Mphesa za Charlie: mtundu wosakanizika wokhala ndi zipatso zambiri, womwe suopa bowa kapena chisanu

Mphesa za Charlie (Anthracite) ndizosangalatsa mawonekedwe omwe saopa bowa, kapena chimfine chachikulu, kapena chisanu chakumwa. Wamaluwa amayamikira chikhalidwechi komanso chifukwa chodzithandizira kuti zinthu zikukula. Ndi chisamaliro choyenera, mitundu iyi imakongoletsa munda wanu wamphesa ndi masango akuluakulu a zipatso zotsekemera zokoma.

Mbiri yakale

Mphesa za Charlie - mitundu yosankhidwa ya ankachita masewera

Zosiyanasiyana Charlie (dzina lina - Anthracite) ndizotsatira za kusankhidwa kwa amateur kochitidwa motsogozedwa ndi E.G. Pavlovsky. Banja la makolo - Nadezhda AZOS ndi Victoria. Poyamba, mphesa zinayesedwa kumwera kwa Belarus, koma pambuyo pake zidawoneka zabwino kwambiri m'chigawo cha Black Sea, komanso zigawo zapakati zomwe zimadziwika chifukwa cha nyengo yawo yankhanza.

Makhalidwe a mphesa a Charlie

Mphesa za Charlie zimakhala zabwino kwambiri

Zosiyanasiyana Charlie (Anthracite) amatanthauza mitundu yosakanizidwa ya mphesa za kupsa kwapakatikati. Mutha kupeza zipatso zosapsa m'masiku 105-115. Monga lamulo, izi zimachitika kumayambiriro kwa Ogasiti.

Makhalidwe azikhalidwe:

1. Charlie ndi mtundu wamitundu iwiri, womwe umalola kuti ubzalidwe kumadera achipululu. Maluwa amapukutidwa chimodzimodzi.
2. Tchire limakhala lalikulu kakang'ono, komabe, limapanga mipesa yamphamvu yakucha kutalika kwake kutalika.
3. Masango ndi akulu, nthambi, okhala ndi mawonekedwe ofanana. Kulemera kumasiyana kuchokera pa 600 mpaka 800 g.
4. Ndi kukhwima kwaukadaulo, zipatsozi zimakhala ndi mtundu wakuda. Kukula kwakukulu, kulemera - 7-10 g.
5. Kuwala kwa zipatso ndi wandiweyani. Zinthu za shuga - 19-22%, komabe, kukoma kumayimiriridwa pang'onopang'ono.
6. Khungu limakhala locheperako;
7. Acidity ndi 7-4 g / l.

Zofunika! Charlie amadziwika ndi kukoma kwa nightshade, komwe kumangochitika pokhapokha kukafika pakukhwima kwa ogula.

Kanema: kuwunika kwa kalasi

Zinthu Zosiyanasiyana

Zosiyanasiyana Charlie ali ndi "thanzi" labwino, osadzichitira zinthu akamakula

Mbali yodziwika ndi Charlie ndiwothamangitsa komanso kubereka bwino ngakhale kuli kotentha.. Izi ndizofunikira kwa alimi ambiri avinyo.

Zofunika! Zosiyanasiyana zimatha kupirira chisanu mpaka -24 ° C.

Ma Charlie osiyanasiyana amathandizanso kunyentchera kwambiri. Mu nyengo yamvula yamvula, sindiwopsezedwa kuti adzola zipatso. Kudula kumaonetsa kuzika kwamizu ndi kusinthasintha. Chifukwa cha izi, tchire likukula kwambiri, ndikupanga mphukira zamphamvu. Zipatso zamatunda zimakana kumapeto kwa chilimwe.

Zofunika! Mphesa za Charlie (Anthracite) zimabwezeretseka bwino pambuyo podulira mwamphamvu, komanso kuwonongeka ndi matalala kapena chisanu.

Kusiyananso kwachikhalidwe ichi ndi magulu okongola a malonda, omwe amakhala ndi zipatso zazikulu. Mphesa zimalekerera mayendedwe bwino, pomwe zipatso sizipunthika ndipo sizimasweka. Zosiyanasiyana Charlie ndizodziwika kwambiri. Nthawi zambiri, amalima amazindikira kuti mbewuyo imatha kuchotsedwa ngakhale kwa stepons.

Zofunika! Maperesenti opatsa zipatso ndi osachepera 90%.

Ubwino ndi zoyipa

Charlie amapanga masango akuluakulu, omwe amaphatikizidwa ndi zipatso.

Mphesa za Charlie m'njira zambiri zimakhala ndi malo otsogola pakati pa mitundu yakucha yakucha yapakatikati. Pfotokozera mwachidule zabwino zake, zizindikiro zotsatirazi zidaphatikizidwa pamndandanda wazidziwitso zazikulu:

• zokolola zazitali ndi chisamaliro chochepa;
• kucha kwunifolomu;
• ulaliki wokongola, limodzi ndi zipatso zowonjezereka;
• yoyenera kubzala m'malo ang'onoang'ono komanso m'malo akuluakulu az mafakitale;
• kukana kwambiri kumatenda ndi kuwonongeka kwa tizilombo;
• kusowa kwa mtola (kapangidwe ka mphesa zazing'ono);
• kukana kwa chisanu nyengo yotentha, chinyezi chambiri ndi masika a masika.

Palibe zolakwika chilichonse. Kulawa kokha kwapadera ndi fungo la nightshade ndi komwe kumatha kusiyanitsidwa. Komabe, izi zimasowa ndikucha kwamphesa kwa zipatso.

Kubzala ndi kukula malamulo

Ngakhale zabwino zamitundu yosiyanasiyana ndi kusazindikira kwake, kupambana kwa mbewu, ndipo nthawi yomweyo mtundu, kuchuluka kwa mbewu, zimadalira kubzala koyenera. Kulima mphesa kwa Charlie kuyenera kufikiridwa moyenera. Ganizirani zinthu zazikulu zomwe zikuyenera kuonedwa.

Kusankha malo okwelera

Mphesa - chomera chachikulu chomwe chimawopa chinyezi chambiri

Nthawi yoyenera kubzala mphesa ndi yophukira (kumapeto kwa Okutobala - kuyambira Novembala) kapena masika (kumapeto kwa Epulo - Meyi). Ndikofunikira kutsatira izi zomaliza kuti nthawi yopumira isayambike.

Kusankha malo okhathamira ndi mphindi yofunika kwambiri yomwe imatsimikiza kupambana kwachikhalidwe chopitilira. Mphesa zimakonda madera otentha, otetezedwa ku mphepo. Ndibwino kuyika tchire kum'mwera kwa nyumbayo kapena mpanda woyang'ana kumwera.

Ngati malo omwe akukonzedwawo ali ndi malo ochepa otsetsereka, yesani kubzala mphesa kumwera chakumadzulo kapena kotsetsereka kumwera, ndikuwona mawonekedwe akumwera chakumpoto. Pomwe chiwembuchi chili chofatsa, koma makhoma akumwera adakhazikitsidwa, mutha kupanga malo ena kuti munda wamphesawo upange mpanda wa 1.8-2 m kutalika, woyang'ana mbali yakum'mawa ndi kumadzulo. Malingaliro awa athandizira kuti pakhale kuyatsa koyenera kwambiri kwa zitsamba.

Zotsatirazi ziyeneranso kuganiziridwa:

1. Mphesa za Charlie ndi zonyozeka pakupanga nthaka, koma pewani madambo. M'mikhalidwe yotere, mizu imakonda kufa chifukwa chosowa mpweya. Mulingo wamadzi apansi pansi sayenera kukhala wosakwana 1.5m kuchokera pamwamba.
2. Ndikulimbikitsidwa kubzala mbewu mu loam kapena chernozem. Koma mphesa ndizoyenera mchenga, kabatiate, miyala kapena nthaka yofooka.
3. Chitsamba chatsopano chingabzalidwe m'malo akale osachotsera kale kuposa zaka 3 pambuyo pake.

Zofunika! Mphesa siziyenera kuyikidwa pafupi ndi mbewu zomwe zimafuna kuthirira pafupipafupi.

Kukonzekera mbande

Asanabzale, kudula kumafunika kukonzekera

Zomera zobzala zimagulidwa bwino ku nazale kuti musakaikire mtundu wake. Ndikofunika kuti musankhe mbande mumbale - chifukwa chake zimayamba kuzika mizu mukangodzala. Lamulo lalikulu mukamasankha ndi kukhalapo kwa mphukira yolimba pafupifupi 50-60 masentimita okwera, komanso mizu ya 2-3 yabwino.

Ngati mukufuna kukonzekera mbande nokha, muyenera kukonzekera mbali zitatu. Gawo loyamba limayamba ndikudulira kwa malimwe kwa mphesa, ndipo limakhala ndi izi:

1. Pamtchire, mpesa wopangidwa bwino umasankhidwa ndi kukula kwa mainchesi 10 masentimita komanso nthambi yama 8-10 8-10. Masamba ndi stepons amachotsedwa.
2. Kenako, odulidwa mpaka kutalika kwa masentimita 40-50 amadulidwa kuchokera ku mpesa.Chinthu chachikulu ndichakuti ali ndi maso a 3-4.
3. Zotsatira zake zimayikidwa m'madzi kwa tsiku limodzi. Pambuyo pake, amviika mu njira yofooka ya manganese ndikuwuma padzuwa.
4. Mapeto ake, zodulazo zimapindidwa mu thumba la pulasitiki kapena wokutidwa mu filimu ndikutumizidwa kuti zisungidwe m'malo ozizira. Itha kukhala phula, firiji kapena cellar, komwe kutentha kwa 0-2 ° C kumawonedwa.

Gawo lachiwiri lokonzekera liyambika kumapeto kwa Okutobala - kumayambiriro kwa Marichi. Machitidwe ake ndi awa:

1. Zidula zimachotsedwa pamalo osungiramo ndi kumizidwa m'madzi kwa masiku awiri.
2. Kenako, pogwiritsa ntchito secateurs kapena mpeni, mabatani awiri amapangira aliyense waiwo: motalikirana masentimita awiri kuchokera kumaso apamwamba ndi 3-5 mm kuchokera kumunsi. Njira ngati imeneyi imachulukitsa mwayi womera.
3. Ndiye kudula impso. Parafini amasungunuka mumbavu wamadzi mpaka 60-70 ° C, ndipo impso yapamwamba imayilidwa. Mwakuti iye amagwira, chogwirira chimamizidwa nthawi yomweyo m'madzi ozizira. Njirayi imateteza ana ake kuti asadwale ndi mabakiteriya.
4. Mosamala, osakhudza dothi lokhala ndi moyo, matope 4 amapangidwa pakhungwa la chigwacho. Kutalika konseku ndiko pafupifupi masentimita 3. Awa ndi omwe azikhala mizu yomwe mizu yake imaphukira pomwe mbande ibzalidwe.

Ndikakonzekera bwino, kudula kumapereka mizu yolimba.

Gawo lachitatu lokonzekera ndi chipululu. Njirayi ikufuna kuletsa kutseguka kwa maso mpaka mizu itawonekera. Kupanda kutero, phesi lidzauma. Kuchepetsa kumakhala pakupanga kutentha kosiyana pakati pa kanjira kakang'ono ndi impso yapamwamba. Kuti muchite izi, chitani izi:

1. Gawo lam'munsi la chogwirira limamangiridwa ndi nsalu yonyowa ndikukulungidwa ndi polyethylene.
2. Kenako, mmera umayikidwa pawindo kuti masamba apamwamba azikhala pawindo, ndipo otsika pa batri.
3. Pakatha masiku 12-14, phesi limayamba kumera, ndipo mizu imapangika.

Zoyenera

Nthawi yokwanira kubzala mphesa - yophukira kapena masika

Mukamaliza ntchito yonse yokonzekera, mutha kuyamba kubzala mbande pansi. Ngati mukufuna kubzala mitengo yambiri ya mphesa nthawi imodzi, ndiye kuti muthamangitse mtunda wa 2 m pakati pawo, ndikuyika mizere pafupifupi 2.5-3 m.

Izi ndi motere:

1. Gawo loyamba ndikukonzekera dzenje lokhala ndi mulifupi ndi kuya kwa masentimita 70-80. Dambo losanjikiza lamiyala yophwanyidwa kapena njerwa yosweka limatsanulidwira mu restess (10 cm cm ikakhala yokwanira).
2. Chipangidwe chopatsa thanzi chimathiridwa pamwambapa, chomwe chimakonzedwa kuchokera pa 1 kg ya phulusa, 1 makilogalamu a superphosphate iwiri, zidebe ziwiri za humus ndi nthaka yofanana.
3. Kenako, ndowa 3-4 za dothi zimathiridwa m'dzenje ndikuthira malita a madzi a 10-15.
4. Chinyezi chikamezedwa kwathunthu, chimango chokhala ndi dzenje chimapangidwa kuchokera pansi, pomwe mmera wamphesa umayikiridwa. Kudula kwa pansi kwa chogwirira kumayenera kukhazikika kotero kuti kuli pamlingo wa 50 cm kuchokera pamwamba.
5. Dzenje limadzazidwa ndi dothi lotsalira ndikopindika.

Kanema: Malangizo Othandiza

Mphesa za Charlie zimawonetsa kupulumuka bwino ndipo zimavomera kugonjera, ngati pakufunika. Monga lamulo, chikhalidwe chimabzalidwa m'malo amodzi kwa zaka zambiri. Koma nthawi zina mbewu zazitali zimawonekera pachisamba, kudula mphesa, kapena mphesa zomwe zimasokoneza kukula kwa mbewu zina. Pankhaniyi, ziyenera kuziika.

Ndikofunika kuchita njirayi mu nthawi ya kugwa (masamba atagwa), koma kuphatikizira kwa masika kumathandizidwanso (kutulutsa kwa madzi kumayamba) Kusankhidwa kwa malo kumachitika molingana ndi njira zofanana ndi nthawi yobzala.

Mphesa zimayikidwa ndi transshipment, pomwe zimakhala ndi dothi. Masiku 4 isanayambike njirayi, chikhalidwecho chimamwe madzi. Kuika kumachitika motere:

1. Poyamba, dzenje lakufikira limakonzedwa m'malo atsopano. Pilo yodyetsa mavitamini 7-8 kg a humus, 30 g ya mchere wa potaziyamu ndi 200 g ya superphosphate wachiphamaso imayikidwa pansi pazovuta.
2. Kenako chitsamba cha mphesa chimakumbidwa, ndikumatenga dothi lozungulira 50 cm.
3. Mizu imachotsedwa ndipo limodzi ndi mtanda wanthaka, amazisunthira kudzenje latsopano.
4. Pomaliza, chitsamba chimathiriridwa ndi malita a madzi a 10-15.

Kusamalira mbewu

Mphesa za Charlie sizowoneka bwino kwambiri kuti zitha kusamalidwa, koma kukhazikitsidwa kwakanthawi kwa malamulo osachepera aukadaulo aulimi kumakulitsa zipatso zake. Timaganizira mwatsatanetsatane mbali iliyonse.

Mabasi garter

Garter wa mipesa amalola tchire kukula mphukira zopatsa zipatso zambiri

Kuti mipesa ipangidwe mwanjira yoyenera ndipo osaphulika pazokha, amafunika kumangirizidwa ndi trellis. Uku ndikulingala koyenera, komwe kumakhala othandizira awiri (atha kukhala matanda amitengo kapena achitsulo) pakati pa waya. Mphesa zikamakula, zimamangidwa bwino, ndikufunsa mawonekedwe oyenera.

Zofunika! Kapangidwe koyenera ka mphesa kumapereka chiwalitsiro chabwino cha ma batchi, chofunikira pakucha zipatso zazikulu.

Garter amapangidwa motere:

1. Pomanga trellis, muyenera kukonzekera zipilala ziwiri ndi mainchesi 15-20, komanso waya wokhala ndi gawo la 2-2.4 mm.
2. Zothandizira zimayenera kuyikidwa pamtunda wa 3 m kuchokera wina ndi mnzake.
3. Pakati pawo, pamlingo wa 35-45 masentimita kuchokera pansi, waya amatambasulidwa m'mizere 3 (pakukula kwa 30 cm).
4. Mitengo yamipango imayamba kuyambira chaka chachiwiri mutabzala mu masika (masamba asanayambe kuphuka). Amakhazikika pa waya pogwiritsa ntchito shreds kapena twine.
5. Mipesa imakhala yolumikizidwa molunjika kapena pakatikati pa 45 °.

Zofunika! Ndikapangika pamasamba pomphukira, maso akumtunda okha ndi omwe amakula. Omwe am'munsi amakhala kumbuyo kwambiri mu chitukuko kapena samakula konse.

Kudulira

Kudulira kumachitika katatu pachaka, ndikupanga tchire moyenera momwe mungathere.

Kudulira mphesa pa nthawi yake kumachitika kuti zipatso zimere. Njirayi imalola kuwonda kuthengo, chifukwa chake limapangika masango akuluakulu. Mphesa amadulidwa katatu pachaka:

1. Chapakatikati, njirayi imachitidwa isanayambike kuyamwa. Ndikofunikira kuti kutentha kwatsiku ndi tsiku kukhazikike pa 5 ° C. Mukukonzekera, muyenera kuchotsa mphukira zonse zofooka kapena zakufa pambuyo pa dzinja.
2. M'chilimwe iwo amatenga kudulira mwaukhondo. Izi zikutanthauza kuchotsera kwa stepons kuchokera kumphepete kuti zitsamba zabwino zitheke.
3. Mu yophukira, njirayi imagwiridwa kumapeto kwa Okutobala - Novembala koyambirira (muyenera kukhala nthawi isanayambe chisanu woyamba). Mwa mitundu ya Charlie, katunduyo ndi 30 30 maso, ndiye nthawi yoyamba yomwe mipesa imafupikitsidwa pamlingo wamaso a 1-2. Zotsatira zake, maso pafupifupi 30 adzagoneka pachitsamba. Nthawi yachiwiri yomwe mphukira imafupikitsidwa pamlingo wamaso a 6 kuti asungidwe odulidwa osazizira. Ndipo kudulira kachitatu kumachitika pamwamba pa diso la 12, ndikupanga chitsamba cholimba chathanzi.

Kanema: chepetsa nuances

Malamulo Othirira

Mphesa za Charlie zimayankha bwino kuthirira moyenera, komwe kumayambira theka lachiwiri la Epulo ndikutha kumapeto kwa Okutobala. Madzi amaperekedwa malinga ndi dongosolo linalake, amathira m'madzi am'madzi amtundu woyambira masentimita 20. Amapangidwa m'mphepete mwa dzenjelo. Kuthirira mwachindunji pansi pa chitsamba kumaloledwa.

Gome: Njira yothirira ndi zikhalidwe

Mavalidwe apamwamba

Zosiyanasiyana Charlie amayankha bwino kuvala, pochotsa zokolola zochuluka

Mphesa zimatulutsa chakudya m'dothi mwachangu, chifukwa chake muyenera kuzidyetsa nthawi zonse. Feteleza imalowetsedwa m'madambo omwe akuya masentimita 35, omwe amapangidwa motalikirana ndi 45-50 masentimita kuchokera pansi pa shrub. Poterepa, ndikofunikira kutsatira ndandanda kuti mayamwidwe azakudya azigwira bwino momwe mungathere.

Gome: Mavalidwe apamwamba a mphesa

Kukonzekera yozizira

Zosiyanasiyana Charlie amatha kupirira kuzizira kwambiri, koma chikhalidwe chake chimasuntha nthawi yozizira m'malo abwino. Kuti muchite izi, chotsani mipesa ku trellis, pindani pansi ndikukumba pamwamba ndi dothi. Ndondomeko ikuchitika kumapeto kwa Novembala, isanayambike chisanu.

Zofunika! Tengani dothi mzere, osati pansi pa chitsamba. Kupanda kutero, mizu imakhala yosatetezedwa ku kusintha kwa kutentha.

Ndemanga za omwe amapanga vinyo

Charlie - G.F. kuswana Pavlovsky E.G. Ndakhala ndikuwona mawonekedwe awa kwa zaka 4. Monga kuchuluka kukana matenda. Ndipo zitadutsa kumapeto kwa Epulo chaka chino, sanabala bwino. Kututa kucha mu Ogasiti 10, sabata yapita kuposa Kodrianka, yemwenso ndi Charlie. Kupukutidwa kwa masango ndi yunifolomu, amawoneka okongola kwambiri. Kukomerako kumakhala mwa ma nightshade. Mphesa ndizowonekera, zipatso kuchokera ku gulu sizipunthika (ndipo tinali ndi tsoka lotere ndi Kodryanka).

Fursa Irina Ivanovna

//forum.vinograd.info/showthread.php?t=1776

Charlie akula nafe kwa zaka pafupifupi 5, chaka chatha adapereka masango ali ndi botolo 1.5 malita, chaka chino, mwachizolowezi, sadzalephera: osanunkha, adakumana ndi chilala - adakulitsa mbewu. Amakambirana za kukoma kwake kwakutali, koma amapezeka kumayambiriro kwa kucha, amafunika kuloledwa kupachika. Zokhazo zoyipa - muyenera kusintha mtundu, mbiri - 7 inflorescence kuti muthawe. Timalingalira za mtundu wina wabwino kwambiri wa Pavlovsky.

Apainiya

//lozavrn.ru/index.php?topic=14.0

Zikuwoneka kuti zonse zili bwino ndi Charlie ndipo ndili ndi ine - imakula, imakhwima, katunduyo amakoka bwino, koma kukoma kwa nightshade (ngakhale atatha kutuluka pachitsamba adapita m'mbali mwa njira), ndipo iwo amadya chakudya pamapeto pake, ndipo palibe cholamula chilichonse, Mosiyana ndi Codrianka ndi Richelieu. Pokhudzana ndi izi, ndinali ndi lingaliro lotsatirali: mwina yesani kulola kuti lipitirirebe vinyo (ngati Cabernet) (ndizachisoni kuti muyeretse, koma kabichi lenileni silingakhwime m'dziko lathu), shuga ndiabwino, imacha msanga ndipo mabulashi ndi akulu.

Eugene Vl.

//forum.vinograd.info/showthread.php?t=1776

Mitundu ya mphesa Charlie (Anthracite) ndi chikhalidwe champhamvu cholimba chomwe sichingaope nthawi yamvula kapena yozizira. Zomera zake zokhazikika zimakopa akatswiri olima ndi oyamba kumene. Zosiyanasiyana zikuwoneka bwino chifukwa cha zipatso zake zochepa ndi tekinoloji yaying'ono, koma kukoma kwa Charlie kungakukhumudwitseni. Chifukwa chake, lingaliro lakukulira mitundu iyi liyenera kupangidwa molingana ndi cholinga chakugwiritsanso ntchito kwake.