetsa kuti njira yodyetsa mavwende ndi mbewu zina zonse kulibe. Zambiri zimatengera kapangidwe ka dothi, dera lolimidwa, boma la mbewu, zomwe muyenera kuyang'anira nthawi ndi nthawi kupanga zinthu zofunika. Chachikulu ndichakuti musachite mopambanitsa. Ngati makamaka organic nkhani idalowetsedwa m'nthaka, ndikofunikira kuyambitsa feteleza wochepa wa nayitrogeni ndi phosphorous. Ngati nthaka, m'malo mwake, ilibe humus, nitrogen yambiri imafunika.
Kanema: kudyetsa ma gour okhala ndi feteleza wachilengedwe
Ngakhale ndizovuta zake, aliyense amatha kupeza zipatso zabwino za chivwende mu chiwembu chake. Kuti muchite izi, muyenera kutsatira malamulo aukadaulo waulimi ndipo, kuti muthe kuzindikira momwe mbewu zimagwirira ntchito panthawi yake. Kupatula apo, kudya zakudya zoyenera munthawi yoyenera kukula kwa mbewu ndiye njira yofunika kwambiri kuti mbewu ikhale yabwino.
