Aptenia: chomera makhalidwe ndi chisamaliro cha kunyumba

Imodzi mwa mavuto akulu omwe okonda zitsamba zamkati akuyenera kuyang'anizana ndi kulephera kukhazikitsa mkati mwa msinkhu wa chinyezi chokwanira kwa anthu otentha. Kugonjetsa kwakukulu m'lingaliro limeneli ndi zokoma zosalala, makamaka popeza pali zitsanzo zabwino kwambiri pakati pawo. Mmodzi wa iwo, ndithudi, ndi aptenia (Aptenia), yomwe idzafotokozedwa mu ndemanga iyi.

Zamkatimu:

• Mitundu ya mankhwala
• Mavuto akukula
• Kuunikira
• Kutentha kwa mpweya
• Kutentha kwa mpweya
• Kusamalira kwanu
• Kuthirira
• Kupaka pamwamba
• Kudulira
• Kuwaza
• Kuswana
• Mavuto akukula

Kulongosola kwa zomera

Dziko la Aptenia, lomwe limatchedwanso Mesembryantemum, ndilo mbali ya kumwera kwa Black Continent (KwaZulu-Natal ndi Eastern Province Province of South Africa), koma pakalipano chophimbachi chimakhala chogwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri kukongoletsa flowerbeds m'mayiko odziwika ndi alendo onse monga Turkey ndi Egypt. Ku Ulaya, mitundu yambiri ya apteniya yayamba kukula pakhomo pakhomo, koma maluwa awa sanalandire kufalikira kwakukulu ndipo sikosowa pamsika.

Mukudziwa? Dzina lakuti "mesembryantemum" labwino kwambiri linapangidwa ndi asayansi kumapeto kwa zaka za zana la 17 pakuphatikiza mau awiri achigriki - "μεσημββα" (masana) ndi "ἄνθεμον" (maluwa). Chowonadi n'chakuti kuthengo, kufalikira kwa aptenia kumatsegula masamba ake pakati pa tsiku lomwe dzuwa limatuluka mokwanira (ku Russia maluwa otere amatchedwa masana kapena sunbeds).

Malingana ndi kafukufuku wa zomera, maluwawa ndi a dongosolo la centroserenal (pinki maluwa), banja la aizids. Monga dzina limatanthawuzira, masambawo samataya chomera ndi kusintha kwa nyengo (mawu oti "αειζωον", omwe adapatsa dzina ku banja, amatembenuzidwa kuchokera ku Greek ngati kale). Aptenia imakula mofulumira kwambiri, imasonkhanitsa mpaka mamita 500 m'chaka, ndipo malingana ndi momwe nthaka imakhalira imatha kukhala chaka ndi chaka kapena chosatha. Makhalidwe abwino a aptenia:

Mitundu ya mankhwala

Sayansi yamakono imadziwa mitundu inayi ya aptenia:

• serdtselistnaya (Aptenia cordifolia);
• maluwa oyera (Aptenia geniculiflora);
• Lanceolistus (Aptenia lancifolia);
• Hekelia (Aptenia haeckeliana).

Komabe, mtundu uliwonse uli ndi magawo ake enieni, kuphatikizapo, pali mitundu yambiri yowakanizidwa yomwe yapangidwa m'zaka zaposachedwapa ndi amateur breeders. Cardiac aptelium ndi omwe amavomerezedwa kwambiri. Izi zimatha kufika masentimita 25 m'litali, koma zikuwoneka bwino pamiphika, pambaliyi mphukira zake zowopsya ndi zochepa kwambiri zimakhala pamtunda wa 50-60 masentimita, kuyambira nthawi ya April mpaka August zimakhala ndi maluwa ambiri ofiira, a burgundy kapena a lilac. Masamba a mitundu iyi ndi mtundu wobiriwira wobiriwira ndipo amafika kutalika kwa 25 mm, maluwa ali ndi mamita 15 mm.

Mukudziwa? Mitundu ya mtima ya aptenia imakhala ndi mankhwala, koma mafuko a ku South Africa amakhulupirira kuti duwa ili likhoza kuteteze ku mphamvu zoyipa ndipo, mosiyana, kukopa mizimu yabwino. Pofuna kugwiritsira ntchito malo amenewa, aborigines amapanga zithumwa komanso amatsenga.

Aptelium variegated (variegated) ndi mtundu wa Aptelium cordifolia, dzina lachilatini ndi Aptenia cordifolia variegata. Zomwe zimayambira ndizochepa, ndipo masambawo ndi ofooka kuposa a mtundu wowerengeka, koma mbali yaikulu ya mawonekedwe osiyana siyana ndiwo kukhalapo kwa chikasu chokongoletsera pa tsamba lililonse. Mtundu wina wa mtima wa aptenia uli ndi masamba omwe ali ndi variegated inclusions omwe ali pamwamba pa mbale. The lanceolate aphenia ali ndi zobiriwira zobiriwira mphukira kufika 800 mm m'litali. Monga dzina limatanthawuzira, mawonekedwe a masamba ndi lanceolate, opatulidwa. Mwa dongosolo, iwo ali ofanana ndi masamba a mtengo wamtengo, koma pang'ono kuunika ndi kuunika. Maluwawo ndi ofiira kapena a pinki, pamtundu wamkati ndi wautali kuposa mkati. Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya Mesembryantemum, yomwe imatchedwa wolemba zachilengedwe wa ku Germany, Ernest Heinrich Haeckel, imasiyanasiyana ndi "achibale" ake makamaka mtundu wa maluwa: mwa mitunduyi, iwo sali ofiira, monga ena ambiri, ndi achikasu ndi ofunika kwambiri, pafupifupi oyera kunja ndi ozungulira kwambiri. mpaka pakati pa corolla.

Phunzirani momwe mungamerekerere ziphuphu kunyumba.

Zina mwa zochititsa chidwi kwambiri zowonjezera za zomera ndi nyemba zoyera (Aptenia geniculiflora), zomwe zingayamikiridwe ku Garden Nikitsky Botanical Garden pafupi ndi Yalta. Maluwa okongolawa amakhala ndi matalala oyera kwambiri, omwe amawombera pamphepete mwa mtundu wa korona.

Mavuto akukula

Kukula mesembryanthum ngati chomera cha mkati, zikhalidwe zomwe zimafunika kuti onse odzala ndizofunikira.

Kuunikira

Aptenia ndi chomera chachikondi, koma amafunika kuunikira bwino osati kokha kwa chitukuko chokha, koma komanso ngati chikhalidwe chofunikira, popanda chokhacho chimene chosangalatsacho sichidzaphulika. Komabe, duwa likufunika kutetezedwa ku dzuwa. Malo abwino kwambiri a chomera ndiwo mawindo akuyang'ana kum'maŵa. Ulendo wa kumadzulo ndi wocheperapo, koma ngati njira ina ingaganizidwe. Pawindo lakumwera, maluwa amatha kuwotcha kuchokera ku dzuwa, koma ngati mumapereka mthunzi wonyezimira kapena kuwotcha kuwala mothandizidwa ndi khungu, vuto likhoza kuthetsedwa mosavuta.

Ndikofunikira! Pofuna kuonetsetsa kuti maluwa akuthamanga kwambiri, mlengalenga wa mesembryanthum ndi kumayambiriro kwa kasupe akulimbikitsidwa kuti awonjezedwe mothandizidwa ndi kuunikira kwina. Kwa ichi, nyali zopanda mphamvu za 50 W zimagwiritsidwa ntchito.

Kumbali ya kumpoto kapena mumthunzi wa aptenia, imataya kukongoletsa kwake, zimayambira kukhala yayitali komanso yofooka, masamba amafalikira ndi kugwa, maluwa samasamba. M'chilimwe, mphika ukhoza kutulutsidwa pakhomo lotseguka kapena ngakhale kukumba mu bedi la maluwa. Poyendetsedwa ndi magulu a mpweya osasunthika, chomeracho sichitha kutentha kwa dzuwa kusiyana ndi kutsegula zenera pazenera.

Kutentha kwa mpweya

Pofuna kuti aptenia ikhale yabwino, nyengo yake ya pachaka iyenera kugawidwa mu nthawi ziwiri - gawo la kukula ndi gawo la mpumulo. Chinsinsi ichi chidzakuthandizani kuti mukwaniritse maluwa ochulukira. Kusiyana kwakukulu pa chisamaliro cha chomera pa nthawi ziwirizi ndikutentha. Zizindikiro zabwino kwambiri za kutentha kwa mpweya kwa chomera mu magawo osiyanasiyana a chitukuko chake zikuwonetsedwa patebulo:

Kutentha kwa mpweya

Mpweya wouma si vuto kwa aptenia, komanso, chinyezi chokwanira chimatsutsana ndi duwa. Komabe, pafupi ndi zipangizo zotentha, mphika sayenera kuikidwa, chifukwa kutentha kwakukulu, makamaka m'nyengo yozizira, kumavutika kwambiri. Kupopera mbewu ndi kutsuka masamba ndi madzi samakonda maluwa; njira zoterezi zimatha kupatulapo kuchotsa fumbi kumapazi, koma ngakhale kuyendetsa bwino kumachitidwa bwino ndi nsalu yofewa komanso yowuma.

Tawonani tsatanetsatane wa chomera chotchuka kwambiri cha kunyumba.

Ngati nthawi yachisanu ndi yozizira, mesembryantemum pa betri imayamba kutembenuka, kutulutsa kapena kusiya masamba, izi zikhoza kusonyeza momwe maluwa amachitira ndi kuledzera komanso kutentha kwambiri, koma pakadali pano, mbewuyo siyiyenera kusungunuka, koma isamalowe m'malo ozizira.

Kusamalira kwanu

Kusamalira aptenia sikungatanthauzidwe kuti ndi kovuta, komabe, ngati zomera zonse zokongoletsera, izi zimafuna kuti zitsatire zofunikira zina, zomwe sizikuyembekezeredwa kuti zikhale zambiri komanso nthawi yaitali.

Kuthirira

Kuthirira madzi okongola, omwe ali m'ntchitoyi, ndi kofunika ngati chiwerengero chapamwamba cha mdima wa dziko lapansi chimauma. Mafupipafupi ndi mphamvu ya kuthirira ayenera kukhala osakwanira, chifukwa duwa limayankhula mofanana ndi madzi ndi kuyanika mofanana - masamba amafota, kufota ndi kugwa. Kuthirira kumayambira pazu ndi kunja konse kwa dothi ladothi.

Ndikofunikira! Zomera zosungira sizingathe kuthiridwe ndi madzi ozizira! Kutentha kwa madzi kumakhala nthawi zonse kapena madigiri angapo pamwamba pa kutentha kwa mpweya.

Madzi okwanira angagwiritsidwe ntchito mvula, thawed, chabwino, masika, mtsinje kapena chithandizo chisanachitike. Ngati madzi atengedwa kuchokera mumtsinje, ayenera kusungidwa m'mbiya yotseguka kwa masiku angapo ndikugwiritsa ntchito chingwe chotsitsacho kuchotsedwa ku dothi. Mu gawo lokhalitsa, mphamvu ya ulimi wothirira imachepetsedwa, panthawi imeneyi ndi okwanira kuthirira mbewu 2-3 pa mwezi kuti mizu ikhale yopanda.

Kupaka pamwamba

M'chilengedwe, nthawi zambiri zomera zimakula pamtunda wochepa kwambiri womwe umadulidwa ndi mchenga ndi miyala, ndipo chonde chachonde ndi chochepa. Pachifukwa ichi, kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo panyumba sikuyenera kuchitiridwa nkhanza. Mavitamini ambiri m'nthaka ndi owopsa kwa aptenia; duwa limayamba kuvunda, imasiya maluwa ndipo imatha kufa. Kuti musaganize ndi mlingo, ndibwino kugwiritsa ntchito mwapadera macheza okongola, omwe amapezeka m'masitolo a maluwa (Agricola, Stimulus, Gileya, Planton, Fartis, etc.) monga feteleza. Mu zoterezi, nitrogen, phosphorous, potaziyamu, calcium, magnesium, fluorine ndi zina zomwe zimagwira ntchito pambewu zimaperekedwa bwino.

Komanso werengani za momwe mungasamalire okoma kunyumba.

Pa nthawi ya kukula kwa feteleza, feteleza sayenera kuchitidwa kamodzi pamwezi, ndipo panthawi ina yonse, feteleza iyenera kuthetsedwa.

Kudulira

Popeza morphologically aptenia imakhala ndi mabala ambiri komanso ofulumira, kufalikira pa nthaka kapena kupachika pamiphika, imafuna kudulira nthawi zonse kuti zisamangidwe. Nthawi yabwino yochekeretsa mitengo ndi yophukira, pamene chomeracho chikutha ndipo akukonzekera kulowa mu gawo lopumula. Ngati kuchepetsako kwa mphukira kumachitika kumapeto kwa nyengo, njirayi, mosasamala kanthu momwe ikugwiritsire ntchito mosavuta, idzakhala ngati vuto linalake la maluwa, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti kutuluka kumayambira nthawi yambiri. Chosiyana ndi lamulo ili ndilo pamene, chifukwa chokhazikika mosayenera, chitsamba chinagwetsa masamba pambuyo pachisanu, kapena mphukira zake zinakhala yaitali kwambiri. Pankhani iyi, zimayambira zomwe zataya zokongoletsera ziyenera kuchotsedwa; zatsopano zidzangowonekera posachedwa. Ngati ndondomekoyi idzachitika mu February, pakati pa kasupe, zowonjezereka zimatha kusamba.

Ndikofunikira! Kaŵirikaŵiri mphukira imadulidwa kuchokera ku aptenia, mofulumira komanso mochititsa chidwi kwambiri.

Kuwaza

Ndikofunika kuti musamakhale ndi matenda othamanga mofulumira chaka chilichonse, mwinamwake mizu yamphamvu ndi yamphamvu ya mesembryanthemma imadzaza mphika wonse, ndipo chomeracho chimasowa kuthera bwino. Popeza kuti zimayenda bwino mosavuta, ndi bwino kuti azichita bwino kumapeto kwa nyengo, panthawi yomwe amachotsa maluwa kuchokera kumalo osungira. Mzu wa aptenia wapangidwa kuti ufufuze madzi pamadzi akuya, kotero mphika wa chomera uyenera kusankhidwa wapamwamba. Komabe, ndi kuika kotsatizana komweku, kukula kwa mphika watsopano ayenera kukhala masentimita ochepa okha kukula kwake ndi kukula kwake, mwinamwake chomera chidzafuna nthawi yambiri kuti "mukhale omasuka" pamalo atsopano. Monga kusakaniza kwa nthaka ndi bwino kugwiritsa ntchito gawo lokonzekera la cacti ndi zokometsera. Ngati mukufuna kukonzekera dothi lanu, muyenera kusakaniza nthaka ya sod ndi mchenga wouma, ndikuwonjezera makala amtunduwu kuti asatetezedwe.

Ndikofunikira! Kuthirira mbewu mutatha kusinthasintha sikungakhalepo kale kuposa masiku atatu, ndipo feteleza ndi bwino kuyembekezera miyezi 1-2.

Ikani mpweya wakuda pansi pa mphika wokonzedwa bwino, kenaka tsitsani nyemba zokonzedweratu pamwamba pake, sungani chomeracho mosamala kuchoka mumphika wakale pamodzi ndi phula lopaka pakati pa mphika, kenaka tsanulirani mosamala zowonongeka za nthaka yatsopano pambali ya mphika ndikuyendetsa bwino ndipo, ngati kuli kotheka, onjezerani pang'ono kusakaniza kwa nthaka.

Kuswana

Mukhoza kupeza chomera cha adenia kunyumba mwanjira ziwiri - pokula mbewu kapena rooting cuttings. Njira yoperekera zomera imatengedwa mofulumira komanso yowonjezereka, komanso kuti ndibwino kuti izi zitsimikizire kuti mitundu yoyamba ya amayi, yomwe ndi yofunika kwambiri kwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mbewu, yomwe mbewu zawo sichilandira mabala awo. Monga cuttings, mungagwiritse ntchito zidutswa za zimayambira, kudula panthawi yomwe mumatha kutchetchera. Kuwaika m'madzi kuti apeze mizu, ambiri osadziŵa maluwa amalima, sungathe kuuma ma cuttings kwa maola 10-12 musanadzalemo, kuwasiya iwo pamalo otetezedwa ndi dzuwa (lamuloli likugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa onse osakaniza). Ndi bwino kumera cuttings mu gawo lapansi lokhala ndi gawo limodzi la dziko la zamasamba komanso 2 mbali ya mchenga kapena vermiculite.

Dothi lokonzekera liyenera kutsanuliridwa muzitsulo zopanda kanthu komanso zowonongeka bwino, kenaka muike mwatcheru zidutswa za cuttings mu gawo ndikuzisiya kuti zikhazikike. Sikoyenera kubisa zomera ndi filimu, ndikwanira kuti nthawi zonse iwononge nthaka ndi madzi kuchokera mu botolo la kutsitsi. Pamene kudula kumayamba kutulutsa masamba ndi mphukira, imatha kuziika pamalo osatha.

Ndikofunikira! Ndi bwino kupukuta aptenia mu kugwa, pakadali pano masikawo amatha kale pachimake.

Kufesa mbewu za mesembryantmum ndi ndondomeko yovuta kwambiri. Chifukwa cha kumera kochepa kwa mbewu za mcherewu sikuyenera kuikidwa m'nthaka, ndikufalikira pamwamba pake. Mbendera ya izi imagwiritsidwa ntchito bwino mofanana ndi rooting cuttings, koma inu mukhoza kuletsa mchenga nthawi zonse kapena vermiculite. Ataika mbeu pamsana wouma, iyenera kujambula ndi filimu kapena galasi ndikuyiyika pamalo okongola ndi kutentha kwa 21 ... + 25 ° С. Pambuyo pa kuwonekera kwa mphukira zoyamba (njirayi ikhoza kutenga mwezi kapena kuposa), chitetezo chiyenera kuchotsedwa. Pamene kutalika kwa mbeu yachinyamata kumafika 50 mm, ziyenera kuziyika mosamala m'nthaka yabwino kwambiri - gawo lapansi la zokometsera kapena zosakaniza zofanana ndi nkhuni, tsamba la mchenga ndi mchenga. Panthawi imeneyi, kutentha kwa mpweya kumachepetsedwa kufika ku 16 ... + 18 ° С ndipo zinthu zoterezi zidzasungidwa mpaka mbande zitakula. Kuthirira mbande zazing'ono kumakhala kofunikira, koma kumakhala kovuta, chifukwa kuti mizu yofooka imakhala yowonjezereka kwambiri.

Mukudziwa? Chodabwitsa n'chakuti mbiri ya kulekerera kwa chilala pakati pa zomera sizomera, koma algae. Mwachitsanzo, kupukusira fucus, pokhala pamtunda, kumatha "kuchepa" nthawi 10 poyerekeza ndi malo ake omwe, kenaka, kachiwiri mmadzi, imachokera pafupifupi nthawi yomweyo. Chochititsa chidwi, chomera chomwechi chimakhala ndi mphepo yozizira kwambiri, yokhala yozizira kwambiri mpaka -60 ° C.

Mavuto akukula

Matenda ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda sizimakhudza kwambiri ubwino, koma mavuto ena okhudzana ndi zolamba za minda amatha kusintha kwambiri kukula kwa mbewu.

Zina mwazovuta kwambiri ndizo:

1. Kutaya masamba. Nthawi zambiri, zotsatirazi zimachitika chifukwa cha kuphwanya ulamuliro wothirira - kuyanika kwa dothi kapena phokoso la madzi mizu. Komanso, chifukwa chingakhale kutentha kwambiri kwa mphepo panthawi yopumula, ndiko kuti, kutha kwa maluwa.
2. Mizu yovunda ndi matenda a fungal. Zomwe zimapangitsa kuti nthaka ikhale yothira madzi ndi nthaka komanso nitrogen feteleza. Matenda ambiri a fungaleni ndi ovuta kuchiza, choncho ndibwino kuti musabweretse vutoli. Ngati ziwonekera, chomeracho chiyenera kuchitidwa ndi systemic fungicide ndipo, ngati palibe chotsitsimutsa, amaikamo mu mphika wina ndi nthaka yatsopano, atatha kufufuza mosamala mizu ndikuchotsa njira zomwe zakhudzidwa.
3. Palibe maluwa. Mavuto omwe ali ndi budding akhoza kufotokozedwa ndi kuwala kokwanira, komanso kulephera kutsata lamulo la kusinthanitsa magawo a kukula komanso kugwira ntchito.Ngati m'nyengo yozizira maluwa amaikidwa pamalo ozizira ndipo kuthirira ndi kuchepetsedwa, mu kasupe, posachedwa "kudzutsidwa," aptenia idzawatsogolera mphamvu zowonongeka m'nyengo yozizira kukhala maluwa ochuluka ndi achangu.

Aptenia ndi yokongola komanso yogwira mtima yomwe ingakhale yokongoletsa malo alionse. Maluwa amasamalidwa mosavuta, simungathe kumwa madzi, ndipo chomera sichifunikira zina zowonjezera. Vuto lokhalo ndilo kuti sizingatheke kugula chomera chachilendo cha ku Africa m'mitolo iliyonse ya maluwa, koma sikudzakhala kovuta kukula nokha kuchoka, ngati mungapeze chitsanzo choyenera kuchokera kwa wina wa anzanu kapena odziwa.