Pamasankhidwe a tomato m'tsogolo mbande, wamaluwa amamvetsera chidwi ndi makhalidwe abwino. Chifukwa cha ntchito yolimbikira ya abambo lero, mitundu yambiri ya tomato yakhazikitsidwa yomwe ikukwaniritsa zofunikira zonse za alimi. Pakati pa mitundu yonse ya mitunduyi, tomato wa chitumbuwa ndi ofunika kwambiri, ndipo ngakhale ali ochepa kwambiri iwo adatha kupambana kuzindikira kwa alimi odziwa bwino komanso alimi wamaluwa.
Matabwa a Cherry: kufotokoza mwachidule ndi mitundu yabwino ya wowonjezera kutentha
Cherry tomato amaonedwa kuti ndi ochepa-fruited, chifukwa kulemera kwa tomato ndi 15-20 magalamu okha. Matato a Cherry ali ndi kusiyana kwakukulu kosiyana ndi tomato ena - okwezeka (pafupifupi 2 nthawi zambiri) shuga ndi zakudya zowuma. Zonsezi zimasungunuka mu juzi la extracellular. Poyerekezera ndi anthu akuluakulu, kukoma kwa tomato yamatcheri ndi okoma komanso okhwima kwambiri.
Chifukwa cha mizu yake yozama, tomato angathenso kukula pakhomo pakhomo kapena mawindo, komanso miphika yowonongeka (izi zimafotokozedwa mosiyanasiyana). Matatowa samakula kamodzi, koma m'magulu onse, omwe amathandiza kwambiri kukolola. Ali ndi moyo wautali wautali nthawi yomwe iwo samadzipweteka kapena kusokonekera.
Mukudziwa? Dzina lakuti "chitumbuwa" la phwetekereli linali chifukwa cha kufanana kwake ndi zipatso za chitumbuwa.
Tomato yamtengo wapatali wanena kuti zakudya zakudya. Amalimbitsa mtima wa mtima, amaonetsetsa kuti thupi limagwiritsidwa ntchito popewera khansa.
Kuwonjezera apo, ntchito yaikulu yosankha yatsogolera kuti ena tomato a mitundu iyi ali ndi kukoma kodabwitsa kwa iwo. Choncho, chitumbuwa chokoma kwambiri chingapereke kukoma kwa strawberries, raspberries, nutmeg ndi blueberries.
Kukula mu wowonjezera kutentha kumene kumadulidwa komanso kumtali mitundu ya chitumbuwa tomato. Pakati pa Mitundu yochepa kwambiri ingadziŵike:
- "Ampel" - mitundu yozokongoletsa yomwe imatchuka chifukwa cha kukana matenda osiyanasiyana.
- F1 "Kuphuka" - ndi pakatikati pa nyengo yowakanizidwa mitundu. Ali ndi tizilombo tating'ono tomwe timapanga pinki.
- F1 "Punto-7" - ndizowonjezera kutentha kosakanikirana kofiira ndi zipatso zofiira;
- "Pink Cherry" - yabwino kwa nthaka yotetezedwa;
- "Cherry wakuda." Mbali yake yaikulu ndi tomato yaing'ono yodabwitsa, yofiira yamdima;
- F1 "Magetsi amatha". Mitengo ya phwetekere yowonjezera imakula ndi kupambana kwakukulu kumalo obiriwira ndi kumunda;
- "Desi". Panthawiyi, imodzi mwa mitundu yotchuka kwambiri inakula mu greenhouses. Zipatso zimakhala ndi zizindikiro zofiira;
- Ndine ya Yellow-Mimi ndi wosakanizidwa ndi chikasu chobiriwira m'minda ya greenhouses;
- F1 "Madeira" ndi F1 "Caprice" - nyengo yapakatikati ya nyengo yotentha yomwe imakhala ndi zipatso zofiira.
Nsabwe ndi boric asidi angagwiritsidwe ntchito monga chovala chapamwamba cha tomato, chomwe chimachepetsa chiopsezo cha kuchepa kochedwa matenda.
Zowonjezera kutentha
Kukula kwa tomato mu cherry wowonjezera kutentha sikovuta kwambiri, chinthu chachikulu - kusunga malamulo ena, omwe adzakambidwe pansipa. Ngati mumapatsa wowonjezera kutentha ndi kutentha, ndiye kuti mudzatha kukolola tomato ya chitumbuwa chaka chonse. Zinthu zomwe zimapangidwa ndi wowonjezera kutentha ndi polycarbonate kapena galasi.
Amaluwa ambiri apindula kwambiri pa izi ndipo adayambitsa tomato yamatcheri mu wowonjezera kutentha kukhala bizinesi yathunthu, kubweretsa phindu.
Kutentha kwa mpweya ndi kutentha
Kwa tomato yamatchire, kutentha kwa mpweya kutentha kutentha ndi 20 ... +25 ° C masana ndi 16 ... +18 ° - usiku. Zipatso zitayamba kutsanulira, kutentha kwa wowonjezera kutentha kumayenera kusinthasintha pakati pa 24 ... +26 ° C masana ndi 17 ... Chuma cha usiku usiku.
Cherry tomato, makamaka wowonjezera kutentha mitundu, amafunikira mpweya wokwanira, choncho chinyezi chikhale 60-65%. Kuonjezera apo, mndandanda wa zofunikira zowonetsera tomato mu wowonjezera kutentha zimaphatikizapo kuyenda nthawi zonse. Ndondomekoyi ndi yofunika kwambiri pamaluwa.
Panthawi imeneyi ya chitukuko cha tomato pamakoma a wowonjezera kutentha sikuyenera kupanga mawonekedwe. Komanso kumbukirani kuti kuchuluka kwa nthaka chinyezi kudzawonjezera acidity ndi wateriness wa nyama ya phwetekere.
Mukudziwa? 1973 akuonedwa kuti ndi chaka cha "kubadwa" kwa mitundu ya chitumbuwa. Munali chaka chino kuti obereketsa a Israeli adasonyeza mitundu yosiyanayi kwa anthu onse.
Kuunikira kutentha
Kuunikira, kuphatikizapo chinyezi ndi kutentha, ndi chimodzi mwa zinthu zofunika kwambiri pa tomato wowonjezera kutentha. Mitundu ya Cherry imafuna kuyatsa bwino, kotero posankha malo omanga wowonjezera kutentha, muyenera kulingalira izi.
Ngati kuyatsa kuli kochepa, ndiye kuti mudzafunika kubzala baka patali kwambiri kuti mupewe mthunzi. Kotero, ngakhale pangТono pang'ono ya tchire iyenera kutenga malo ambiri a wowonjezera kutentha.
Chisamaliro choyenera cha tomato cha chitumbuwa sichingakhale chosatheka popanda kukonzekera kuunikira kwabwino, chifukwa ndi kusowa kowala chitukuko cha tomato chidzakhala pang'onopang'ono, masamba awo adzakhala otumbululuka, zimayambira zidzatambasula, ndipo masambawo adzatha.
Pofuna kulimbikitsa kukula kwa tomato mu nyengo yotentha, kuyatsa kwapangidwe kumapangidwira, zomwe ziyenera kukhala pafupi kwambiri ndi zikhalidwe zake zachilengedwe.
Kuunikira kwapadera kwa tomato wa chitumbuwa kumaphatikizapo mbali zinayi zazikulu:
- Choyimira, chokhazikitsidwa ku tchire la nyali.
- Kugwiritsa ntchito magetsi - chinthu chomwe chimayendetsa mpweya wotsika.
- Nyali.
- Wosinkhasinkha - mbale yomwe imapangitsa kutuluka kwa kuwala kumene kumapangidwa ndi tomato. Komanso imayang'anira mlingo wa kutentha kumene zimatuluka ndi nyali.
Zosowa za nthaka
Matabwa a Cherry, kubzala kwawo ndi kusamalira iwo amapangidwa kokha mu nthaka yatsopano. Chaka chatha sichili choyenera. Pochepetsa nthenda yakukula matenda osiyanasiyana, komanso kuonjezera chonde cha nthaka ndikupangitsanso kayendedwe kake, ndikofunikira kuwonjezera peat. Kawirikawiri, ndikwanira kuwonjezera chidebe chimodzi cha peat kumtunda umodzi wa dothi. Ngati ndi kotheka, peat ingalowe m'malo ndi utuchi kapena humus.
Malangizo kukonzekera dothi:
- Ngati mumagwiritsa ntchito humus, muyenera kuchotsa zinyalala zonsezo (zosasintha zotsamba zosakaniza, etc.);
- Simungagwiritse ntchito zoumba zatsopano, komanso pachaka, zomwe zayamba kuwonongeka;
- Pofuna kupatsa mpweya wabwino komanso kuwonjezera dothi, mukhoza kuwonjezera hafu ya mchenga pamtunda wa mita imodzi.
Kudzala phwetekere yamatcheri mu wowonjezera kutentha
Njira yamakono yobzala tomato ya chitumbuwa ndizosiyana ndi kubzala tomato wamba. Ikhoza kuchitidwa, komanso mmera, komanso poyera. Katswiri wamakono angagawidwe m'magulu angapo.
Choyamba muyenera kukonzekera pansi. Amatenthedwa komanso amachiritsidwa ndi mankhwala osokoneza bongo (EM kukonzekera ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda). Chodziwika kwambiri ndi njira "Baikal". Kuwoneka kwa mphukira zoyamba kumachitika masiku 5-10 mutabzala.
Ndikofunikira! Ndi malamulo onse obzala, mtengo wamtundu wa chitumbuwa tomato uli m'zaka ziwiri zoyambirira.
Nthawi yobzala ndi kukonzekera mbewu
Nthaŵi yabwino yobzala phwetekere mu wowonjezera kutentha ndikumapeto kwa March kapena kumayambiriro kwa mwezi wa April. Ngati musankha mbewu za mtundu wosakanizidwa kuti mulimidwe mu greenhouses, ndiye kuti mungapewe zoyamba kukonza. Mbeu zoterezi zimangokhala pansi. Ngati munasankha mtundu wa chitumbuwa, ndiye kuti mbeu zikuyenera kukonzekera kuti mubwerere. Kwa ichi muyenera:
- Sungani mosamala mbewu zonse mu thumba laling'ono la nsalu zabwino zachilengedwe, kenaka piritsani mankhwala. Pachifukwachi, thumbali limataya mphindi 15 mu njira imodzi ya potassium permanganate.
- Sungani mbewuzo bwinobwino m'madzi oyera.
- Ndondomeko ya zakudya zowonjezera zonse zodyetsa zakuthupi. Pofuna kuthetsa yankho, muyenera kutenga madzi okwanira ndi kuwonjezera supuni ya phulusa. Kutentha kwa njirayi sikuyenera kugwera m'munsimu + 25 ° C. Nthenda yosungira mbeu mu njirayi ndi maola 12, pambuyo pake mukhoza kupita ku gawo lotsatira.
- Kwa maola 24, ikani thumba la mbeu mu chidebe ndi madzi oyera.
- Dya nyembazo, ndiyeno kuziyika mufiriji, komwe zidzakhale mpaka mutabzala.
Mmene mungabzalitsire tomato
Pofuna kubzala tomato yamatcheri, ulimi wawo, makamaka kufesa, uyenera kuchitidwa molingana ndi malamulo osavuta. Kufesa kumayamba ndi mfundo yakuti minda yaing'ono imapangidwa panthaka pamwamba pake, imodzi ndi theka sentimenti zakuya.
Mbewu zimayikidwa bwino kwambiri, ndi mtunda wa masentimita 50 mpaka 60 pakati pa zomera. Zosavuta zambiri kapena kupezeka mobwerezabwereza zingayambitse kuchepa kwa zokolola. Pambuyo pake, mabowo ayenera kupukutidwa ndi nthaka ndi madzi. Pofuna kupewa kutsekeka kwa nthaka, mukhoza kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa.
Kuwonjezeka kwa mbewu kumathandiza kutentha kwa 26% +27 ° C ndi kuyatsa maola khumi pa tsiku. Panthawi imeneyi, muyenera kuthirira nthaka mosamala komanso ngati iyamba kuuma. Izi zimatenga masiku 20-25, mpaka masamba awiri enieni awonekera.
Kusamalira wowonjezera kutentha
Kwa novice wamaluwa, funso la momwe angasamalire chitumbuwa tomato ndi lovuta kwambiri. Kusamalira tomato kumayamba ndi bungwe labwino.
Zotsambazi sizikulepheretsa chilala, choncho, popanda kukhalapo kwa nthawi yaitali, zipatso zidzayamba kuphulika ndi kuwonongeka. Izi zikutanthauza kuti zomera zimayenera kuthiriridwa tsiku ndi tsiku. Koma panthawi yomweyi ndikofunikira kuyang'anira mlingo wa chinyezi, chifukwa chifukwa cha kuwonjezereka kwake, tchire pang'onopang'ono zimayamba kuvunda.
Cherry amafunikanso kumangirizidwa, chifukwa chifukwa cha mphamvu yokoka, tomato ikukula pa nthambi ikhoza kuichotsa ndi kugwa pansi.
Mukudziwa? Kulemera kwa tomato wochepetsetsa kwambiri sikudutsa 10 magalamu.
Zapadera za chisamaliro cha mbewu zofesedwa
Kusamalira mbewu zofesedwa ndi:
- Kuthirira nthaka ndi madzi ofunda mwamsanga mutabzala mbewu (njira yosavuta imeneyi idzakuthandizani kuti muzitha kumera).
- Kuphuka kumamera atatha kufika masentimita 5-6 mu msinkhu. Ngati sizinabweretse mbeu zonse, ndondomeko iyenera kusinthidwa.
- Nthawi zonse kumasulidwa kwa dothi, pofuna kupeza mpweya kwa mbewu.
- Nthawi yowonjezerapo yowonjezera ndi zovuta zowonjezera feteleza (zomwe zimagwira kamodzi pa sabata).
Kodi kusamalira mbande
Mu funso lakuti, "Kodi mungakule bwanji ndikusamalira tomato yamatchire mutabzala?", Cholinga chachikulu chiyenera kukhala pa kuthirira ndi kutentha kutentha. Makamaka ayenera kulipidwa kwa izi masabata atatu oyambirira mutatha kuwonekera. Kutentha kwa masana kuyenera kukhala + 16 ... + 18 ° C, ndipo usiku uyenera kukhala + 13 ... +15 ° C. Chisamaliro choterocho chiyenera kupitilizidwa mpaka tsamba lachiwiri likuwoneka pa mphukira.
Pofuna kupewa ndi kuchiza matenda a tomato, gwiritsani ntchito fungicides: Abiga-Pik, Readzol, Titus, Fitosporin-M, Quadris, Skor, Alirin-B, Strobe.
Kuthirira mbande za tomato wa chitumbuwa ziyenera kukhala mwachindunji pansi pazu ndi madzi ofunda, kutentha komwe kumayenera kukhala +20 ° C. Komanso zomera zimayenera kulandira kuwala kokwanira. Pa nthawi yomweyi ndi kofunika kuti muziyenda nthawi zonse.
Kuti kukula chitsamba cholimba cha chitumbuwa tomato, makamaka mitundu "Zala", m'pofunika kudula kumtunda kwa chomera. Pambuyo pa mphukira zikuoneka kuchokera m'munsi mwa tsamba axils, muyenera kusiya awiri okha, ndikuchotsani m'munsimu. Chifukwa cha ichi, chomeracho chidzapanga 2 mphukira, zomwe zikhoza kumangirizidwa ku trellis.
Malamulo a chisamaliro cha wamkulu tomato
Kusamalira tomato wobiriwira kumachepetsedwa ku njira zotsatirazi:
- Pambuyo pa tsamba lachisanu lachidziwitso, tomato yamatcheri amatumizidwa ku njira yatsopano yothirira madzi. Tsopano nthaka yothira 3-4 nthawi pa sabata. Chinthu chachikulu - kuyang'anitsitsa kayendedwe ka madzi.
- Aliyense 10-12 masiku muyenera kudyetsa tomato, alternating mchere ndi organic feteleza. Osangowonjezereka, chifukwa zakudya zambiri m'nthaka zingayambitse kukula mwakuya, zomwe zingalepheretse kupanga zipatso zatsopano.
- Pamene nthaka ikudutsa pansi pa chomeracho, nkofunika kuti pang'onopang'ono kutsanulira gawo lina la gawo lapansi.
- Pofuna kuonetsetsa kuti mungu ndi wabwino kwambiri, ndi bwino kugwedeza maluwa 2-3 pa sabata.
Mosiyana ndi zofunikira kunena za pinning ya tomato yamatcheri. Kutalika tchire kumafunika kukumbidwa. Kuti muchite izi, musamachotsere ana opeza, mutsike pamtunda wokhala ndi masentimita 1.5-2. Chifukwa cha ichi, kukula kwa mphukira yayikulu kudzapangidwe ndipo zotsatira zake zonse za chitsamba zidzawonjezeka.
Pambuyo pa chomeracho, padzakhala chigawo chachikulu cha mazira ambiri, muyenera kutsitsa pamwamba pa tsinde ndikutsuka burashi. Kukhazikika bwino kumapangitsa kuti chipatso chifulumire mwamsanga. Choncho, funso la momwe tomato wa chitumbuwa amatha kuonedwa ngati chatsekedwa.
Kodi tomato imakhala ndi tizirombo ndi matenda mu wowonjezera kutentha?
Tizilombo ndi matenda zimayambitsa mavuto ambiri mu wowonjezera kutentha kulima tomato. Ngakhalenso tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, tizilombo tosiyanasiyana - tizilombo toononga tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timapweteka kwambiri tomato. Malingana ndi kalasiyi, onse omwe amachititsa matenda a chitumbuwa amatha kugawa fungal, mavairasi ndi bakiteriya.
Tizilombo toyambitsa tizilombo, komanso spores wa bowa ndi mabakiteriya, timakhala m'mapangidwe a wowonjezera kutentha, m'nthaka komanso zouma zouma. Pofuna kupewa kutuluka ndi kufalikira kwa tizirombo ndi matenda, zigawo zotsatirazi zikugwiritsidwa ntchito:
- Tomato a Cherry sanabzalidwe pafupi ndi mbatata.
- Mu wowonjezera kutentha mungathe kukula mitundu yambiri ya tomato.
- Mukamagwira ntchito ndi zomera mu wowonjezera kutentha, muyenera kutsatira: Kusamba m'manja nthawi zonse ndi sopo, kugwiritsira ntchito zipangizo (mafosholo, hoses, mafosholo, etc.).
Ndikofunikira! Pofuna kuteteza matenda osiyanasiyana, mbande za tomato wamtali mwamsanga mutabzala ayenera kuthandizidwa ndi mankhwala "Hom".
Kukolola
Tomato amakolola nthawi yomweyo yakucha. Panthawi imeneyi, ali ndi kukoma kwabwino. Tomato ya Cherry ndi yabwino kusonkhanitsa maburashi onse. Kuti muchite izi, mutawadula mosamala, kenako amachokera pa bulush.
Mungathenso kutenga tomato wobiriwira, omwe amaikidwa mu makatoni. Mzere uliwonse umakhala wotsekedwa ndi nyuzipepala yowonjezera, kenako bokosi liyikidwa pamalo amdima kumene tomato zipse.
Ndikofunikira! M'bokosi, tomato amakulirakulira kwambiri kuposa pabedi.
Tomato yamchere ndi yabwino kwambiri kwa alimi oyambirira komanso alimi odziwa bwino ntchito. Mitundu yosiyana siyana ndi kukoma kwake sikudzasiya aliyense. Yesetsani kukula tomato pa tsamba lanu, ndipo mudzakhutira ndi zotsatira zake.
