Clerodendrum (mtengo wamtsogolo) ndi chomera chamuyaya kuchokera ku banja la Verbenov. Kwawoko kumalo otentha a Asia, Africa ndi kumwera kwa America.
Pazinthu zina, clerodendrum imatchedwa "volcamery", yomwe imamasulira kuti "chikondi chosalakwa."
Kufotokozera
Clerodendron ndi nthumwi ya zomera komanso zobiriwira nthawi zonse. Zimayambira ndizitali, nthambi zambiri, kutalika kumatha kufika 4 metres. Popeza zitsamba zamitundu yosiyanasiyana, thunthu limakhala lophika kapena longa mtengo.
Makungwa ndi owonda komanso osalala, mtundu wake ndiwobiliwira kapena wobiriwira. Masamba otsutsana ndi petioles afupi a emerald kapena mtundu wakuda wobiriwira. Masamba amakhala owumbika pamtima, ovoid kapena chowulungika, m'mphepete Amajambula. Kutalika - mpaka 20 cm, mawonekedwe omwe amayenda m'mitsempha amadziwika bwino.
Maluwa amawoneka ngati mabelu osonkhanitsidwa mu inflorescence-scute kapena panicles, omwe amakhala m'malire a masamba kapena pa mphukira. Maonekedwe a maluwa ndi ovuta, ali ndi ma corollas awiri: woyamba ndi 25 cm mulifupi, wachiwiri ndi wocheperako. Zoyenda zazitali komanso zoonda zimayikidwa pakatikati pa corolla.
Maluwa a mtengowu amapezeka pakati pa chilimwe mpaka kumapeto kwa chilimwe, pali fungo labwino lomwe limatulutsa maluwa komanso masamba. Mtundu uliwonse wa clerodendrum umakhala ndi fungo lililonse. Duwa ili ndi la mungu wochokera.
Mitundu Yokukula Kwanyumba
Pali mitundu ingapo ya clerodendrum, yomwe imatha kukhala yakukula mkati:
| Onani | Kufotokozera |
| Waganda | Malo okhala ndi kum'mawa kwa Africa. Kutalika kwa mphukira mpaka 3 mita. Maluwa ali ndi miyala 5, yokumbukira agulugufe, mtundu - wabuluu ndi wofiirira. Ndi chisamaliro chabwino, chimaphuka kuyambira pakati pa kasupe mpaka Okutobala. |
| Quadricular | Ili ndi tsamba lachilendo la masamba: zobiriwira pamwambapa, burgundy pansi, m'mphepete ndizowalozera. Maluwa amasonkhana mulu, mwanjira yamiyendo, utoto - yoyera ya lilac. |
| Bunge (Clerodendrum bungei) | Zambiri - China. Shrub yotalika mpaka 3 metres, mphukira ndi zowongoka komanso nthambi. Masamba akhakula mpaka kukhudza, m'mphepete mumatha kutenthedwa. Maluwa ali ndi ozungulira inflorescence, mtundu - pinki. |
| Thompson (Mayi Thompson) | Mabungwe apamwamba a kalankhulidwe adatchuka polemekeza mmishonale wochokera ku Africa dzina lake Thompson. Chomera chimasintha komanso kutalika; chimakhala chodziwika bwino kuyambira pa Okutobala mpaka Okutobala. Maluwa ali ngati mawonekedwe amkapu owoneka ngati kapu amtundu wapinki komanso oyera. Masamba obiriwira kapena achikasu obiriwira, kutalika - mpaka 12 cm. |
| Wanzeru | Chomera chimakhala ndi mphukira zosinthika, maluwa amatuluka kwambiri chaka. Masamba ndi oboola pamtima, m'mphepete mwake ndi wavy. Pakatikati mwa maluwa ndi masentimita 2-3, mtundu wake ndi wofiyira. |
| Wollicha (mkanda wa mkwatibwi akugwedeza mutu wa jasmine) | Malo ogawa - India. Chitsamba chokongoletsera cha kukula kopyapyala. Nthambi zikulendewera pansi. Zomera zokhala ndi lanceolate mawonekedwe, zimakhala m'mphepete mwa uvy, kutalika kwa 15 cm.Zizindikiro za mawonekedwe amtundu, kupachikidwa, zimakhala ndi maluwa oyera osalala komanso onunkhira, okhala ndi mainchesi a 2-3 cm. |
| Inerme (chopanda, chopindika) | Pukutani ndi mphukira zowongoka, zomwe pakadalibe kudulira zimafikira 3 mita. Masamba obiriwira ovoid. Maambulera inflorescence amasonkhanitsidwa kuchokera pamwala oyera okhala ndi corollas yofiirira. |
| Filipino | Shrub akufika kutalika kwa mamitala 2, masamba ndi akulu, velvety, m'mphepete amakhala opindika. Maluwa akulu akulu, amtundu wapinki kapena wa kirimu, ali ofanana maonekedwe a maluwa, ndi mainchesi ofika mpaka masentimita 8. Ma inflorescence a Philippine clerodendrum ndi chithokomiro. Maluwa amachitika kwambiri pachaka. |
| Schmidt (maunyolo aulemerero) | Mitundu yokongoletsera yokhala ndi inflorescence mpaka 50 cm, imakhala ndi maluwa oyera okhala ndi kapu yofiyira. Ndi chisamaliro chabwino, chimamasula m'chilimwe ndi chisanu. |
| Wallica Albarginata | Shrub, kutalika kwa 30 masentimita 30. Maluwa - mitundu yoyera, yophatikizidwa mu inflorescence a mawonekedwe a mtundu. Limamasula kuyambira kumapeto kwa chilimwe kumayambiriro yophukira. |
| Wokongola kwambiri (Javanese, wapadera) | Zomera zobiriwira nthawi zonse, zikakula m'nyumba, mpaka kutalika kwa mita 1. Zimawonekera kwa nthawi yayitali maluwa - koyambirira kwa Juni mpaka Novembala. Masamba ndi owoneka ngati mtima, woyikidwa moyang'anizana ndi mphukira. Maluwa ndi ochepa, ofiira owala. |
| Nyenyezi | Mtengo waukulu wokhala ndi mitengo yayikulu kapena chitsamba chotalika mpaka theka la mita. Masamba ndi oval, maluwa ndi ochepa, ofiira. |
| Zolemba | Imasiyanitsidwa ndi maluwa osazolowereka; kukongoletsedwa kwamaluwa oyera, ofanana ndi "zingwe". |
| Crisival wa Trichotomum | Shrub ndi maluwa ang'onoang'ono a pinki omwe amafanana ndi salidi wowuma. |
| Allspice kapena mimbulu | Masamba ake amawonetsedwa, akuthwa kukhudza, mafupa osalala, amakhala ndi fungo labwino. |
| Tripartite | Chomera chokhala ndi masamba akulu. Ili ndi maluwa ang'onoang'ono apinki okhala ndi malo abuluu ndi mizere yolowera. |
Kusamalira Panyumba
Kusamalira clerodendrum kunyumba kumasiyana malinga ndi nthawi ya chaka:
| Chilimwe cha masika | Kugwa nthawi yachisanu | |
| Mulingo wanyontho | Kwambiri, kupitilira 70%. | |
| Kuwala | Duwa lowala liyenera kutetezedwa kuti lisayang'anitsidwe ndi dzuwa. | |
| Kutentha | + 20-25 madigiri. | + 12-14 madigiri. |
| Kuthirira | Pafupipafupi | Osawerengeka |
| Mavalidwe apamwamba | Kamodzi pa masiku 14 | Nthawi yopuma - feteleza ayenera kusiyidwa |
Malo, kuyatsa, kuthirira
Mitundu yambiri ya clerodendrum imakonda kuyatsa kuyatsa, ndipo kuyatsidwa ndi dzuwa mwachindunji kumatha kuyambitsa kutentha ndi masamba. Malo abwino kuyika poto wamaluwa amadziwika kuti ndiwindo lakumadzulo ndi kum'mawa. Mutha kuyika mbewuyo pazenera lakumwera, koma kenako muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito nsalu yotambalala.
Nthawi yothirira imakhudzana mwachindunji ndi nyengo ya chaka komanso nthawi yomwe mbewu zikukula. M'nyengo yotentha ndi yotentha, clerodendrum imafunika kuthirira yambiri, koma pokhapokha kuyuma kwa nthaka. Pambuyo pa maluwa, kuthirira mabuku kumachepetsedwa. Munthawi yachisanu yozizira, kuthirira kumachepetsedwa, chinthu chachikulu ndikuti mtanda wapadziko lapansi umakhala chonyowa.
Chinyezi cha mpweya chimayeneranso kuyang'aniridwa, ziyenera kukhala zokwera nthawi zonse, chifukwa kuuma kumavulaza mbewu. Pakalibe chinyontho, kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa kumatha kuchitika pogwiritsa ntchito madzi osenda a chipinda.
Mphika, dothi, kufalikira
Zomera zimamera bwino panthaka yopanda chonde acidity. Njira yosavuta ndiyo kugula chisakanizo chachilengedwe ndikuwonjezera mchenga pang'ono. Kuphatikiza apo, nthaka imatha kupangidwa payokha posakaniza zinthu zotsatirazi mosiyanasiyana:
- peat;
- pepala ndi dongo lapansi;
- mchenga wowuma.
Pofuna kupewa matenda ndi tizirombo, dothi liyenera kupukutidwa. Kuti tichite izi, zidzakhala zokwanira kuzitentha ndi uvuni kapena microwave.
Ndikwabwino kutenga mphika woumba monga chidebe, chifukwa umalola kuti mpweya udutse ndikuwonetsetsa kuti chinyezi chikhala bwino kwambiri. Kuphatikiza apo, zadothi ndizokhazikika komanso zolemetsa, zomwe zimagwira ntchito yofunika pakukula kwa zitsamba zazikulu. Poika chomera, tikulimbikitsidwa kusankha poto wokhala ndi pafupifupi 2 cm mulifupi ndi m'lifupi kuposa chidebe chakale.
Kubzala chomera kuyenera kuchitidwa mosamala pogwiritsa ntchito njira yodutsa.
- Chotupa chadothi chimachotsedwa kwathunthu mu thankiyo, kuti chikhale chosavuta kufotokoza, mutha kujomba pamakoma a poto. Sizoletsedwa kutulutsa mizu pansi pamadzi.
- Denga la masentimita 2-3 limayikidwa pansi pa poto watsopano: dongo lokwezedwa, tchipisi ta njerwa, miyala yaying'ono imagwiritsidwa ntchito. Nthaka yaying'ono imatsanuliridwamo, kenako ndikufesedwa ndikuyala pakati pa thankiyo, kenako ma voids adzazidwa bwino.
- Pambuyo podzaza, dziko lapansi limathirira, pambuyo pokhazikika, nthaka yambiri imawonjezeredwa.
- Pambuyo pobwezeretsa chomera, tikulimbikitsidwa kugwiritsa ntchito ma phytohormones, izi zithandiza kusintha mizu.
Mavalidwe apamwamba
Nthawi zambiri, maluwa a clerodendrum amapezeka kuyambira Marichi mpaka Okutobala ndipo munthawi imeneyi chomera chimafuna kukhazikitsidwa kwa michere. Ndikulimbikitsidwa kuti musinthe mitundu yambiri ya feteleza - mchere ndi organic humic.
Pakati pa mchere, Agricola amadziwika kuti ndiwothandiza. Feteleza wapamwamba kwambiri wamphesa ndi FloridaGumat. Ndikothekanso kutulutsa kuvala kwamizu ndi foliar top.
Kudulira
Chapakatikati, mphukira zamera zimafupikitsidwa pafupifupi gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a kutalika, nthambi zouma ndi zodwala zimachotsedwa. Kuphatikiza apo, panthawi yokonza, zochita zotsatirazi zimachitika:
- Kukula nsonga kuzomera kupatsa maluwa.
- Kuti apange mawonekedwe owoneka bwino ngati mtengo, nthambi zonse zimachotsedwa, mphukira yolimba kwambiri ndiyomwe imadulidwa, yomwe imadulidwa kutalika kwake pafupifupi mamitala 0.6. Nthambi zomwe zili pansi pa korona zimachotsedwa pa mphukira.
- Lianas safuna kudulira kwakukulu, koma kasupe, muyenera kufupikitsa malekezero a nthambi ndikudina mbewuzo.
Nthawi yopumula
Nthawi yopumira imayamba ndikubwera kwa autumn. Panthawi imeneyi, muyenera kukana kukumana. Ndikulimbikitsidwa kuchotsa masamba ndi masamba onse owuma, kenako ndikuyika poto pamalo abwino.
Kuswana
Kuberekanso kwa clerodendrum kumatheka ndi mbewu ndi kudula.
Zodulidwa zimayenera kupangidwa mchaka. Malangizo atsatanetsatane awa athandizira kufalitsa mbewuzo moyenera:
- Zidula zimakololedwa. Nthambi zokhala ndi ziphuphu zimagawidwa m'magawo okhala ndi ma 3-4 internodes. Masamba onse am'munsi amachotsedwa, ndikokwanira kusiya ochepa pamwamba, ngati ali akulu, ndiye kufupikitsa kumayenera kuchitidwa. Machitidwe awa ateteza kutayika kwa chinyezi chambiri.
- Pansi pa zodula zomwe zasankhidwa zimakonzedwa ndi muzu ndikuzibzala mu maluwa. Pansi pa thankiyo, ngalande zamadzimadzi zomwe zimapangidwa ndi miyala yaying'ono ndi dongo lokwanililidwa amaikidwiratu.
- Miphika imadzazidwa ndi chisakanizo cha mchenga wabwino komanso peat, imatengedwa zofanana, ndikuyikidwa mu wowonjezera kutentha.
- Tsiku lililonse amayang'ana momwe alili, ngati kuli koyenera, amafanizidwa ndi gawo lapansi.
- Mizu ikawonekera, mbewuyo imayenera kuyamba kuumitsa, chifukwa izi mpweya wabwino umawonjezeka tsiku ndi tsiku.
- Pamenepo, monga clerodendrum imatha kuchita popanda wowonjezera kutentha, mutha kuiuthira kumalo osatha. Kubzala kuyenera kuchitika mosamala, popeza mbewuyo siikhala ndi mizu yolimba.
Pofalitsa mbewu, izi:
- njere zimabzalidwa mumzinthu yaying'ono yodzazidwa ndi gawo la coconut gawo limodzi ndi peat yotengedwa chimodzimodzi;
- malo obiriwira amakhazikitsidwa ndipo miphika imayikidwa m'malo abwino;
- mbewu zolimba zibzalidwe m'malo okhazikika.
Zolakwika pakuchoka ndi kukonza kwawo
Mukamasamalira clerodendrum, zolakwika zina zimatha kuchitika zomwe zimafuna kukonza mwachangu:
| Mawonekedwe | Zifukwa | Malangizo |
| Kugwa kwa masamba ndi maluwa. | Chinyezi chotsika, kuyatsa kochepa. | Njira zothirira zimayendetsedwa, clerodendrum imayikidwa pafupi ndi kuwala, chinyezi cha mpweya chimawonjezeka. |
| Chikaso chamaso pamasamba. | Kuwotcha | Pewani chomera padzuwa. |
| Masamba ang'onoang'ono. | Kukhala mu nyengo zosayenera kutentha. | Patsani mtendere nthawi yachisanu. |
| Kupanda maluwa. | Kuwala koyipa, kutentha kwapamwamba kwambiri, kusowa kupuma nyengo yozizira, kusowa kwa zinthu zina zofunikira. | Chomera chimapangidwanso pafupi ndi zenera, kutentha kumayendetsedwa, ndikuyamba kwa nyengo ya masika umuna umayikidwa. Nthawi yopuma imatsimikizika. |
Matenda, tizirombo ndi kayendetsedwe kake
Mukukula, clerodendrum imatha kudwala matenda osiyanasiyana ndi tizilombo zomwe zimayenera kuzindikirika munthawi yake kuti tithandizire kupulumutsa mbewuyi kuimfa:
| Mawonekedwe | Zifukwa | Kuthetsa mavuto |
| Chiellon | Ndikofunikira kuthirira ndi kuthira mbewu pongogwiritsa ntchito madzi ofewa okha, omwe adasefukira kale. | |
| Kukoma mtima kwa mbewu. | Zovunda. | Clerodendrum imachotsedwa mumphika, mizu imatsukidwa, madera owonongeka amachotsedwa. Mizu imakonkhedwa ndi makala opera. Kenako imabzalidwe m'nthaka yatsopano ndipo njira yothirira imakonzekereratu. |
| Kusintha kwa mphukira, zolembedwa patsamba la masamba. | Kangaude kapena bulangeti. | Chomera chimatsukidwa ndi madzi, kenako kuthiridwa ndi mankhwala (2 ml of Fitoverma) timadzipaka mu lita imodzi yamadzi). Pakatha milungu iwiri, mankhwalawa amabwerezedwanso. |
| Kupotoza masamba mkati. | Ma nsabwe. | Masamba owonongeka kwambiri amachotsedwa, otsalawo amawatsuka ndikuwaza ndi mankhwala aliwonse omwe amagwiritsa ntchito. Pakatha milungu iwiri, mbewuyi imathandizidwanso. |
Mr. Chilimwe wokhala anati: Clerodendrum - mtengo wa chisangalalo
Clerodendrum imakhudzanso momwe munthu akumvera, kukonza zomwe zikuchitika, imapereka malo abwino mumakoma a nyumba ndikupereka chikondi.
Pali nthano kuti ku Roma wakale kunali mwambo wachipembedzo chomera ichi, chidaperekedwa kwa mulungu wamkazi wachikondi Venus. Aliyense m'chipembedzochi adakumana ndi mnzake womukwatira.
Komanso palinso chikhulupiriro chakuti clerodendrum imabweretsa chisoni, kuchepetsa kupambana kuntchito komanso pagawo lanu. Akatswiri a Feng Shui amatsutsana kwambiri ndi malingaliro awa, akunena kuti maluwa aliwonse amasangalatsa mnyumbamo. Mtengo wa ma ruble a 150-200 sikuti ndi chifukwa chokana izi.
