Biringanya ku Urals ndizovuta kwambiri kukula. Mtengowu umafunikira nthawi yayitali komanso yotentha, koma mwezi wachilimwe kwenikweni, ndi umodzi - Julayi. Chifukwa chake, biringanya wakula makamaka mu greenhouse: usavutike mtima komanso wamba. Zachidziwikire, muthanso kubzala mitundu yoyambirira panthaka, koma apa - mwayi. Komabe, ngati mungayesere, mutha kuyendetsa bwino nyengo yoipa.
Mitundu yabwino kwambiri ya Ma Urals
Kuphatikiza mfundo za "Ural" ndi "biringanya", sitiyenera kulankhula za Northern Urals, koma za madera okhala mosavuta monga Kurgan, Orenburg kapena Chelyabinsk. Inde, kuno kuli kotentha kovuta, koma chilimwe chilipo, ndipo ndichoyenera kukumba m'mabedi.
Popeza biringanya amakhala ndi nthawi yayitali yobzala, mitundu yoyambirira yokha kapena yapamwamba yoyambirira imabzalidwe ku Urals. Mu wowonjezera kutentha, mutha kudzala nthawi yoyambilira komanso ngakhale yakucha, koma adzafunika osamala kwambiri kuti atayandikire kugwa. Pakadali pano, pali mitundu yambiri ndi ma hybrids a ma biringanya, ndipo angapo a iwo akulimbikitsidwa ndi State Record of the Russian Federation kuti ikulidwe mu nyengo zonse za nyengo.
Biringanya malo otseguka
Tsopano pakugulitsa mumatha kupeza osati mitundu yama biringanya, koma ma hybrids (F1), ndipo m'malo ovulirapo omwe ali pachiwopsezo amakhala odalirika kwambiri, koma mitundu ina yoyenera bwino imamera ndikubereka zipatso bwino. Ku Urals, ndizovuta kubzala biringanya m'malo otseguka; kwa ma landings, munthu ayenera kusankha mtundu woyambirira kapena woyamba kwambiri mitundu ndi hybrids.
- Agate F1 ndiwopatsa mtengo wosakanizidwa. Chifukwa cha nyengo yochepa kwambiri, ndiye kuti ndi yekhayo amene amaimira nzimbe, zakonzedwa zomwe kumapeto kwa kasupe zingafesedwe mwachindunji, koma pansi pa filimuyo. Ngakhale ku Urals, isanayambe chisanu, zipatso zake zingapo zimacha ndikuyesa koteroko. Zipatso za agate za mtundu wamba wa biringanya, masekeli 200-250 g, zokolola zambiri. Wosakanizidwa amalimbana ndi matenda.
Mutha kuyesa kubzala agate mwachindunji m'munda, imakhala ndi nthawi yochepa yotere
- Emerald F1 - biringanya wokhala ndi fungo lamphamvu komanso kukoma kwa bowa, amalimbana kwambiri ndi matenda, ndipo nthawi zambiri amalekerera kuzizira. Kuchokera pakufesa mbewu ndikusankha zipatso zoyambirira, masiku 100-110 akudutsa. Ndizobiriwira, zowondera, zolemera mpaka 300 g. Zimatengedwa ngati wosakanizika, wosabala chipatso nthawi zina zilizonse.
- King of the North F1 - amatha kubzala mbewu ngakhale kutentha kwambiri; mosiyana ndi mitundu ina yambiri, sakonda kutentha kwambiri. Zabwino mu greenhouse ukufika 14 kg / m2, m'malo otseguka chifukwa cha kusinthasintha kwanyengo nyengo, pafupifupi theka. Kuyambira mbande mpaka kukolola zimatenga pafupifupi miyezi itatu. Zipatso ndi zazikulu, zazitali kwambiri komanso zopyapyala, makomedwewo ndi wamba, popanda frills.
King of the North - biringanya wopangidwira makamaka pazovuta kwambiri
- Vera ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana yogwiritsidwa ntchito ndi anthu onse, kucha koyambirira. Nthawi kuchokera kumera kwathunthu mpaka kukolola masiku 100-118 ndi imodzi mwazitundu zochepa zomwe zimalimbikitsidwa makamaka ku dera la Ural. Tchire tating'ono, zipatso zooneka ngati peyala, zolemera 120-200 g, tili ndi ulaliki wabwino. Kupanga kukhazikika, koma kochepa.
- Zowonongeka kumayambiriro kwa 921 - mitundu yoyambirira yakucha, mutamera, zipatsozo zimakolola pambuyo masiku 100. Tchire ndi yaying'ono, zipatso zake ndizochepa, zolemera 120 g, za kukoma kwabwino. Kupanga kotsika.
Zovala zoyambirira - imodzi mwazipatso zodziwika bwino zoyambirira kumpoto
- Quartet ndi chipatso choyambirira cha mabulosi, kucha ngati masiku 12 mpaka 122 kuchokera patatuluka. Mabasi osapitirira 60 masentimita, zipatso za mawonekedwe ofupizika ngati peyala, zopanda gloss, zolemera kupitirira 100. Zosiyanasiyana zimagwirizana ndi matenda ambiri komanso nyengo yonyowa.
- Adamant ndi amodzi mwa mitundu yatsopano yakucha, nthawi yakucha zipatso ndiyosakwana miyezi itatu mutamera kumera. Kulemera kwa biringanya kwapakati ndi 250-300 g, mawonekedwewo ndi ozungulira, oyera ndi mikwingwirima yofiirira ya utoto wapakati. Zosiyanasiyana sizigwirizana ndi matenda osiyanasiyana, kucha kwamphukira.
- Fabina F1 ndi amodzi mwa zipatso zoyambirira kucha.Zigawo zakumwera, zipatso zimatha kulawa m'miyezi iwiri kapena ingapo mutatuluka, ku Urals nyengo imachedwa mpaka miyezi 3-3.5. Tchire ndilotsika, mpaka 60 masentimita, zipatso zolemera 200 g, elong, mpaka 23 cm. kukoma kwake ndikabwino kwambiri. Zosiyanasiyana sizimakhudzana ndi kangaude, ndipo matenda a fungus samawopa.
Fabina - okhwima mawonekedwe a chipatso ndi zokoma biringanya
Biringanya kwa wowonjezera kutentha
Mitundu yakucha-yakucha ku Urals siipsa ngakhale mkati wowonjezera kutentha, chifukwa chake, pano, tikulankhula za mitundu yotalikilapo nthawi yakupsa. M'malo obiriwira ndikofunikira kubzala mitundu yomwe, pazifukwa zosiyanasiyana, sizilandira bwino kusinthasintha kwa nyengo, koma yololera kwambiri ndipo ili ndi mawonekedwe okoma kwambiri.
- Giselle F1 ndi msewu wophatikiza womwe umatha kukhala wobiriwira komanso malo otseguka. Mtengowo ndi wamtunda wa 170-190 masentimita, wofalikira, womwe ungathe kukula m'chipinda chobiriwira: tchire lalitali lopulumutsa. M'malo obiriwira, zipatso zake ndi 11.6-17.6 kg / m2. Zipatso zolemera mpaka 400 g, cylindrical mawonekedwe, zimakhala ndi mawonekedwe abwino, zimasungidwa bwino. Kututa koyamba kuli ngati masiku 107-117 patatha masiku kumera kwathunthu.
Giselle ndi wosakanizidwa wotchuka; umakula mkati ndi kunja kwa nyumba yobiriwira.
- Maria ndiwololera kwambiri zipatso zoyambirira kucha; mu Urals mutha kumalimidwa pokha malo obiriwira. Mabasi ndiwotali, osasimbika. Kukaniza matenda ndi kusintha kwa kutentha ndikokwera. Zipatso ndizacylindrical, pafupifupi zopanda gloss, zazitali kutalika, zolemera 200 g. Lawani zabwino, zokolola zambiri.
- Kupsa koyambirira ndi mtundu wakale, wodziwika bwino. Ndizoyenera kuyala ponsepo komanso nyumba zosanja. Mabasi ndi omasulidwa, yaying'ono. Zipatso zakonzeka kukolola patatha masiku 110 mutabzala. Zokolola ndizochepa, zipatso zolemera 100-200 g, zooneka ngati peyala. Osalemekeza kukula.
- Diamondi ndi mtundu wamkati mwa nyengo, womwe ndiodziwika kwambiri mdziko lathu, wakula kuyambira 1983. Nthawi yochokera ku kupangika kwaukadaulo ndi masiku 109-149, nthawi imeneyi zimadalira kwambiri momwe zinthu zikukula. Tchire ndi lokwera masentimita 45-55. Zipatsozo ndizacylindrical, zolemera 100-150 g, kukoma kwake ndikabwino. Zipatso zam'munsi zimakhudza pansi. Yogwirizana ndi matenda. M'madera otentha, imamera malo otseguka, ku Urals iwo amabzalidwa m'malo obisika chifukwa nthawi yayitali.
Daimondi - wapamwamba mu ufumu wa biringanya
- Nutcracker F1 ndi wobala zipatso wapakatikati wapakatikati, wamtali. Chipatsochi chimapsa patatha masiku 98 mpaka 60 kuchokera kumera kwathunthu. Zipatsozo ndi zazikulupo, zopaka mawonekedwe, zolemera 250-350 g, kukoma kwabwino. Kucha zipatso ndi pang'onopang'ono, zokolola ndizambiri: pazitali -19,5 kg / m2.
- Valentine F1 - woyamba wosakanizidwa, wamtali. Zipatso za mawonekedwe apamwamba a peyala, masekeli 200-250 g, kukoma kwabwino kwambiri. Zabwino ndizochepa, matenda amateteza.
Valentina ndi wosakanizidwa yemwe samawala ndi kuchuluka kwa mbewu, koma ali ndi zipatso zokoma kwambiri.
- Vicar ndi mtundu woyamba kucha, umamera m'matchire otsika, mpaka mpaka zipatso 15 zolemera 80-150 g, popanda kunyezimira. Kucha zipatso kumachitika patangotha masiku 114 kumera kwathunthu. Osiyana ochezeka kubweza kwa mbewu ndi kukana kutentha.
Zinthu zikukula
Kwa ma Urals, kulima biringanya ndi vuto chifukwa mbewu iyi ili ndi zofunika zazikulu - yotentha komanso yotentha. Inde, m'malo obiriwira, makamaka otentha, mutha kupanga kutentha kofunikira, koma masamba aliwonse amawapeza kukoma kwake kwenikweni padzuwa. Ndipo dzuwa ndilofunikira kwambiri biringanya. Chifukwa chake, ambiri olima dimba amayesa kubzala abuluu poyera, koma ku Urals amayenera kuphimbidwa ndi filimu nthawi yayitali yambiri ikulira.
Kwenikweni, ku Urals, biringanya wobzalidwa m'malo obzala mitengo, ngakhale izi, mbande sizingagawidwe ndi izi: ngakhale mitundu yoyambirira iyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito pafupifupi miyezi iwiri m'malo abwino, ndipo mabiringanya amaphukira zolimba. Chifukwa chake, nkhani yonse ndi kulima kwawo kumayamba nthawi yozizira, pomwe mu February ayamba kukonza zonse zodzabzala, ndipo kumapeto kwa mwezi mbewu za mbande zabzala kale.
Ku Urals, okhala pachilimwe wamba amatsegula nyengo yamunda m'maholide a Meyi. Pakadali pano, nthawi zina ndizosagwiranso ntchito ndi nthaka, koma ndikofunikira kuyamba kukonzera mabedi a biringanya. Chifukwa chake, akhala akuchita izi kuyambira kugwa. Pa chikhalidwe ichi, mabedi ayenera kukhala otentha, ndipo nthaka mwa iwo yopatsa thanzi, kotero muyenera kupanga feteleza wambiri, makamaka wachilengedwe. Ndowa zosachepera 1 ndi theka zidebe za humus kapena kompositi ndi mtsuko wa lita phulusa la nkhuni zimawonjezeredwa pa 1 m², komanso supuni ya superphosphate ndi potaziyamu sulfate.
Pamene kukula biringanya popanda zabwino humus sangachite
Kuphatikiza pa kutenthedwa ndi kutentha komanso kupepuka, komanso zofunika kwambiri pakapangidwe dothi, ma biringanya amafunikira chinyezi chambiri. Thirirani madzi pafupipafupi. Mizere yama biringanya iyenera kuyikidwa kuchokera kumpoto mpaka kumwera kuti iwunikire bwino komanso kuwotha ndi dzuwa. Zomwe zimayambitsa kwambiri biringanya ndi kabichi, anyezi, dzungu ndi nyemba. Osawabzala mutatha tomato, tsabola ndi mbatata.
Kukula mbande
Kukula mbande za biringanya si ntchito yophweka, njirayi ndiyovuta kuposa kukonzekera mbande za phwetekere ngakhale tsabola, ngakhale siziphatikiza nthawi zapadera.
Mukadzala biringanya kwa mbande
Mbeu za biringanya, makamaka zowuma, zimamera kwa nthawi yayitali, ndipo mbewu zokonzedwa bwino zimamera mwachangu, koma osati nthawi imodzi. Mbewu zoyambirira zitha kuoneka m'masiku 7-8, kenako masiku enanso 10-15 awonekeranso. Kukonzekera kwa mbeu ndi nthaka zokulira mbande kumayamba nthawi yozizira.
Nthawi yabwino yofesa mbewu za mbande kudera la Ural ndiye kutha kwa February. Nthawi imeneyi imakhala yodziyimira pokha ngati mbewuyo ibzalira panthaka kapena yotsekedwa. Ku Urals, mulimonsemo, mbande ziyenera kubzalidwa kumayambiriro kwa chilimwe, komanso mu wowonjezera kutentha pakati kapena kumapeto kwa Meyi. Ndipo mbande zabwino kwambiri za malo amenewa zili kale ndi masamba. Inde, mbande zingabzalidwe mu kutentha kwanyengo ngakhale mu Epulo, koma ndizovuta kuphika ngakhale m'nyengo yozizira ngakhale kunyumba: kulibe dzuwa lokwanira, kuwunikira kwofunikira kumafunikira, ndipo kumakhala kotentha kwambiri pawindo m'nyengo yozizira.
Kubzala kukonzekera
Biringanya ndi yabwino kufesedwa nthawi yomweyo m'matumba akuluakulu a peat. Komabe, nthawi yomweyo amafunikira malo ambiri pazenera. Chifukwa chake, poyamba zimafesedwa m'bokosi laling'ono, ndipo mutakula mbande, amazimbira mumiphika. Komabe, ma biringanya sagwira bwino ntchito kutola, kuletsa kukula kwa nthawi yayitali, olima minda ambiri amabzala mbewu m'mikapu yaying'ono, ndipo mbande zikamakula, zimasinthira m'miphika yayikulu popanda kusokoneza mizu.
Ngati pali peat ndi mchenga, dothi la mbande limatha kupangika palokha ndikusakaniza dothi la m'munda ndi peat pakati ndikuwonjezera gawo khumi la mchenga. Pafupifupi 50 g yazinthu zilizonse zovuta za feteleza ndi phulusa lamatabwa pang'ono zimawonjezeredwa mumtsuko wotere. Nthaka yomwe itayikidwayi iyenera kuphera tizirombo toyambitsa matenda ndikuwathira thonje ndi pinki yankho la potaziyamu. Komabe, pakukulira mbande zochepa, ndikosavuta kugula dothi lopangidwa kale.
Mbewu zimafalitsidwanso tizilombo toyambitsa matenda musanafesere, pogwiritsa ntchito njira yamdima ya potaziyamu permanganate. Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timakhala mphindi 20-30, pambuyo pake kupsinjika ndi madzi oyera kumakhala kofunikira. Ndikofunika kuti muumitse mbeu mufiriji (mumalochinyezi kwa masiku 3-4).
Kuthira dothi m'nthaka, mumafunikira njira yofooka ya potaziyamu permanganate (kumanja), ndi mbewu - yankho lamphamvu (kumanzere)
Kuphatikiza apo, ndikofunikira kuchitira mbewu yodzaza ndi chothandizira kukulitsa, njirayi imakulitsa kumera kwa mbeu ndikuthandizira mbewu zamtsogolo. Mutha kugwiritsa ntchito Epin-Extra kapena Zircon, mosamalitsa malinga ndi malangizo. Olima ena amalima mbewu asanabzale, koma izi sizofunikira: mutha kubzala mutangotha mufiriji.
Kufesa mbewu za mbande
Kusakaniza kwadothi kosakidwa kumathiridwa m'magalasi ang'onoang'ono (mwachitsanzo, kuchokera ku kirimu wowawasa).
- Konzani zikho zamitundu iwiri kapena itatu.
Mbewu zitha kuikidwa pansi, kapena m'maenje
- Timagona ndi dothi lotalika 1.5 cm.
- Pamwamba, mutha kungoyala chisanu chambiri masentimita angapo. Yasungunuka, imagwirizanitsa dothi. Kuphatikiza apo, madzi oundana amachititsa kuti njira za kukula zikule bwino.
Madzi oundana ndi omwe amathirira bwino kwambiri mbewu
- Timaphimba makapu ndi galasi kapena filimu yowonekera ndikuyika malo otentha, kutentha kusanachitike kumafunikira 25-28 ° C. Ngati dothi limayamba kumera lisanatuluke, liyenera kuthiridwa ndi madzi mosamala.
Kanemayo amapanga kutulutsa bwino kwanyengo.
Kusamalira Mbewu
Mbewu zikaonekera, magalalawo ayenera kukonzedwanso pamawonekedwe abwino ozizira a zenera, kutentha kwa 16-18 ° С. Njirayi imafunikira pafupifupi sabata, ndiye kuti kutentha kumawonjezera pang'onopang'ono mpaka 23-25 ° C ndikusiyidwa mpaka kumapeto kwa kulima. Mbewu zoyipa kwambiri zimachotsedwa mosamala, ndikusiya kapu imodzi, yolimba.
Mbande zimamwetsedwa ndi madzi okhazikika ndi kutentha kwa 30-32 zaKuyambira 1-2 pa sabata, koma mosapumira: kuchokera pakuthothoka dothi, chiopsezo chokhala ndi mmera wakuda chikukula. Pakadutsa masiku 12 mutamera kumera chovala chofooka chapamwamba: supuni 1 ya feteleza wa nayitrogeni mumtsuko.
Mbande zimakula mosasiyananso, ndipo zimasinthidwa m'miphika yayikulu ziyenera kuchitidwa mosamala. Poterepa, muyenera kuyesa kuchotsa chitsamba muchikho ndi dothi lonse lomwe likupezeka. Mulingo woyenera kwambiri wokhala ndi zotengera za mbande za moyo pafupifupi lita imodzi, nthaka ndiyofanana ndi magalasi. Zomera zogwiritsidwa ntchito popanda kuzama, mitundu yokhazikika yokha yokha yomwe ingabzalidwe pang'ono mozama momwe idakulira m'makapu.
Mphika uliwonse wa mphika womwe wapangidwa, uyenera kukhala waukulu
Kwa milungu iwiri kapena itatu musanalikire mbandezo m'mabedi amaziziritsa, ndikuzipititsa kukhonde poyambira pang'ono pang'ono. Poterepa, matenthedwe sayenera kukhala otsika kwambiri: 12-14 zaC kwa mbande sikokwanira kale. Asanabzale, mbande zimamwetsedwa bwino. Wokonzeka kubzala mbande azikhala ndi kutalika kwa 20-25 masentimita ndi masamba akulu akulu 5-8. Ngati masamba atuluka kale - zabwino kwambiri.
Kuyika mbande m'mabedi
Mukakulitsa mabiringanya ku Urals mu wowonjezera kutentha, mutha kuwabzala kumeneko koyambirira kwa Meyi, koma nthawi zambiri amachita izi Meyi 20. Ndi kuchepa kwa kutentha, kuwonjezera pake kuphimba ndi zida zopanda nsalu. Pobzala, mbande pano zitha kukonzedwa kale kuposa m'ma Juni, pomwe nthaka imayamba kutentha. Ndipo ngakhale panthawiyi, ma arc amayenera kuyikiridwa, yokutidwa ndi filimu, kenako ndikusinthidwa ndi spanbond, ndipo kumapeto kwa June amangochotsa pogona masana.
Tikufika
Ndikotheka kubzala mbande m'munda pokhapokha dothi litatentha mpaka 15 zaC. Izi zikutanthauza kuti ku Urals sikungatheke popanda kukonzekereratu komanso kukonzekera bedi lalikulu. Kwa biringanya ndikofunikira kumanga mabedi ofunda. Kuti muchite izi, sankhani malo owala bwino, otsekedwa ndi mphepo yozizira.
Chilimwe chatha, dzenje lidakonzedwa ndikuzama 20-25 masentimita m'litali ndi m'lifupi la mabedi amtsogolo. Zinyalala zosiyanasiyana zimayikidwa mmenemo: utuchi, masamba, nthambi za mitengo, udzu wosenda, zinyalala za m'nyumba, etc. Ngati pali peat, amawaza bedi mosamala. Nthawi ndi nthawi, kuthirira madzi onse ndi kulowetsedwa kwa mullein kapena ndowa. Yophukira itagona poyambirira idachotsa dothi.
M'mphepete mwa bedi lalitali lomwe mwatsekedwa limatsekeka ndi chilichonse. Chapakatikati, bedi limakonkhedwa ndi phulusa la nkhuni ndikuthiridwa ndi madzi ofunda ndi kuwonjezera kwa mullein.Mukathirira, chivundikirani ndi kanema kuti muchotse nthaka. Patsiku lotha kubzala mbewu, nthaka imamasulidwa, kenako mabowo a kukula kofunikira amapangidwa. Chiwembu chodzala chimadalira zosiyanasiyana, koma pakati pa tchire sichiyenera kupitirira 35 cm, komanso pakati pa mizere - kuyambira 50 mpaka 70 cm.
Pa tchire pakhoza kukhala masamba 4 okha, koma liyenera kukhala chomera cholimba, ndipo liyenera kusunthidwa pansi osasokoneza mizu
Mukabzala, mbande sizigwa, idabzalidwa mwachindunji, osapindika. Miphika ya peat imabzalidwe limodzi ndi mbande, kuchokera mbande zopanda peat zimasinthidwa ndi zonse zomwe zili mumphika. Ndikofunika kuperekera zikhomo, ngati tchire m'tsogolo lifunika garter. Mbeu zam'mundamo zimathiriridwa ndi madzi ofunda, ndipo nthaka idakwiliridwa. Onetsetsani kuti mwaphimba mundawo ndi filimu.
Kubzala Wobiriwira
Biringanya mu Urals nthawi zambiri amakhala mu greenh m'nyumba. M'malo obiriwira, makamaka polycarbonate, kutentha amafikira iwo koyambirira. Koma kutatsala pang'ono kubzala, konzekerani bwino mabedi. Mukugwa, zinyalala zonse za mbewu zimachotsedwa ndipo dothi limakhazikitsidwa. Ngati panali matenda a chomera, ndibwino kusinthiratu nthaka yonse. M'dzinja, amakumba pansi ndi feteleza.
Chapakatikati, sabata isanakudzulidwe, mundawo umathiriridwa ndi yofooka yankho lamkuwa wa sulfate ndikuphimbidwa ndi filimu. Pakatha masiku 1-2, filimuyo imachotsedwa ndipo dothi limaloledwa kufika pamalo pomwe lingathe kugwira nawo ntchito. Amasulidwa bwino, kupendekera ndi peyala ndikubzala mbande. Mitindo yobzala ndiyofanana ndi kunja kwanyengo. Mitundu yayitali mutha kuyikapo cheke.
Vidiyo: Kubzala biringanya m'mabedi
Kubzala mbewu m'munda
Ngakhale kum'mwera kwa dziko lathu, akamakula mabiringanya, nthawi zambiri amakhala wopanda mbande. Mu Urals, izi ndizosatheka, ngakhale mutha kuyesera posankha zowonjezera zoyambirira. Pankhaniyi, kugwiritsa ntchito nyumba zosungiramo mitengo sikukhala ndi vuto lalikulu pamtunda wosatetezedwa.
Kuti tipeze mbewu yoyambira kwambiri, boti liyenera kubzalidwa m'munda kumayambiriro kwa Meyi. Kuti muchite izi, bedi la mundawo liyenera kukonzedwa mokwanira mu kugwa, kuphatikizapo kupanga malo okhala. Pofika nthawi yofesa, dothi lakuya masentimita 10 liyenera kutentha mpaka 15 ° C. Chifukwa chake, choyamba muyenera kuthira bedi ndi madzi otentha, kenako ndikuphimba kwa masiku angapo ndi filimu.
Mbewu zofesedwa kwambiri: mphamvu yake ya kumera m'mavuto otere imakhala yotsika kuposa masiku. M'mizere yomwe idapangidwa pambuyo pa 50-60 masentimita, mbewu zimafesedwa masentimita asanu ndi amodzi pambuyo pake. Kanemayo amachotsedwa pokhapokha chilimwe chomwe chilipo.
Kusamalira
Biringanya mutatha kumuika poyamba pang'onopang'ono, kukula kumangoyambika pakatha milungu iwiri. M'masabata awiri awa, muyenera kuwonetsetsa kuti dothi lonyowa pang'ono komanso lotayirira. Chisamaliro chotsatira chimaphatikizapo kuthirira, kuvala pamwamba, kumasula ndikupanga tchire.
Biringanya panja
Chifukwa chiyani munafunikira miphika yayikulu ya mbande? Chabwino, ngati panali malo okwanira kuti amugwirizire iye kunyumba pafupi miyezi itatu, mpaka kukhazikitsa masamba. Kenako padzakhalanso mwayi wina woti kutchireko kubwere mbewu wamba. Amapezeka akuwombera kanema kuchokera ku arcs ku Urals kokha mu Julayi. Kuyambira theka lachiwiri la Juni, mabiringanya amatsegulidwa masana, koma abwezereni pogona usiku. Ndipo mu Ogasiti, kuziziritsa kumatha kubweranso, ndipo mbewuzo zidzafunanso kukulunga: osati mosalekeza, koma ndi kutentha kotsika.
Kanemayo mu Urals samachotsedwa konse
Kutsirira kumafunikira mosalekeza: nthaka pakama ndi biringanya nthawi zonse iyenera kukhala yonyowa pang'ono. Iyenera kuthiridwa ndi madzi otenthetsedwa padzuwa, pansi pa muzu. Mpaka masamba atatseguka, dimba limathiriridwa kamodzi pa sabata: m'mawa kapena madzulo, kuthera pafupifupi mita imodzi pafupi ndowa2. Mukatulutsa, madzi nthawi zambiri. Pambuyo kuthirira kapena mvula iliyonse, kulima kumachitika, limodzi ndi kuwonongeka kwa namsongole.
Kubowera biringanya ku Urals sikugwiritsidwa ntchito. Mpaka zipatso zitayikidwa, kuvala pamwamba sikumachitika, koma amapatsidwa kawiri pamwezi. Poyamba, ma infusions a mullein kapena zitosi za mbalame amagwiritsidwa ntchito, ndipo munthawi yolira zipatso kwambiri, sikofunikira kupereka nayitrogeni, chifukwa chake, superphosphate ndi potaziyamu sulfate zokha ndi zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito. Mutha kusintha feteleza wa mchere ndi phulusa la phulusa.
Mapangidwe a tchire pamalo owonekera kudera la Ural sakukhudzidwa. Komabe, mbewu zikafika 40 cm, zimadina pamwamba. Pambuyo pake, kuchuluka kwa thumba losunga mazira ndi komwe kumakonzedweratu, osasiyanso zitsanzo zazikulu kwambiri za 5-6 pachitsamba. Pambuyo pochotsa mazira owonjezera, maluwa onse omwe angopangidwa kumene amadulidwa. Dulani masamba, kuphimba zipatso dzuwa.
Biringanya mu wowonjezera kutentha
Eggplants ku Urals amafunikiranso chisamaliro chosatopa mu zobiriwira: ngakhale m'malo otetezeka, kupambana kwa chochitika kumadalira nyengo yamakono. Biringanya imafunikira kuwala kwa dzuwa ndi kutentha kwenikweni, kolimba. Kuwala ndi dzuwa kuyenera kukhala kwakukulu, ndipo kutentha mkati mwa wowonjezera kutentha kuyenera kukhala pafupifupi 25-30 zaC, pafupifupi posowa kusinthasintha kwa chakudya. Ndipo ngati nthawi yotentha mu wowonjezera kutentha mutha kusamalira kutentha posatsegula zenera ndi zitseko, ndiye kuti muyenera kutseka usiku.
Chifukwa chake, zikuwoneka kuti sizingatheke kukulitsa mazira ku Urals, kumafika kunyumba kokhako kumapeto kwa sabata.
Kuthilira mu wowonjezera kutentha kumafunikira pafupipafupi kuposa kunja kwake. Ma regimen odyetsa sasiyana ndi omwe akamakula panthaka, koma mapangidwe a tchire ndizovomerezeka. Biringanya akamakula mpaka kutalika kwa 30 cm, kutsina pamwamba pa tsinde lalikulu, kenako mphukira zam'mbali zimayamba kukula. Amatha kusiya zidutswa 4-5. Onetsetsani kuti mukuchotsa masamba onse achikasu, komanso masamba ophimba zipatsozo kuchokera pakuwala.
Mu wowonjezera kutentha, ndikofunikira kubala zipatso, kuwapatsa kuwala kwambiri momwe mungathere
Mu wowonjezera kutentha, kupukutanso kwina kwamaluwa kumafunikiranso, komwe kumachitika ndikusintha mungu kuchokera ku maluwa amodzi kupita kwina ndi burashi. Njirayi ndiyofunikira makamaka pamene chinyezi chambiri chikulu kwambiri.
Kututa ndi kusunga
Zipatso za biringanya ku Urals sizili zokonzeka kutola mpaka Ogasiti. Mu nyengo yabwino yachilimwe, poyera kutchire simungatenge zipatso zosaposa 5-7, ndipo mu wowonjezera kutentha ndi mitundu yochepa yokha yomwe imapanga zipatso zochulukirapo. Biringanya amachotsedwa mu gawo la kukhwima mwaukadaulo: amakula kukula pamlingo wazosiyanasiyana, kukhala ndi mtundu womwe akufuna, ndikupeza thupi labwino. Mbewu mu gawo laukadaulo labwinobwino lidakali loyera, lofewa kukhudza, losapsa. Zokolola ziyenera kuchotsedwa sabata iliyonse, ndibwino kudula zipatsozo ndi ma secateurs, pamodzi ndi peduncle. Ma biringanya osapsa ndi oyenera mbewu zokha.
Biringanya imasungidwa kwakanthawi kochepa: nthawi imeneyi imafika pamwezi umodzi. Iyenera kusungidwa pamodzi ndi mapesi, kutentha kwakukulu nthawi imodzi 1-2 zaC, chinyezi chachibale 85-90%. Popeza ndizovuta kuwasunga, amayesa kukonza zipatso m'masiku oyambilira atachotsedwa.
Vidiyo: Kututa Biringanya
Ku Urals, chilimwe ndi chachifupi kwambiri, ndi chosakwanira kukula kwa ma biringanya poyera. Komabe, kulima zobiriwira nthawi zambiri kumabweretsa chipambano chotsimikizika. Koma ngakhale m'malo obiriwira obzalidwa makamaka mitundu ndi ma hybrids, ndipo ngakhale kulima wowonjezera kutentha kumafuna khama komanso khama.
