Mphesa - chikhalidwe cha mabulosi kumwera kumwera kumera pafupifupi bwalo lililonse. Zaka makumi angapo zapitazi, gawo lolimidwa kwa mbewuyi lapita kutali kumpoto, kuphatikizapo chifukwa cha kupanga mitundu yatsopano. Kusangalala ndi chimodzi mwazinthu zatsopano, zomwe zimakula bwino m'malo azikhalidwe zachilengedwe, ndipo zimadalira madera ena kumpoto.
Mphesa Zosangalatsa - nkhani yatsopano
Kusangalala ndi mtundu wina watsopano wa manyumwa amene amachokera kwa aku Amerika amateur obereketsa V.V. Zagorulko m'dera la Zaporozhye pa nthawi ya kukonzanso kwa Flora ndi Kodryanka. Popeza siziwoneka ngati mitundu yosanja yovomerezeka, mphesa za Zabava ndizosangalatsa kwambiri kwa olima amateur.
Zosiyanasiyana zimadziwikanso pansi pa dzina lina Laura wakuda.
Mphesa Kusangalala - tebulo zosiyanasiyana kucha m'masiku 100-110
Kufotokozera kwa kalasi
Uwu ndi mtundu woyamba wa mphesa zakuphwa tebulo masiku 100-110. Mabasi ndi amphamvu. Zipatsozo ndizowoneka ngati chowulungika, zolemera mpaka 10 g, khungu limakhala labluu ndi utoto wambiri waxy. Masango ndi akulu, okongola, onyamula katundu, owoneka bwino kwambiri. Guwa ndilopakika, kukoma ndikabwino kwambiri.
Ndi chisamaliro chabwino, Kusangalala kumasangalala ndi kukolola kochuluka
Chizolowezi chobera zipatso za mu Chikondwererochi sichiwoneka. Maluwa amakhala amitundu iwiri, motero palibe chifukwa chobzala mitundu yowonjezera mungu. Kuthirira (mapangidwe ang'onoang'ono zipatso) ndikosowa kwambiri, kokha nyengo yamvula nthawi yamaluwa. Kulimbana ndi matenda pamlingo wambiri. Mlingo wa mizu ya odulidwa ndiwokwera. Mphukira zimacha bwino. Kuuma kwa nyengo yozizira kumakhala kotsika, popanda pogona kuzizira kotheratu pa -20 ° C.
Kanema: Mphesa zosangalatsa
Zambiri zodzala ndi chisamaliro
Mphesa Kusangalala kumera bwino panthaka yonse kupatula madambo achinyontho ndi mchere. Pokonzekera munda wamphesa wamtsogolo, zotsatirazi ndizofunikira kwambiri:
- kuwunikira bwino tsiku lonse;
- kutetezedwa ku mphepo zamphamvu;
- chisamaliro.
Madera akumpoto, ndikofunikira kubzala mphesa kumakoma akumwera.
Mukakonza munda wamphesa, nthawi yomweyo konzani zokhazikitsidwa zonse za chilimwe pa trellis ndi malo pogona nyengo yachisanu
Popanda pobisalira, Zabava nthawi zambiri imakhala nyengo ya Crimea ndi Caucasus. M'madera ena onse, amafunika kuti achotse mu trellis ndikuphimba mosamala nthawi yachisanu. Chifukwa chake, thandizo siliyenera kukhala lalitali kwambiri, ndipo kumapazi kwake kuyenera kupereka malo oyenera osakira mphesa nthawi yachisanu.
Kusangalatsa ndi mitundu yamphamvu. Kukula mwabwinobwino ndi zipatso, mtunda pakati pa tchire uyenera kukhala osachepera 2 m.
Kusangalala ndikofunikira kuti zipatso zitheke
Nthawi yayitali
Mphesa zingabzalidwe mu yophukira kumadera akum'mwera kokha ndi nyengo yotentha. Saplings for yophukira kubzala ayenera kucha, ndi tawny wandiweyani mphukira (wowonda wobiriwira ndithudi amaundana). Onetsetsani kuti mizu yake ndi yotani, pamadulidwewo ayenera kukhala oyera.
Pakatikati, ndikofunikira kubzala mphesa posachedwa, nthaka ikatentha mpaka + 10 ° C. Mbewu zomwe zikula bwino zomwe zimapangidwa bwino ngati mizu zitha kubzalidwa kumayambiriro kwa chilimwe.
Mphesa zimabzalidwa masika
Malingaliro obzala mmunda wamphesa
Maenje a mphesa amakumbidwa mwanjira yoti mizu yake imakhala yakuzama pafupifupi mamita 0.5. Pakuuma kwambiri, iwo amabzala zazing'ono, ndipo atabzala, phiri lamtunda wachonde limathiridwa pamwamba. Pansi pa chitsamba chilichonse, mukabzala, amapanga ndowa ziwiri za humus, ndikusakaniza ndi dothi. Mbande zimakonda kupendekera ndi dothi lapansi, kungotsala masamba 1 okha pamwamba.
Manyowa atsopano a mphesa sayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito!
Kumpoto, mphesa zimabzalidwa m'maudzu.
M'madera akumpoto, kudzala mphesa nthawi zambiri kumagwiritsidwa ntchito, komwe kumakhala malo abwino kwambiri osamalira nyengo yachisanu. Mphepo zimapangidwa mpaka mita imodzi m'lifupi, pang'ono kukoka pansi, ndi makhoma okhala ndi matayala kapena matabwa. Kuzama kwa gawo lokereali kumafikira 0,5 m, apa mphesa ziziikidwira nyengo yachisanu. Pansi pa ngalande mumakumbapo mabowo kuti muzibzale, kuti mizu ikhale yakuya masentimita 30 kuchokera pansi pa ngalande.
Kwa nthawi yozizira, mphesa zimachotsedwa pamiyala ndikuphimbidwa mumiyendo.
M'malo louma, limodzi ndi kubzala mbande, makonzedwe amakonzekereranso kwambiri. Gawo lina la bomba la asbestos-simenti limakumba mita imodzi kuchokera mmera uliwonse kuti mathero ake akhale akuya pafupifupi 0.5 m, i.e. pa malo a mizu yayikulu ya mphesa. Pansi pa mapaipi awa, njerwa zosalala kapena zosweka zimayikidwa kuti madzi abalalike bwino. M'tsogolomu, madzi okha kudzera m'mapaipi awa.
Imodzi ndi kubzala mbande, amakumba zidutswa za chitoliro kuti azithirira
Vineyard Care Board
Kutsirira bwino mphesa zosapsa ndizovulaza. Madzi mu chilala chokha, mabatani anayi a madzi pachitsamba chilichonse, ndipo nthawi zina:
- kuthirira koyamba - musanayambe maluwa;
- chachiwiri - pambuyo maluwa;
- chachitatu - pa kukula kwa zipatso;
- wachinayi - mochedwa kumapeto kwa chisanu.
Simungathe kuthirira mphesa nthawi yamaluwa (zipatso sizingakule bwino, padzakhala "peeling") komanso nthawi yakucha (zipatso zimatha kusweka).
Manyowa mphesa mchaka chokha komanso mulingo waukulu, osapitirira 30-40 g nitroammophoski pa mita imodzi2. Feteleza zochulukirapo amawononga kukoma kwa zipatso ndikupanga nthawi yachisanu kuvomera.
Ndikofunika kuyika dothi lonse m'munda wampesa ndi filimu yakuda yakuda. Izi zimachotsa udzu wambiri komanso zimathandizira kuti nthaka ikhale chinyezi.
Mapangidwe a mphesa zimatengera makonzedwe osankhidwa a tchire ndi kapangidwe kothandizira. Zachikulu zazikulu maburashi Kusangalala kumafunika kuti kumangika kwa mphukira zamtundu wa zipatso kumayambira trellis.
Mabulashi olemera Kusangalala kumafuna kumangiriza mphukira kuti zithandizire
Kukaniza matenda kusangalala ndi avareji. M'madera azikhalidwe zamtchire, momwe nthawi zonse pamakhala matenda akale okalamba, chithandizo chofunikira chimafunikira.
- Chithandizo choyambirira chili kumayambiriro kwa nyengo yokukula kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa ndi Kurzat (motsutsana ndi khosi, anthracnose ndi mawanga akuda) ndi Talendo (motsutsana ndi oidium).
- Chithandizo chachiwiri ndikumapopera asana maluwa ndi Talendo (motsutsana ndi oidium) ndi Thanos (motsutsana ndi mildew).
- Chithandizo chachitatu ndichofanana ndi chachiwiri - mutangomaliza maluwa.
Pomwe mphesa sizinakhalepo kale, ndizotheka kwa nthawi yayitali popanda kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala, popeza palibe gwero la matenda.
Pogona nyengo yachisanu
Zosangalatsa nyengo yachisanu ziyenera kusungidwa mosamala kulikonse kupatula ma subtropics. Kukonzekera pogona kumayambira pambuyo pa zovuta zoyambirira. Pofika nthawi ino, masamba a mphesa amatha kukhala ofiira, kuwuluka konse kapena kukhalabe obiriwira, zonse zomwe mungachite ndizobwinobwino ndipo zimatengera nyengo ndi nthaka. Tisanakhazikike, chitsamba chimadulidwa. Kudulira kwa masika kumakhala kowopsa chifukwa cha "kulira" kwamphamvu kwa mpesa nthawi yamasamba.
Pogona, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito matabwa, slate, film, polystyrene foam, nthambi za coniferous spruce. Chosamba, udzu, masamba agwa sioyenera - zimakopa mbewa ndipo zimavunda mosavuta kuterera. M'nyengo yozizira, kuzizira komanso kuvunda sizowopsa ngati chisanu.
Ndondomeko
- Phimbani nthaka pansi pa tchire ndi zinthu zofolerera kapena kanema kuti musayanjane ndi mpesa ndi nthaka.
Popewa kukhudzana ndi nthaka, zigawo za zinthu zoteteza zimayikidwa pansi pa mphesa
- Chotsani mpesa ku trellis.
- Chepetsa mphukira zochulukirapo, fupikitsa masamba obiriwira osakhwima. Onetsetsani kuti mwang'amba masamba ngati iwowo sangathe kubowoka.
- Mangani mphukira zonse zotsalira mtolo wosakakamira, gonani pansi zakonzedwa, kanikizani pansi ndi ma arc kapena zibowo. Ikani ma arcs pamtunda wapamwamba.
Mphesa wamtchire womangirizidwa pamtanda ndikuwakankhira pansi
- Mutha kuponyera nthambi zina zazing'onozing'ono pamitengo ingapo ngati nkotheka.
- Kutentha mukangokhala pansi 0zaC, koka polyethylene wandiweyani m'magawo awiri m'mphepete mwako, kanikizani m'mphepete mwamphamvu pansi, motetezeka ndi njerwa ndikuwaza ndi lapansi.
- Pazovala zamtundu wautali, mphesa ziyenera kuthandizidwa, kuwulula pang'ono kumunsi kwa filimuyo.
Mphesa zobzalidwa m'ming'alu nthawi yachisanu zimakutidwa ndi slate
Njira yosavuta yophimbira mphesa zobzalidwa m'ming'oma. Pansi pa ngalandezo pali ulalowu ndi kanema, mtengo wamphesa wokonzedwa kuchoka pamasamba unayikidwa, wokutidwa ndi wosanjikiza wa pine conifer. Mitengo yapamwamba itatsekedwa mwamphamvu ndi matabwa kapena slate.
Kanema: momwe mungaphalire mphesa nthawi yachisanu
Nyumba Yamasupe
Chapakatikati, pogona chimachotsedwa pomwe chisanu chisungunuka. Mpesa wosalala umakwezedwa pamiyala ndikumangidwa. Masamba a mphesa achichepere amaopa chisanu, motero ndikomveka kuyika waya wam'munsi wa trellis pansi pamtunda kuti athe kuponyera kanema pazipatso zomangidwa kale zikavuta chisanu. Kusiyira tchire lopanda kanthu sikofunikira - mutadzuka masamba, mphukira zimakula mwachangu, zimasakanikirana pakati pawo ndikusiyika pakulimbikitsa.
Ndemanga
Ine sindine wokonda kwambiri mphesa zakuda, sindimakonda ma toni a ma plamu pomakoma, ndipo Chosangalatsa ndichakuti mdima umakonda kukhala zoyera. Kuphatikiza apo, masango amakhala okongoletsedwa, sindinawonepo wina akuwonetsa nandolo kapena gulu lokhumudwitsa pa Zosangalatsa. Mphesa zabwino.
konctantin//lozavrn.ru/index.php?topic=263.0
Ndinakondwera ndi kusangalala, kuyeza, mabulashi akuluakulu, sindinawone ma goros, zilinso zilonda. Matalala anali nthawi yozizira mpaka-35 digiri (pogona pansi pa filimuyo).
Peter//vinforum.ru/index.php?topic=258.0
Timasangalatsa mungu pa "4", pali nandolo pang'ono. Pazonse, kusalaza kapena kuyamika sikofunika kwenikweni ...
Elena Petrovna//forum.vinograd.info/showthread.php?t=898&page=9
Chaka chachiwiri cha zipatso. Kusangalala kumakhala kokhazikika. Cholemba china - zipatso zopanda fumbi sizimakula, zimakhala zazing'ono komanso zobiriwira, kotero sizikhudza mtundu wa gulu, zimadulidwa mosavuta.
Ivanov Victor//forum.vinograd.info/showthread.php?t=898&page=9
Ndi chisamaliro chabwino, mphesa Zosangalatsa zimapereka zokolola zokhwima za zipatso zokongola kwambiri. Kusamalira bwino nyengo yachisanu kumakupatsani mwayi wokulira izi kumpoto zakumadzulo, ngakhale kuti nthawi yozizira imakhala yolimba. Ngati pazifukwa zina sizingatheke kapena kukhala ndi chidwi chogwira ntchito chaka chilichonse, muyenera kusankha mitundu ina yolimbana ndi chisanu.
