Makhalidwe a kulima ndi luntha la mdima wakuda wakuda. Perennial marigolds: kubzala ndi kusamalira duwa

Marigolds kapena Chernobrivtsy ndi chomera cha banja la Astrov. Chilengedwe choyambirira ndi America, kuchokera ku Arizona kupita ku Argentina. Wodzichepetsa pokonzanso ndi kusamalira.

Ambiri amakula pamtunda, koma akhoza kusungidwa pa khonde kapena loggia. Ambiri ndiwo African marigold, French marigold ndi Mexico marigold.

Malongosoledwe a botaniki ndi mbiriyakale

Marigolds ndi chitsamba chowongolera, nthambi zamtunda, 20 - 120 masentimita pamwamba. Masamba - kuchokera kubiriwira mpaka mdima wamdima wobiriwira, womwe umakhala wobiriwira kwambiri, womwe umakhala wochepa kwambiri. Kuyika malo pa tsinde ndiko kutsutsana kapena kusintha.

Maflorescences ndi madengu afupipafupi kapena a terry a mtundu wachikasu, bulauni kapena lalanje ndi lakuthwa, ngati fungo la aster. Maluwa nthawi kuyambira chilimwe mpaka chisanu. Mizu ndi fibrous.

Pali mitundu ya pachaka komanso yosatha. Iwo amafalikira mu Ulaya konse komanso pambuyo poti abwere kuchokera ku America ndi a Spanish conquistadors m'zaka za zana la 16. Mukhoza kuwerenga za mitundu yonse ya chomera ichi pano.

Zimalonda kapena ayi?

Kusankha pakati pa chaka ndi chisatha kumadalira cholinga chomwe marigolds adzalowera. Zosatha zowonjezera kulima kwa nthawi yaitali pamalo amodzi, ndi kuwonjezeka kwa dera lomwe lidzalima zomera ndikudzilima. Kuwonjezera apo Chaka chilichonse marigold akukula ndipo amabala maluwa akuluakulu komanso obiriwira.

Mitengo ya pachaka imafuna kubzala chaka ndi chaka, koma pali malo ambiri omwe angasinthe pakukonzekera malo. Zingabzalidwe osati maluwa a flowerbeds, komanso miphika ya maluwa, maluwa, kusuntha ndi miphika kumene kumangokhalira kugwiritsidwa ntchito. Kodi n'zotheka kukula maluwa okongolawa kunyumba pamiphika, tinalemba m'nkhaniyi?

Komanso, mitundu yawo yatsopano imawoneka mobwerezabwereza kuposa mitundu yosatha. Ngakhale basi Mwa kusonkhanitsa mbewu za mitundu yosiyanasiyana mungu wochokera pakati pawo, mungathe kupeza mtundu watsopano wosakanizidwa. Momwe mungasonkhanitsire mbewu za marigolds, muphunzire mu nkhaniyi.

Mitundu ndi zomera zosiyanasiyana

M'munsimu mungapeze tsatanetsatane wa mawonekedwe a mitundu yosiyanasiyana ndipo yang'anani zithunzi zawo.

Watsutsidwa kapena French

Amachokera kumapiri a ku Mexico. Dzinali ndilo chifukwa chakuti mbali zawo zowonjezera zimakanidwa nthawi zonse. Khalani tchire tochepa mpaka masentimita 60 masentimita, okhala ndi mphukira yolunjika ndi masamba obiriwira obiriwira. Mphukira kuyambira June mpaka October.

Maluwa awiri kapena theka-awiri-6 cm. Kusalongosola za nthaka ndikukhala bwino ngakhale pamtunda. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri kuti abzala patsogolo minda ndi mapiri a alpine.

Good Leaf kapena Mexico

Khalani tchire mpaka 50 cm kuchokera ku nthambi kuchokera pansi pa zimayambira. Masamba ofiira amtundu wobiriwira, ang'onoang'ono ndi opapatiza. Maluwa ndi golidi, lalanje, wofiira, wachikasu, mpaka 2 cm mwake. Kukula bwino ngakhale pa dothi loipitsidwa komanso pamsewu. Masamba a mitundu ina amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuphika.

Wowongoka kapena waku Africa

Khalani ndi tchire lalikulu ndi kutalika kwa masentimita 30 kufika mita imodzi. Zimayambira ndizolunjika, zimagwedezeka ndi serrate zosiyana siyana. Maluwa ochokera kumdima wachikasu kupita ku mdima walanje ndi awiri mpaka masentimita 13. Oyenerera kukula kwa kudula.

Zambiri zokhudza mtundu wa marigolds zilipo, mungapezepo mu nkhaniyi, ndipo zithunzi ndi ndemanga za mitundu yotchuka kwambiri zingapezeke pano.

Maonekedwe ndi zinthu

Osatha marigolds kukula mu compact baka, wopangidwa wolunjika, nthambi zimayambira 20 - masentimita 130. Malinga ndi mitundu, masamba amagawanika kwambiri ndipo amagawidwa ndi pinnipid mumdima wobiriwira.

Inflorescences amapangidwa ndi tubular ndi bango lamaluwa. Malingana ndi mawonekedwe awo ndi nambala, nthawi zambiri amagawidwa mu:

• zosavuta (yomwe ili ndi mizere 1 - 3 ya bango la bango);
• theka-kawiri (mu zolemba zawo zosaposa theka la bango);
• terry (mitundu iyi ndi yoposa theka kapena yonseyo kapena bango).

Maluwa amatha kujambula mu chikasu, lalanje, mandimu, woyera, variegated, mtundu wofiira. Malingana ndi kutalika kwa chitsamba cha marigolds chagawanika:

• Zimphona - zoposa 90 cm.
• Pamwamba - mpaka masentimita 60.
• Sredneroslye - mpaka 50cm.
• Yakhazikika - mpaka 40cm.
• Amamera - mpaka 20cm.

Kubwera: malamulo ndi malangizo

Kuti marigolds azikhala bwino, ndi bwino kutsatira malamulo angapo kuti mubzale poyera.

1. Kubzala maluwa ndibwino kukhala ngati mbande, osati kungobzala mbewu pamalo otseguka.
2. Ndiyeneranso kuyembekezera nthawi yoti nyengo izizizira. Ngakhale kuti zomerazi sachita mantha ndi chisanu, koma ndi bwino kukula ndipo zidzakula pachimake mutabzalidwa potseguka pansi, pamene nthawi zonse kutentha kutentha kumadza.
3. Malinga ndi zosiyanasiyana, mbande zabzalidwa mosiyana. Mitengo yochepa - masentimita 20, kwa mitundu ya sing'anga yaitali - 30 cm, kwapamwamba - 40 masentimita. Mmera uliwonse umabzalidwa padera.
4. Mutabzala, iwo amathiridwa bwino ndipo amatsatira ulamuliro wothirira madzi mpaka mbande ndizolimba.

Ndikofunika. Madzi okwanira ndi ofunika kwambiri kuti apititse patsogolo marigolds. Ngati palibe, tchire zimakula, ndi mphukira zing'onozing'ono, ndipo maluwa adzakhala ang'onoang'ono kuposa momwe ayenera kukhalira.

Momwe mungapezere mmera wa maluwa omwe mumawakonda, tinalemba m'nkhaniyi.

Ngati chigamulochi chapangidwa kuti chodzala chosavuta, ndiye kuti pali njira ziwiri. Mbewu zafesedwa kapena zouma m'madzi otentha masiku angapo. Zonse zokhudza kukula kwa marigolds kuchokera ku mbewu zingapezeke pano.

1. Pa malo otsetsereka apange makilogalamu 5 cm ndikuyawathira.
2. Mbewu imafesedwa patalika masentimita asanu kuchokera pamzake.
3. Mabedi odzazidwa amadzazidwa ndi dziko lapansi kapena peat.
4. Pambuyo pa maonekedwe a masamba enieni, amamera swoop pansi ndi woonda kunja. Chifukwa chake, payenera kukhala mtunda wa masentimita 20 pakati pa zomera, 40 cm kwa mitundu yayitali.
5. Pamene zomera sizikulimbitsa, zimakhala ndi madzi okwanira ambiri.

Malamulo onse oyendetsa marigolds omwe mungapeze m'nkhani ino, ndi momwe mungachitire kunyumba ndi kumunda, werengani pano.

Kuunikira

Pofika pakhomo mverani kuwala kwake. Ngakhale kuti amaloledwa kubzala mthunzi ndi mthunzi, ndi bwino kudzala maluwa otenthawa pamadera omwe ali bwino tsiku lonse. M'madera amenewa, madzi sayenera kuwonjezeka, chifukwa chakuti, maluwa amayamba kuvunda ndi matenda a fungal mizu.

Komanso, posankha malo, kutalika kwa chitsamba n'kofunika. Kawirikawiri mitundu yosiyanasiyana imapanga malire a maluwa kapena imafesedwa m'mapiri a alpine. Mitundu yotsalayo imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati malo apakati pa mabedi kapena kubzala kumbuyo kwa bedi la maluwa.

Zosowa za nthaka

Kawirikawiri, zomera zimakhala zosasamala kulemera ndi kukula kwa nthaka yomwe amakula. Kuti mupeze zotsatira zabwino, ndikulimbikitseni kuti muwabzala mu nthaka yosalekerera, yomwe idakonzedweratu ndi mchere ndi kufufuza zinthu. Kuti apereke oxygen yabwino, amapereka madzi abwino, mwachitsanzo, composting.

Ndikofunika. Mutha kuthirira nthaka ndi feteleza, koma simungathe kugwiritsa ntchito manyowa pa izi.

Chisamaliro ndi kusankha malo

Pokhala ndi malo abwino oyendera malo oyambirira, ndi kuyatsa nthawi zonse, chisamaliro cha marigolds sichiri chovuta, koma chifunikiranso chidwi.

1. Pa nyengo yokula, amafunikira madzi okwanira ambiri popanda kuyanika panthaka. Pakati pa maluwa, nthawi zambiri kuthirira ndi kuchepetsedwa komanso kuyang'anitsitsa kuti pasakhale chinyezi chokhazikika m'nthaka.
2. Kupititsa patsogolo mpweya wabwino kwa zomera, nthaka yozungulira iwo ndi pakati pa mizere imamasulidwa nthawi zonse ndipo namsongole amachotsedwa.
3. Maluwa olingalira amachotsedwa nthawi zonse ndipo ambiri amapanga kudulira. Zimalimbikitsanso kuchotsa mabokosi ambiri a mbewu. Kuti mupitirize kuberekanso mulibe zidutswa zingapo.
4. Katatu pachaka amagwiritsa ntchito feteleza ovuta: akafika masentimita 10 m'litali, panthawi ya maluwa ndi kumayambiriro kwa maluwa. Amalimbikitsidwanso kawiri kuti mizu idyetse ndi feteleza phosphate-potaziyamu. Izi zimachitika panthawi yopanga maluwa komanso pambuyo poyambira maluwa. Nanga bwanji momwe mungadyetse chomeracho, ndiwerengeni apa, ndi momwe maluŵa amawonekera ndi malamulo otani pa kusamalira mbewu pa maluwa ndi pambuyo pake, tawuza apa.
5. Mitengo yautali imayikidwa kuti asaswe pamene mphepo ikuwomba komanso kuchokera ku maluwa.
6. Pamene yoyamba chisanu ikuwonekera, zomera zimaphimba ndi kuchoka mpaka masika.

Chenjerani. Osati amalangiza kugwiritsa ntchito nayitrogenious feteleza, chifukwa chakuti amathandiza kukula kwa zomera kumachoka, koma nthawi yomweyo amaletsa kukula kwa masamba ndi inflorescences.

Matenda wamba ndi tizirombo

• Grey kuvunda inakhazikitsidwa ngati chirimwe chiri mvula kwambiri ndi kuzizira, kapena pamene mutabzala pafupi. Amadziwika ndi mdima wofiirira pa zimayambira ndi masamba. Pambuyo pozindikira, chomeracho chimakumbidwa ndi kuwonongedwa.
• Mizu yovunda amawoneka ngati chifukwa cha chinyezi chambiri panthaka. Amachizidwa ndi phytoncides iliyonse ya zomera.
• Slugs ndi misomali ayambe kulimbana ndi zomera pa chinyezi chachikulu. Limbani nawo mwa kuwasonkhanitsa iwo ndi manja awo ndi kukhazikitsa zotsegula zotseguka ndi bleach pafupi ndi zomera.
• Kangaude mite Zikuwoneka ngati chilimwe ndi youma komanso kuthirira nthawi zonse sikuchitika. Kuwononga spray marigold infusions wa anyezi, tsabola wofiira yarrow. Kenaka, ngati chiwopsezo, amathiridwa ndi madzi awiri kapena katatu patsiku.

Mukhoza kuwerenga za matenda ndi tizilombo toonongeka pano, ndipo talemba za njira zothetsera matenda ndi tizilombo zomwe zimapezeka muzinthu izi.

Kuswana

Mazira osatha amatha kuchulukana mwa kudzifesa, ndipo ngati palibe chofunikira kukolola mbewu, ndiye kuti nambala yina ya mbewu zambewu imangotsala pa tchire. M'tsogolomu, iwo adzatsegula okha ndipo mbewu zidzagwa pansi.

Njira yophweka yobalera ndi kupatsana mchenga wa mayi. Chitsamba chofukula chimagawidwa m'magawo angapo ndi mizu ndi zimayambira. Ndiye iwo amabzalidwa mosiyana malinga ndi malamulo a kukwera.

Mwachidziwikire, tinganene kuti marigolds ndi yabwino kwa oyambirira wamaluwa komanso olima wamaluwa komanso okonza mapulani.

Kusankhidwa kwakukulu kwa mitundu ndi kudzichepetsa pakulima ndi kusamalira, zikhale zosavuta kuzikongoletsa ngati bedi la maluwa mumzinda komanso kutsogolo kwa nyumba yaumwini kapena kanyumba. Ndipo wamaluwa adzakonda mfundo yakuti fungo lawo lidzawopseza tizilombo towononga kuchokera ku mabedi.