Aliyense akhoza kulima tomato ndikupeza zipatso zabwino pamalo awo. Kulima kwachilimidwe kumafuna chisamaliro chokhazikika, chomwe chimadzichiritsa osati kungothirira nthawi yake, kuvala pamwamba, komanso kutsina. Olima maluwa a Novice amanyalanyaza ntchito imeneyi chifukwa sakumvetsa chifukwa chake ikufunika komanso momwe angachitire.
Kodi kutsina
Kuvala masitepe pamunda wa masamba omwe akukula umatchedwa njira ya agrotechnical, yomwe cholinga chake ndikuwonjezera zokolola za tomato kapena mbewu zina. Njirayi imathandizira kutukuka bwino kwamtchire chifukwa cha kupangidwe kwake koyenera. Mwambowu umakhudzana ndikuchotsa zinthu zopanda pake, koma kudya michere, masamba. Tomato ndi amodzi mwa mbewu za m'mundamo, zomwe zimadziwika ndi nthambi zamatchire.
Zomera zikamamera kuchokera pa tsamba limasunthika, njira zoyambirira zimayamba kupanga. Amaonedwa kuti ndi osathandiza chifukwa amachotsa zipatso pazakudya. Kuchita njira ya kudina, simungangopanga zomerazo moyenera, komanso kuwonjezera zokolola, chifukwa nthambi zokhazikitsidwa ndi zipatso zokha zimakhala pa chitsamba. Ngati simukuthira tchire, masamba ambiri obiriwira amakula kuti awononge mbewu. Popeza njira zakulera zitha kukhala ndi njira zosiyanasiyana, njirayi iyenera kuganiziridwa mwatsatanetsatane.
Kuchotsa ana opeza kumawonjezera zokolola
Tomato akalowa
Popeza ana opeza oyamba amatha kuwoneka ngakhale mbande, ayenera kuchotsedwa mutabzala mbewu m'nthaka. Zomwe zimachitika munthawi imeneyi ndizifupi kwambiri komanso zopyapyala, ndipo mbewuzo sizipilira kuchotsedwa kwawo popanda vuto. Njira yocheka pakati ndikanthawi yambiri imawononga nthawi yambiri, makamaka ngati phwetekere yayitali. Kudula mphukira zosafunikira kumalimbikitsidwa m'mawa, chifukwa asanadye masamba ake nthambi zimasweka mosavuta, ndipo bala limachiritsa mwachangu. Ndikofunika kuchita opareshoni kuyambira maola 9 mpaka 11, pambuyo pake muyenera kufukula pang'ono nthaka.
Mukachotsa mizera yamaluwa nthawi yamaluwa, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti mugwiritse ntchito tchire choyamba, zomwe zimathandizira kuti mungu ubowolere wa zomera zoyandikana.
Phwetekere iyenera kuyesedwa sabata iliyonse ndipo mphukira zimachotsedwa mpaka kukula kwambiri. Mukamadula nthambi zazikuluzikulu, izi zimavutitsa mbewuzo, zomwe zimawononga zokolola ndipo zitha kufooka. Mu tomato wokula mu wowonjezera kutentha, stepons amachotsedwa masiku onse a 6-8, m'nthaka yosatetezedwa - pakatha masiku 10-12. Ndikofunika kuti musalole kuti mphukira ikhale yoposa masentimita 5. Ngati mukufuna zipatso zazikulu komanso zokolola zabwino, njirayi iyenera kuchitika nthawi yonse ya chilimwe. Mphukira zosafunikira zimakula koposa zonse atapangidwa woyamba inflorescence, zomwe zimafuna kupendanso mbewu.
Momwe mungasiyanitsire mwana wopeza ndi bulashi yazipatso
Mukadzala, muyenera kudziwa zomwe muyenera kuchotsa. Kupatula apo, mutha kudula burashi wamaluwa, chifukwa chomwe zokolola zitha kuchepa. Kuti mupewe zolakwa, pendani mosamala njira yomwe mwathawirako. Kusiyana kwakukulu kwa mwana wopeza ndi:
- ngakhale pang'ono pang'onopang'ono pali masamba, pomwe mbali zamanja zamaluwa zimawonedwa;
- bulashi la maluwa limakula kuchokera pachimake cha tsamba, koma limayamba kumera.
Ngati pali zovuta kudziwa fotokozayi, imangosiyidwa tsiku limodzi, kenako kusiyana pakati pa mwana wopeza ndi burashi kumaonekera bwino.
Stepson pa phwetekere: 1 - tsinde lalikulu la mbewu; 2 - pepala; 3 - wopeza (mphukira wam'mbali); 4 - maluwa burashi
Momwe mungatsinitsire tomato
Popeza mwazindikira kufunika ndi ntchitoyo nthawi, muyenera kukonzekera chida, chomwe chingagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati pruner kapena lumo. Njira zimatha kuthyoka ndi zala zanu, koma mufunika izi Ngati chida chikugwiritsidwa ntchito, chisamaliro chimayenera kuthandizidwa kuti chiwale, zomwe zingapewe kuwonongeka kwa mbewu. Kuphatikiza apo, chipangizocho chimayenera kupha tizirombo pambuyo pa chitsamba chilichonse, chifukwa mabakiteriya amatha kulowa mosavuta. Monga yankho la mankhwala opha tizilombo, potaziyamu permanganate (1-2%) amagwiritsidwa ntchito.
Njira yotsata ikuchitidwa motere:
- Zolemba zake zimakokedwa mokoma pakati pa mlozo ndi chala.
Kuchotsa mwana wopeza, ndi wopindika pakati pa chala chachikulu ndi chofukula
- Pukutirani pang'ono mphukira kumbali mpaka igwe. Ngati zida zikugwiritsidwa ntchito, chiphukacho chimasiyanitsidwa ndi chitsamba poyenda mwachangu komanso mwakuthwa. Dulidwe liyenera kukhala losalala komanso lolondola. Ngati m'mphepete mwang'ambika, kuchiritsa kwa mabala kumakhala lalitali. Kuphatikiza apo, chiopsezo chotenga matenda chikuwonjezeka.
- Pa tchire limodzi nthawi imodzi sipangotsala masitepe atatu, apo ayi chikhalidwecho chidzafota ndi kufooka. Ndi njira zochulukirapo, mwambowu umachitika mkati mwa sabata, ndikuyamba njira zazikulu, ndikuchotsa pang'onopang'ono.
Stepsons ayenera kuchotsedwa pang'onopang'ono, kuyambira lalikulu ndi kutha ndi yaying'ono
- Nthambi zong'ambika zimayikidwa mumtsuko ndikuchotsa pamalowo kutali, chifukwa mitengo yokhazikika kumapeto kwa tchire imatha kuyambitsa kuwola, chifukwa cha matenda omwe amawonekera.
Njirayi imalekanitsidwa ndi chitsamba kuti chitsa chaching'ono 0,5 masentimita, chomwe sichimaphatikizira kuwonekera kwa mwana wopeza pamalo amodzi.
Kanema: kutsina ndi mapangidwe a phwetekere
Njira Zokhazi
Mutha kuchotsa mphukira yowonjezera pa tomato m'njira zingapo. Kusankha kwawo kumatengera kuchuluka kwa nthambi zomwe zakonzedwa kuti zitsalire pachitsamba. Ndondomeko itha kuchitika malinga ndi imodzi mwazomwe zilingaliro:
- Mu phesi limodzi. Njirayi imaphatikizapo kuchotsa njira zonse, pomwe tsinde limodzi lokha limapanga zipatso. Zikatere, chitsamba chimakula msanga, ndipo zipatso zimakula. Zoyipa zake ndikuphatikizira kufunika kogwiritsa ntchito chathandizo chomwe chomangiracho. Ngati musanyalanyaza zingwe, mphukira yayikulu imangophwanya kulemera kwa chipatsocho.
- M'mizere iwiri. Ndi mapangidwe awa, kuwonjezera pa tsinde lalikulu, njira ina yatsalira. Nthambi zina zonse zimachotsedwa. Monga mbali yakuwombera, sankhani yolimba kwambiri ndipo ili pansi pa tchire loyambirira la zipatso.
- M'mizere itatu. Kuwombera kwapakati ndi kutsata awiri kwasiyidwa pachitsamba. Ndi njirayi, mphukira imasankhidwa pafupi ndi inflorescence yotsika ndipo nthambi ina yolimba imapezeka pafupi, ndipo ena onsewo amawadula.
Pali njira zingapo zobzala tomato
Mapangidwe a tomato kutengera mtundu
Pofuna kutsimikiza zonse za mutu wankhomaliro womwe udafunsidwa, ndikofunikira kudziwa kuti phwetekere imagawidwa m'magulu angapo, aliyense ali ndi njira yake yochotsa njira:
- mitundu yodziwika;
- mitundu yosakhazikika;
- mitundu yodziwika-pang'ono.
Limbitsani phwetekere
Mtunduwu umaphatikizapo tomato wokhala ndi malire opanda malire. Amapangidwa nthawi zambiri. Izi zikufotokozedwa ndikuti mbewu zoterezi zimapanga njira zambiri zamakedzana. Mukakonza mwana wopeza, ndikofunikira kusiya chitsa, kuti akwaniritse zokolola zabwino, amadula maluwa onse ndikusiya okhawo okhazikika (osaposa zidutswa 10).
Mukamachotsa mwana wopeza, muyenera kusiya chitsa, chomwe sichidzafanizira kupangidwa kwa mphukira yatsopano m'malo omwewo
Phwetekere yodziwika bwino
Tomato wamtunduwu ndi wamtali ndipo amafika kutalika kwa 1.9 m. Mapangidwe a mbewu angathe kuchitidwa mu 2 kapena 3 zimayambira, zimatengera chiwembu chodzala tchire. Sikoyenera kuthamangira kudulira mitundu, chifukwa mbewuyo ikhoza kukula. Pokhapokha ngati sakayikira kuti tsinde likupitiliza kukula lingathe kugwira ntchito.
Phwetekere wovomerezeka
Mtunduwu umaphatikizaponso mitundu ya mitundu yonse. M'malo mwake, sizifuna kuti machitidwe azichotsedwa pafupipafupi, koma nthawi yomweyo, simuyenera kunyalanyaza njirayi. Ndikofunika kutsatira malangizo omwe opanga mbewu amakulitsa. Kuti mupeze zokolola zambiri za tomato wokhazikika, tikulimbikitsidwa kutsatira malamulo osamala awa:
- stepons amachotsedwa, koma pang'onopang'ono ndipo zosaposa 5 zidutswa chimodzi ndikupita;
- inflorescence imakhudzidwanso, ikangosiya zidutswa zochepa (zosaposa 3).
Mukamakula mitundu yotsimikizika, ndikofunikira kuonetsetsa kukula kwawo mulifupi, osati kutalika.
Mukamadulira phwetekere wokhala ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya phwetekere, muyenera kuyesetsa kukula kwawo mopingasa, osati kutalika
Mawonekedwe a mapangidwe a tomato mu wowonjezera kutentha
Potseka, tomato amapangidwa poganizira zinthu zina. Choyambirira, ndi choyambirira, chomwe chimapangidwa kuti chikule mbewu, komanso mwayi womanga wowonjezera kutentha:
- Kotero kuti dera la zachuma likugwiritsidwa ntchito moyenera, ndipo mbewuyo ikhoza kukhala yochulukirapo, monga lamulo, tomato wosakhazikika amalimidwa, mapangidwe ake amachitika mu phesi limodzi. Mitundu yotere imalumikizidwa ndi trellis pokhapokha chitsamba chikafika kutalika, pambuyo pake zimatsina kukula (malo omwe tsinde limapangika), ndipo musaiwale kuchotsa njira zapanthawi yake munthawi yake.
- Indeterminants nthawi zambiri imakulitsidwa mu zimayambira 2. Kwenikweni, njira yotereyi imakumananso ndi malo okhala nyumba zobiriwira. Poterepa, maburashi 3-6 amatsalira pachinde chilichonse.
- Mitundu yodziwika imapangidwa mumitengo iwiri kapena itatu. Stepsons zimangotsalira pang'onopang'ono pa maburashi oyamba ndi achiwiri, ena onsewo amawonongeka. Pamene mabrashi amtundu wa zipatso a 3-4 atapangidwa pa mphukira yowonjezerapo, iduleni ndikuisintha kuti ikhale yotsatira yolimba yotsatira. Mphindi ino ndizomwe zimasiyanitsa pakupanga chitsamba m'nthaka yosatetezedwa.
- Mukamakulitsa tomato mu zobiriwira, ndizotheka kuwonjezera nthawi yakucha zipatso. Izi zimakuthandizani kuti mupeze maburashi ambiri pazomera kuposa m'nthaka yosatetezedwa ndikuti mulandire mbewu yokulirapo. Nthawi yomweyo, munthu sayenera kuyiwala kuti chikhalidwecho chidzafunika chisamaliro chokwanira komanso zakudya zina zowonjezera.
- Poyerekeza ndi malo otseguka, mu wowonjezera kutentha momwe njira zamtunduwu zimapangira nthawi zambiri, chifukwa cha malo abwino. Izi zikusonyeza kufunikira kochotseredwa kwakanthawi.
- Kuti muthe kukolola mbewu yoyambirira ya phwetekere mu wowonjezera kutentha, ndikofunikira kuti zikule kwambiri superdeterminant komanso mitundu yodziwitsa yoyambirira. Poterepa, sizipitilira zipatso zopitilira 3-4 zomwe zatsalira pachomera chimodzi kuti zithamangitse mapangidwe ndi kucha zipatso. Tsinani nsonga, mapangidwe a chitsamba amachitika mu tsinde limodzi, ndipo njira zake zamkati zimachotsedwa mwachangu.
Kanema: kubzala tomato mu wowonjezera kutentha
Njira yopangira tomato imakhala ndi zina zake. Kuti ntchito ivomerezedwe ndi mbeu yayikulu, kupatsirana ana kuyenera kuchitidwa. Njirayi, ngakhale ndiyovuta, koma podziwa luso la zochita, nthawi ndi magwiridwe ake, ndizotheka kuti aliyense wobzala masamba azitha kumaliza.
