Popeza adawonekera koyamba pagulu, kukonza raspberries nthawi yomweyo kunakhala tanthauzo lenileni. Kwakanthawi, wamaluwa amangoiwala za mitundu "yapamwamba". Koma zomwe zidachitika pakukula kwake zidawonetsa mwachangu kuti rasipiberi izi sizabadwa mwa zabwino zokha. Ndipo zokolola zochulukirapo ndizotheka ndiukadaulo waluso chabe, chifukwa mitundu yokonzanso ndiyofunika kwambiri chisamaliro kuposa wamba. Chifukwa chake, muyenera kudziwa bwino za nuances onse patsogolo komanso onetsetsani kuti mwasankha zosiyanasiyana moyenera, osapatsidwa kukula ndi kukoma kwa zipatsozo.
Kodi rasipiberi amawoneka bwanji?
Wobadwa mwa mitundu ina ya rasipiberi, katundu wa chikhululukiro amatanthauza kuthekera kopanga zipatso kwakanthawi yayitali. Mitundu wamba imapereka zipatso m'milungu iwiri yokha, ndipo kukonza mitundu imabala zipatso kuyambira masiku oyamba a Ogasiti mpaka kutentha kumatsika pansipa 0zaC. Ngati kudulira kwakukulu sikukwaniritsidwa, mbewu ziwiri zingathe kukolola zonse pamodzi. Mwina izi ndichifukwa choti zipatsozo sizomangika pa mphukira zokha, komanso pazaka. Mwakuchita izi, nthawi zambiri zimadziwika kuti zipatso zoyambirira za chilimwe sizimakoma kwenikweni komanso zowuma, ndipo chomera chachiwiri mu nyengo yotentha komanso yolimba kwambiri ilibe nthawi yakucha chisanu chisanayambe.
M'malo abwino, kukonza ma raspon kumabweretsa zokolola ziwiri, koma nthawi zambiri wamaluwa amapereka kaye, ndipo pali zifukwa zoyenera
Kanema: Kututa kamodzi kapena kawiri kakang'ono ka raspberries
Ku Russia, wamaluwa adakumana ndi raspberries wa remont posachedwa, zaka 20-30 zapitazo. Koma ku Europe ndi USA, mitundu yokhala ndi zofananira yakhala ikudziwika kwazopitilira zaka mazana awiri. Botanists anazindikira kuti kumapeto kwa chilimwe maluwa amatulutsa maluwa osiyanasiyana. Mitundu yotere inabwera kumwera kwa Russia. Wodzigulitsa wotchuka kwambiri I.V. Michurin adapanga ngakhale Progress yosiyanasiyana. Atalimidwa pamalo abwino nyengo, adabweretsa mbewu yaying'ono pam nthambi za chaka chino mchaka choyamba cha Seputembala.
Ntchito yayikulu pakukulitsa kukonza mitundu ya rasipiberi ku USSR idayamba posachedwa, mu 70s ya zaka twente. Pulofesa I.V. Kazakov adathandizira kwambiri. Kusankhidwa kunachitika makamaka m'chigawo cha Bryansk. Kupambana koyamba kunali kalasi yachilimwe ya India. Pakadali pano, si mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya raspulosi wofiira (wamba) yokha yomwe imawoloka. Kutsindika kuli pa interspecific hybridization yophatikiza raspberries wakuda, onunkhira, hawthorn, wodabwitsa, wakuda ndi wamfumu.
Raspberry Babye chilimwe - kalasi yoyamba kukonza yomwe idapangidwa ku USSR
Mitundu yamakono ndi yodzala, imadziwika ndi mapangidwe a mazira azipatso kutalika konse, osati pamtunda wa mphukira zokha. Ambiri amakhulupirira kuti kulawa ndi kununkhira kwa zipatso zazikulu (zolemera 3-6 g) kumakhala kokwanira, koma awa ndi lingaliro lokha. Zochulukitsa mkati mwanyengo zimatha kufika 5-6 kg pa chitsamba chilichonse. Komabe, ndikofunikira kupatsa mbewuzo kutentha ndi kuwalako komwe zimafunikira, kuwabzala m'nthaka yachonde, kumadyetsa pafupipafupi ndi madzi molingana ndi kufunikira kwa chitsamba.
Mabasi okonza rasipiberi amamangidwa ndi zipatso, zimawoneka zochititsa chidwi kwambiri
Kanema: Maonekedwe a raspberries a remont ndi kusiyana kwake kuchokera pamitundu wamba
Mitundu yabwino kwambiri
Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mabulosi okonzera omwe amapangidwa ndi obereketsa am'nyumba ndi akunja amaperekedwa kuzipatala ndi malo ogulitsira apadera mosiyanasiyana. Koma pogula, muyenera kudziwa nthawi yomweyo kuti njira yabwino kwambiri imawonekera kumadzulo kwa Urals. M'madera okhala kwambiri nyengo zam'mayiko, mitundu yamtunduwu ili ndi zabwino zochepa kuposa wamba. Mokulira, mwina, mutha kudziwa kupezeka ndi kukoma kwa zipatso, kusowa kwa chisokonezo ndikupanga tchire, kukana chisanu kwambiri ndi chitetezo chokwanira.
Apurikoti
Registry ya boma ndikulimbikitsidwa kuti ikalimbe ku Central dera. Chitsamba sichiri champhamvu makamaka, chofalikira pang'ono. Nthambi ndizobowoka pang'ono. Zomwe zimapangidwira ndizokhazikika pamunsi chachitatu cha mphukira.
Masipuni Apurikoti ali bwino ma tchire
Kulemera kwakukulu kwa mabulosi kumakhala pafupifupi g g. 3. zamkati ndiwofewa, wokoma, ndi wowopsa pang'ono pang'onopang'ono. Fungo lake ndi lofatsa. Kukomerako kunapeza kuyerekezera kwa 4,5 mfundo (zotheka kupitirira zisanu). Kucha zipatso kumayamba pambuyo pa Ogasiti 15th. Pezani pafupifupi 3 kg kuchokera ku thengo.
Indian chilimwe 2
Mtundu wa "kukonzedwa ndikuwonjezera" ku chilimwe ku India ndiye koyamba kukonza rasipiberi ku USSR. "Makolo" amaposa chitetezo chokwanira, chopanda zipatso komanso zonunkhira bwino. Registry ya boma ndikulimbikitsidwa kuti ikalimbe ku Central dera. Tchire limakula mpaka 1.5 m, ndilamphamvu kwambiri, limafalikira pakati. Mphukira zake ndi zowongoka, zokhala ndi ma spikes akuthwa kuyambira pamwamba mpaka pansi. Mizu yake simazizira ngakhale nyengo yachisanu komanso matalala.
Rasipiboni Babye Chilimwe 2 chimakhala chamtengo chifukwa chazitsulo kwambiri
Kulemera kwakukulu kwa mabulosiwo ndi 3.6 g, kutalika ndi 2-2.5 masentimita. Zamkati ndiwofatsa komanso onunkhira, okoma komanso wowawasa, pang'ono pang'ono. Kukoma kwake sikumakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi nyengo nthawi yachilimwe. Ngakhale kugwa mvula yambiri, sipamakhala madzi. Mbewuzo ndizochepa, pafupifupi sizinamveke. Kuwunika kwa kukoma - mfundo 4. Kututa kumayambira mchaka chachiwiri cha Ogasiti. Chomera chilichonse chachikulire chimabweretsa zipatso zosachepera 3 makilogalamu.
Ma Hercules
Imodzi mwamasamba okondedwa kwambiri pakati pa alimi ku Russia ndi mayiko omwe kale anali Soviet ndi kukonza mitundu. Samakulitsa kuti anthu azigwiritsa ntchito, komanso wowonda. Adalimbikitsidwira pamtunda wapakati. Tikakulitsa nyengo yotentha ndi zoperewera, kuchuluka kwa mbewuyo kumatsika kwambiri, zipatsozo zimakhala zopanda pake. Tchire limakula mpaka 1.5-2 m, likufalikira pang'ono. Mfuti ndi zowongoka, zamphamvu. Ma spikitini osasunthika otalika amakutira kuyambira pamwamba mpaka pansi. Osati zoyipa, mosiyana ndi mitundu yambiri yokonza, imakhala ndi vuto lonyowa, komanso mvula yambiri.
Rapiberi Hercules bwino kuposa mitundu yambiri yokonzanso imagwiritsa ntchito kuchepa komanso chinyezi chowonjezera
Zipatso zake ndizazikulu kwambiri (pafupifupi 6.8 g, zitsanzo za munthu - 10-12 g iliyonse). Chotsani pafupifupi 4.5 kg kuchokera kuchitsamba. Guwa limakhala lotalika pang'ono, lonunkhira, lokoma ndi lotsitsimula. Omalizirawa ali ndi mndandanda wa mfundo zinayi. Koma zokumana nazo zamaluwa zikuwonetsa kuti zimakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi nyengo komanso mtundu wa gawo lapansi. Zipatso zimapezeka makamaka kumtunda kwa mphukira, koma ndizakutidwa ndi masamba. Izi zimateteza mbewu ku mbalame.
Ngati chisanachitike koyamba zipatso za rasipiberi Hercules alibe nthawi yakucha, nthambi zokhala ndi zipatso zimadulidwa ndikuyika madzi. Amaliza kunyumba.
Eurasia
Ilibe malamulo oletsa gawo laulimi. Tchire limakhala lotalika 1.5-1.6 m, shtambovy (monga mtengo wawung'ono). Mfuti ndi zowongoka, zamphamvu. Minga imaphimba theka la nthambi, koma pamwamba pake palinso zambiri. Imalekerera chilala bwino, koma osati kutentha. Poyerekeza ndi mitundu ina yokonza, nthawi zambiri imagwidwa ndi matenda ndi tizilombo toononga.
Rasipiberi Eurasia poyerekeza ndi mitundu ina yomwe ikukonza imakhala ndi chitetezo chokwanira kwambiri
Kulemera kwa mabulosi kumakhala pafupifupi 3.6-4.6 g. Zamkati ndi ochepa kachulukidwe, kwathunthu popanda fungo, kukoma kwake si koyipa, kokoma komanso wowawasa. Ma drupes pawokha amamangiriridwa. Kulawa mphambu - 3,9 mfundo. Zipatso ndizoyenera kuyenda maulendo ataliatali komanso kukonzekera makina. Yokolola, yomwe siimakonda kukhala ngati raspberries, ipsa en masse. Zomwe zimatulutsidwa zimachitika kuyambira zaka khumi zapitazi mu Ogasiti mpaka pa 15 September. Chotsani pafupifupi 2,5 makilogalamu pachitsamba.
Domes chagolide
Imaphatikizidwa ku State Record kwa Central Region. Kugonjetsedwa ndi chisanu mpaka -22 ° С. Tchire limakula kufika pa 1.3-1,5 m, mwachangu limapanga masamba oyambira ndi mphukira zothandizira. Chomera chikufalikira pakati, mphukira ndi pang'ono tambala. Zina zowonda osati zolimba makamaka sizikhala nthawi zambiri, koma kutalika konse kwa nthambi.
Rasipiberi Golide amayamba mwachangu amapanga choyambira
Mu raspberries wakucha, khungu limakhala lachikaso wagolide, wophatikiza - apricot-lalanje. Kulemera kwakukulu ndi 3.8 g. Zamkati ndiwofewa kwambiri, lokoma, komanso wowonda pang'ono. Poyerekeza ndi mitundu ina yokonza, ili ndi pafupifupi theka la Vitamini C. Chomera chachikulu chimabweretsa zipatso 2 kapena zipatso.
Monga rasipiberi wachikasu aliwonse, Golden Domes imadziwika ndi misempha yayikulu ya lycopene ndi beta-carotene. Komabe zipatso zoterezi sizingayambitse chifuwa. Amatha kuphatikizidwa muzakudya ngakhale kwa ana aang'ono ndi amayi apakati.
Polka
Monga momwe dzinalo limanenera, mitundu yosiyanasiyana imayilidwa ku Poland. Anatchuka msanga osati kwawo, koma ku Europe konse, kumene kuli mitundu yotchuka kwambiri pamakampani. Amawonedwa ngati muyezo wakoma. Kutalika kwa chitsamba kufalikira ndi 1.5-1.8 m.
Amadziwika ndi kuzizira kwambiri kwa mbewuyo yomwe. Kubala kumapitilirabe ngakhale kutentha kutatsikira mpaka 2 ° C. Koma mizu yozizira imafunikira pogona. Mwambiri, iyi ndi malo ofooka a chitsamba, omwe amakonzedweranso khansa ya bakiteriya, zowola mizu. Palibe konse minga. Simalola kutentha kupitirira 35 ° C ndi kuwunika mwachindunji.
Rasipiberi Polka amayamikiridwa chifukwa cha kupezeka kwake komanso zipatso zabwino kwambiri, koma kuthekera kokukulira mitunduyi ku Russia kumachepetsedwa ndi chisanu
Zipatso ndizowoneka bwino, zolemera pafupifupi 4.5 g.Zikuphatikizidwa m'mibulu ya zidutswa za 6-8, zosiyanitsidwa mosavuta ndi tsinde, kucha, sizikugwa pachitsamba. Drupe yaying'ono, wolimba kwambiri. Guwa ndi wandiweyani, koma wowutsa mudyo. Kukomerako kudavotera mpaka pamlingo. Kupanga - mpaka 4.5 makilogalamu pachitsamba chilichonse. Ku Russia, zipatso zoyambirira zimapsa pamphepete mwa Julayi ndi August, zichotseni mpaka Okutobala. Zipatso zimalekerera mayendedwe ndi kuzizira bwino.
Daimondi
Chimagwira bwino kwambiri m'chigawo cha Central. Tchire limakhala lalikulu kakulidwe, koma limamera. Kutalika kwake sikapitirira 1.5 m. Mphukira yozungulira imapangidwa pang'ono. Nthambi nthawi zambiri zimapinda pansi pa kulemera kwa mbewuyo; trellis kapena thandizo lina likufunika. Spikes ndi ochepa, omwe amakhala m'munsi mwa mphukira. Imalekerera kutentha bwino, chilala - choipitsitsa. Mukabzalidwa mumthunzi, zipatso zimachepa kwambiri.
Kututa kwa rasipiberi Kukongola kumatengera kuchuluka kwa dzuwa ndi kutentha tchire zomwe zalandilidwa
Kulemera kwakukulu kwa chipatso ndi 4.1 g. Mbeu ndi zokulirapo. Guwa ndiwofewa, okoma, wokhala ndi acidity pang'ono. Pafupifupi palibe fungo. Kukomeraku kudavotera 4 point. Zipatso ndizoyenera kuyenda. Zokolola zapakatikati ndi 2,5 makilogalamu pachitsamba chilichonse
Penguin
Zipatso mu imodzi mwoyamba mwa mitundu yokonza. Kulembetsera boma sikunakhazikitse ziletso pamadera olimapo. Chitsamba chimakula mpaka 1.2-1,5 m, chokhazikika. Minga imakhala yofewa, yopindika pang'ono, kuphimba nthambi zonse kutalika kwake. Silola chilala komanso kutentha. Samakonda chisanu - ngati simudula mphukira yozizira, amaundana pamwamba pa chipale chofewa.
Kukoma kowawasa kwa penguin rasipiberi ndi chifukwa cha mavitamini C ambiri.
Zipatso zolemera 4.2-6.5 g. Vitamini C wambiri amangokhalira kuwononga - 62 mg pa 100 g. The zamkati ndizopanda kachulukidwe, kowonekeratu wowawasa, wopanda fungo. Kukomeraku kudavoteledwa pa 3,7 point. Koma zimayenda bwino kwambiri mukamalimidwa munthawi yoyenera komanso mwaukadaulo waluso waulimi. Kupanga - mpaka 3.5 makilogalamu pachitsamba chilichonse.
Mabasi a rasipiberi Penguin nthawi zambiri amakula osati kungopanga zipatso. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri popanga kukongoletsa - amakhala oyera, osakulira pang'ono, osakanikira. Masamba obiriwira amasiyanitsidwa bwino ndi zipatso zowala.
Khosi la Ruby
Amaloledwa kulima m'magawo aliwonse a Russian Federation. Tchire silimamera kwambiri, limafikira 1.5 m kutalika. Nthambi ndizobowoka pang'ono. Spikes sikhala nthawi zambiri, matalala amawoneka kutalika konse. Sakonda kutentha ndi chilala. Kuthana ndi chisanu mpaka -25 ° С.
Rasipiberi Ruby pakhosi salola kutentha kwa chilimwe ndi chilala, chisanu yozizira sikhala bwino kwenikweni
Kulemera kwakukulu kwa mabulosi ndi 4,2-5.6 g, masakanizo payekha mpaka 8 g. The zamkati ndiwofatsa, onunkhira, okoma, wokhala ndi wowawasa. Kukoma kumawerengeredwa pa 3,8 point. Zochulukitsa - 2,5 makilogalamu pachitsamba chilichonse kapena kupitirira apo.
Kubzala raspberries wokhalitsa ndi njira zokonzekera
Kukonza raspberries ndizofunikira kwambiri pakukula. Chifukwa chake, malo ake amasankhidwa kuti tchire limalandiliradi kutentha kokwanira ndi dzuwa. Tiyenera kudziwa kuti mitundu ina sigwirizana ndi dzuwa - zipatsozo "zimaphikidwa". Malowa ayenera kutetezedwa ku mphepo - kuzizira ndi kusodza kusokoneza kucha. Mwachitsanzo, mutha kubzala ma raspberries kukhoma, mpanda, kapena kupanga "mapiko" kuchokera kuzomera zazitali (chimanga, mpendadzuwa).
Pakulima raspberries onunkhira, malo osankhidwa ndi dzuwa amasankhidwa.
Mulingo woyambira wa dothi la remont raspberries samangokhala nawo. Mukamakonza mabedi, ufa wa dolomite, zipolopolo za mazira ophwanyidwa kuti azisungunuka ndikuwonjezeredwa ku nthaka yachonde, ndipo zinyenyeswazi za peat ndi singano zimawonjezeredwa munthaka yamchere. Gawo laling'ono ndilopepuka komanso lotayirira, koma nthawi yomweyo limapatsa thanzi. Njira yabwino kwambiri ndi dothi la chernozem kapena dothi lofiirira. Zofooka ngati gawo lapansi zitha kupangika pang'ono ndikuwonjezera dongo momwe amapangira dothi lamchenga, ndi mchenga mu dongo komanso dothi la peat.
Dolomite ufa - deoxidizer wachilengedwe wachilengedwe yemwe alibe zotsatira zoyipa akamawonedwa
Zotsogola zabwino kwambiri za remont raspberries aliwonse siderates (tsamba mpiru, phacelia, vetch, lupine). Kenako, osachepera miyezi 1.5 musanabzale, amadyera amathanso kudulidwa ndikumilizidwa m'nthaka, uwu ndi feteleza wachilengedwe wa nayitrogeni. Sakugwirizana ndi chikhalidwe cha dimba, pomwe mbatata, phwetekere, tsabola belu, sitiroberi zam'munda zidakula - zimachepetsa dothi. Rasipiberi amasamutsidwa kumalo atsopano kamodzi pa zaka 12-15.
Zomera za Siderat, kuphatikiza tsamba la mpiru, zimasintha bwino nthaka, zimadzaza ndi nayitrogeni
Konzani rasipiberi mumakonda chinyezi, koma osalekerera kuzimiririka kwa mizu. Ngati m'dera momwe amakonzera bedi lakonzekera, madzi apansi akuyandikira pansi pafupi ndi mita, muyenera kuyang'ana malo ena kapena kumanga chitunda ndi kutalika kwa theka la mita kapena kupitilira apo.
Ubwino wa mmera ndiye chinsinsi cha kukolola zochuluka mtsogolo. Zomera zathanzi zimakhala ndi mizu yopukutira yopanga ndi kutalika kwa 20 cm ndi mphukira waukulu wokhala ndi makulidwe osachepera 5 mm. Msinkhu - 20-25 cm, osatinso. Zonena kuti zabzala kwambiri ndipo sizimatha kuzika mizu m'malo atsopano. Matabwa omwe ali pansi pa khungwa ndi obiriwira. Cholinga chokana kugula ndi kukhalapo kwa thunthu la impso zosakwana ziwiri, zophukika zokayikitsa pamizu (iyi ikhoza kukhala khansa ya mabakiteriya), khungwa losasangalatsa, mawanga.
Wopeza mbande za raspulosi kuti ayang'anitsitse, ngati pali kukaikira zamtundu uliwonse, ndibwino kukana kugula
Zomera zimabzalidwe kumapeto kwa kasupe komanso nthawi yophukira, koma nthawi yabwino kwambiri imawonetsedwa kuti ndi omaliza a September kapena koyambirira kwa Okutobala. Ndiye zipatso zoyamba kucha zitha kulawa chilimwe chotsatira. M'madera okhala ndi nyengo yocheperako, njirayi imachedwetsedwa mpaka masiku omaliza a Okutobala.
Mabasi mumitundu yambiri amakhala yaying'ono, osati yophukira, mphukira zoyambira zimapangidwa mosakakamira. Chifukwa chake, mukakhala pakati pawo kusiya 0,7-0.8 m ndi mzere kutalikirana kwa mita. Chifukwa chake, ngati pali mbande zoposa imodzi, kukumba kabowo palokha sikungatheke. Kukonzanso rasipiberi obzalidwa m'maenje, kukhalabe zofunika. Palinso njira zina - zotchedwa chotchinga, (kuyika mbande m'magulu a zidutswa za 2-3 ndikuyanika ndi 0,5-0.7 m) ndi pembetero (zitsamba zimayikidwa pamwamba pake, m'litali mwake - 0.4-0.5 m).
Ndi kubzala munthawi yomweyo kwa tchire tambiri tosiyanasiyana, ndikosavuta kukumba ngalande imodzi imodzi
Muyenera kukumba ngalande masabata 3-4 musanatsike kapena ngakhale kugwa, ngati mukukonzekera njira yophukira. Kuzama kwake ndi masentimita 40-45. Pa mita iliyonse yothamanga, 10-12 l ya humus kapena kompositi yophatikizika, 150-180 g wamba superphosphate ndi 100-120 g ya potaziyamu sulfate imawonjezeredwa. Kapena m'malo mwa mavalidwe amaminolo amunthu ndi chinthu chovuta chomwe phosphorous ndi potaziyamu ali nazo zochulukirapo kawiri kuposa nayitrogeni (150 g). Ndipo kwa okonda ulimi wachilengedwe, phulusa la nkhuni (zophika 3-3,5) ndiloyenera.
Humus - njira yachilengedwe yowonjezera chonde m'nthaka
Kubzala mwachangu rasipiberi pamalo okhazikika kulibe kusiyana kwakukulu pazochitika zofananira zina. Kuti zipite kukhala zosavuta kuti mbande izitha kuzolowera malo atsopano, pafupi tsiku loti dzala kubzala, mizu imanyowa mu yankho la biostimulant iliyonse. Mankhwala onse omwe anagulidwa (Epin, Kornevin, potaziyamu humate) ndi wowerengeka azitsamba (madzi a uchi, madzi a aloe, succinic acid) ndi abwino. Pogwiritsa ntchito njirayi, ndikofunikira kuwunika momwe khosi la mizu - siliyenera kuyikidwa pansi kwambiri, pokhapokha ndi mchenga. Ikabzidwa bwino, imakhala mainchesi angapo pamwamba padziko lapansi. Mutabzala, mbande zimathiridwa madzi ambiri ndikugona m'dera loyambira la mulch. Zithandizanso kusunga chinyezi m'nthaka komanso kupulumutsa nthawi yolima dimba.
Palibe chovuta pokubzala mbande za rasipiberi wokhalamo m'malo okhazikika, ngakhale woyambitsa wamaluwa angalimbane ndi ntchitoyi
Kufalitsa kwachikhalidwe
Mitundu yambiri yamasamba abwinowa amasirira kwambiri mphukira zoyambira. Kumbali imodzi, iyi ndi kuphatikiza, chifukwa tchire siliku "kuwira" pamalopo. Koma izi zimasokoneza kwambiri njira yakulera. Chifukwa chake, nthawi zambiri gwiritsani ntchito lichepe yodula.
Kukolola zakuthengo. Masamba akagwa, mphukira zapachaka zokhala ndi makulidwe osachepera 2-3 mm amaduladulidwa mainchesi 20-25 cm. Zitha kubzalidwa nthawi yomweyo kapena kuloledwa kuzizira muchipinda chapansi kapena cellar.
Mbali yoyamba, zodulidwazo zimabzalidwa mozungulira mu humus kapena zowunda kuti zikhale zosaposa masentimita 10. Kubzala m'minda yambiri kumathiridwa madzi, kumangiriza ndi zinthu zopumira (spunbond, lutrasil) ndikuphimbidwa ndi peat crumb (osachepera 8-12 cm). Pambuyo pa chipale chofewa choyamba, bedi limakutilanso ndi chisanu.
Kukulika magawo pa rasipiberi kudula mu njira ya biostimulator iliyonse imathandizira njira ya mizu mapangidwe
Njira yachiwiri - "ikamatera" raspberries m'nyengo yozizira muli. Zidutsazo zimakutidwa ndi pepala kapena nsalu yofewa, zimayikidwa mumiphika kapena mabokosi a voliyumu yoyenera ndikuphimbidwa ndi peat kapena mchenga. Kumayambiriro kasupe, amasamutsidwa kunyumba, magawo amasinthidwa ndikuyika chidebe chamadzi, ndikuwonjezera biostimulant. Chophimba chapamwamba ndi thumba la pulasitiki. Madzi amasinthidwa tsiku ndi tsiku. Mizu imamera kwinakwake mwezi umodzi, patatha milungu ina 3-4 mbewuzo zibzalidwe pomwepo pamalo osatha kapena wowonjezera kutentha, wowonjezera kutentha. Potsirizira pake, amasamutsidwira panja mkati mwa Seputembara.
Amagwiritsa ntchito mabulosi obiriwira pofalitsa makamaka zosowa ndi / kapena mitundu yamtengo wapatali ya raspberries. Kudula kubzala kumapeto kwa kumapeto kwa chilimwe kapena kumayambiriro kwa chilimwe - kudula koteroko kumalandira michere yambiri. Ayenera kukhala ndi ma shiti 2-3, kutalika sikoposa 10-15 cm.
Kubwezeretsanso raspberries ndi makadula kumakupatsani mwayi wokhala ndi mawonekedwe osiyanasiyana
Zigawo zotsika kwa maola 16-18 zimayikidwa mu yankho la indolylbutyric acid kapena heteroauxin. Kenako zodulidwazo pakadutsa 45 ° pang'onopang'ono mpaka masentimita 10-15 zimabzalidwa mu wowonjezera kutentha osakaniza dothi wamba, peat ndi mchenga (2: 1: 1). Chinyezi chamkati chimasungidwa osachepera 80% ndi kutentha kwa osachepera 22 ° C. Madzi nthawi zambiri, pomwe pamwamba pamawuma. Poyera pansi anasamutsidwa mu kugwa.
Monga momwe machitidwe akusonyezera, tchire la remont raspberries pa zaka 4-5 zimapereka mphukira kwambiri. "Ana "wo akangokulira mpaka masentimita 7 mpaka 7, atakumba, mizu imasiyanitsidwa mosamala ndi chomera cha mayi ndi mpeni wakuthwa-kachilombo ndikusunthidwa kumalo atsopano. Masabata awiri oyambilira atabzala, tchire limafunikira kuthirira tsiku ndi tsiku. Kuti muteteze kuchokera ku dzuwa lowongolerapo, denga lachifumu lazinthu zilizonse zoyera limamangidwa pamwamba pawo.
Mitundu yambiri ya rasipiberi samakonda kuzika mizu, koma pali zina.
Mutha kugwiritsa ntchito kubala ndi zidutswa za mizu 10-12 masentimita ndi 2-3 mm. M'dzinja amabzalidwa mpaka akufika masentimita 6-8. Mfuti zimawonekera kumapeto kwa kasupe, mbande zimasinthidwa kukhala malo osatha mu September. Njira ina ndikumawaphukira kunyumba.
Mukakulitsa zitsamba zatsopano zokonza kuchokera ku mizu kunyumba, mphukira zimawonekera pafupifupi mwezi
Kanema: njira za kuswana raspberries
Kusamalira mbewu
Kupeza kuchuluka kwa zipatso za rasipiberi za mitundu yosinthika yomwe alengezedwawa ndichowona ndi ukadaulo waluso waulimi. Wosamalira mundawo amatenga nthawi yambiri ndi mphamvu zake kuposa kusamalira zikhalidwe wamba.
Kukonzanso rasipiberi ndi chikhalidwe chokonda chinyezi. Mundawo umathiriridwa kamodzi kamodzi pa sabata, pamawonekedwe - masiku awiri aliwonse kapena tsiku lililonse. Ambiri mwa tchire amafunika chinyontho pa nthawi yopanga masamba obiriwira, nthawi yomweyo asanatsegulidwe kwa masamba ndi nthawi yakucha zipatso. Mu nthawi yophukira, ikakhala yotentha komanso yopanda mpweya, ndikofunikira kuthirira kuthirira madzi. Zimathandizira kuti mizu yake ikhale yozizira popanda kudzipweteka.
Nthaka iyenera kudzaza ndi chinyezi mpaka akuya pafupifupi 35-40 cm (pafupifupi 20 l / m²). Njira yabwino kwambiri ndi kuthirira. Ngati mungathe kupanga makina otere kulibe luso, madzi m'mizere yayitali mumipata. Kutsanulira madzi pansi pa mizu sikofunikira - amapezeka pafupi ndi madzi, kotero amatha kuwonekera, kuwuma. Madzi amayenera kutenthetsedwa ndi kutentha 22-25 ° C.
Kuthirira madontho ndi njira ya machubu osasunthika ndi mauna osinthika olumikizidwa ku thanki yamadzi yomwe ili pamtunda wa 1.5-2 m pamwamba pamtunda, yomwe imakupatsani "adilesi" yotumiza madzi kumalo oyambira a mbewu osavunda dothi. Ndipo ngati mutakhazikitsa pampu yapaderadera ndi timer, njirayi imatha popanda wochita nawo dimba. Madzi amathandizidwa ngati madontho osiyana kapena mitsinje yopyapyala. Zimatengera ngati omwe akutsitsa kapena osasa mafayilo adayikidwa.
Njirayi ndi yoyenera kwambiri pokonza ma raspberries a hygrophilous, chifukwa si aliyense ali ndi mwayi wokhala pachilichonse pamunda. Kuphatikiza pazopanda phindu zomwe mbewu sizinasankhe, kachitidwe kameneka kamakupatsani mwayi wopulumutsa nthawi, mphamvu ndi madzi (40-70%). Zikhala nthawi yayitali kwambiri, kupanikizidwa m'mapaipi sikukhudza kugwira ntchito kwake, ngakhale kufooka kochepa kokwanira. Komanso, kutsitsimuka kwa malowa kulibe kanthu. Kupezeka kwa malo otsetsereka, magetsi, ndi zina zotero sikulepheretsa bungwe la kuthirira.
Madzi oyenda ndendende mpaka muzu wa rasipiberi tchire amathandizira kuti mizu yake ipangidwe bwino, mizu yowunda kwambiri imapangidwa. Izi zimathandizanso kupeza michere m'nthaka. Madzi oyenda kudzera m'mapaipi amakhala ndi nthawi yoti atenthe mpaka kutentha kwambiri. Kuzizira kwambiri nthawi zambiri kumayambitsa kukula kwa muzu mu zowola. Madontho sagwera masamba, kotero kuthirira kungachitike nthawi iliyonse. Chifukwa chake, mutavala zovala zapamwamba, zakudya sizimatsukidwa. Ndipo akamakula rasipiberi pamalo otentha dzuwa, amatha kusewera magalasi omwe amayambitsa kuyaka. Madontho omwewo nthawi zambiri amathandizira kukulitsa matenda a fungus. Kusatetezedwa kwa mitundu yambiri yamasamba abwinobwino kwambiri ndi kwabwino, koma sikuyenera kuwopsa.
Zomwe alimi amalima zikuwonetsa kuti mukamagwiritsa ntchito dongosololi, zokolola zam'munda, kuphatikizapo raspberries, zimachulukirapo ndi 20-40% poyerekeza kukonkha kapena kuthirira kwachimwemwe kuchokera kuthirira, kuthilira m'madambo ndi kanjira. Ndipo malo ochepa a chonyowa kumalepheretsa udzu kukula.
Kuthirira madzi ndi njira yabwino kwambiri yokonzera rasipoberi kuti inyowetse gawo lapansi
Kukhala wakhama kwambiri ndi kuthirira sikulinso koyenera. Mitundu yambiri yokonza simalola chilala kukhala yabwino, koma kuthina kwamadzi komwe kumayambitsa mizu kumangowapha.
Kanema: DIY yotseka dongosolo
Kucha zipatso zambiri zazikulu kumafunikira michere yambiri. Ngati chilichonse chofunikira chidaonjezedwa pansi nthawi yobzala, ndizokwanira zaka ziwiri. Kuvala kwapamwamba kumayambiridwanso mchaka chachitatu mutasinthira mmera kumunda.
Kukonza rasipiberi kumayankha bwino ku feteleza wachilengedwe. Dothi likagundika mokwanira, dothi lomwe lili pabedi limamasulidwa mosavuta, pomwe nthawi imodzimodzi, limakwirira humus kapena kompositi (5-7 l pamtunda wa mita). Pakatha pafupifupi milungu iwiri, kumasula kumabwerezedwa, tsopano kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza wina aliyense wazinthu za nayitrogeni (12-15 g / m²).
Pa nthawi yolima yogwira, raspulosi wam'madzi amakhala ndi umuna mwezi uliwonse ndi kulowetsedwa kwa masamba a nettle kapena masamba a dandelion, ndowe za nkhuku, manyowa a ng'ombe. Kuchuluka kwa zinthu zogulitsa mpaka 5 l / m². Zimatengera zaka zamtchire. Kucha zipatso kumafunika potaziyamu ndi phosphorous. Chifukwa chake, kuyambira pakati pa Julayi, supuni ya potaziyamu sulfate ndi superphosphate yawonjezeredwa kuvala kotereku.
Kulowetsedwa kwa nettle musanagwiritse ntchito kumasefedwa ndi kuchepetsedwa ndi madzi muyezo wa 1: 8, ndipo ngati malangizowo akanawonongeka, voliyumu yake imachulukitsidwa kawiri
Mutha kusinthanitsa mitundu yachilengedwe ndi feteleza wovuta wa mabulosi. Kenako kufunikira kowonjezera kotereku kumatha. Pamapeto pa kuphukira, phulusa la nkhuni limaphatikizidwa kumizu.
Ma feteleza ovuta a mabulosi ali ndi macro- onse ndi ma microelements ofunikira kuti mbewu zitheke
Kanema: maupangiri osamalira raspberries yokonza
Pankhani ykubzala, pali njira ziwiri. Njira yosavuta ndiyakuti kufupikitsa mphukira zonse mpaka zaka zitatu kapena zisanu “masamba”, koma kenako nyengo yotsatira mudzatsala osakolola koyamba. Ubwino wa njirayi sikuti amangokhala kuphweka, komanso kuti, palimodzi ndi mphukira zodulidwa, tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tomwe timayikidwa ndi mazira tizilombo. Kukonzekera raspberries mutadulira nyengo yachisanu, ndikokwanira kudzaza "hemp" ndi wosanjikiza wa mulch 10-15 cm.
Kwa wamaluwa ambiri, m'tchire mutadulira, raspulosi wamtunduwu amawoneka ngati izi
Njira ina ndikusiya 10-15 yamphamvu kwambiri komanso yotukuka kwambiri pa 1 m² wa mphukira za nyengo ino, kudula yotsala ndi mizu. Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti si mitundu yonse yomwe imakhala ndi kuzizira koyenera kudera linalake. Pomwe mizu nthawi zambiri popanda mavuto iloleza kuzizira kwa dothi mpaka -25-30 ° C. Ngati ndi kotheka, mphukira zosiyidwa zimakhazikika pansi ndikuzikika, zimayatsidwa ndi nthambi kapena masamba, zokutira ndi agril, lutrasil, ndi spanbond. Matalala akadzagwa, chipale chofewa chimamangidwa pamwamba pa kama. Chapakatikati, nthambi zachisanu zimadulidwa kukhala impso yamoyo, yomwe ili pamwamba pa zonse.
Wamaluwa ofuna kukolola raspulosi wokongola mu June, kuwonda kuthengo ndikudula nsonga za mphukira zamanzere
Kanema: njira zochepetsera chitsamba chosazirala
Matenda wamba ndi njira zowongolera
Mitundu yambiri yamakono ya raspberries amodzi amadziwika ndi kukana bwino kumatenda omwe ali ndi chikhalidwe. Amakhala ochepa kwambiri poyerekeza ndi mitundu yachilengedwe. Chifukwa chake, pofuna kuteteza raspberries, njira zosavuta zodzitetezera nthawi zambiri zimakhala zokwanira.
Mafangayi samakhala ndi moyo ndi mankhwala amkuwa. Chifukwa chake, ndi anthracnose, septoria, powdery mildew, dzimbiri, chibakuwa komanso ulcerative spotting, mitundu yonse ya zowola imalimbana ndi fungicides. Zitha kukhala zinthu zonse zakale zomwe zatsimikizira kugwira ntchito kwake (Bordeaux fluid, sulfate yamkuwa), ndi biofungicides aposachedwa (Strobi, Abiga-Peak, Bayleton, Fitosporin-M). Mabasi ndi dothi amathandizidwa pa masamba mu gawo la "green cone", atangotulutsa ndipo patatha masiku 12-15 mbewu zonse zitakolola.
Ngati mankhwala a Bordeaux atanyamula ndi mphukira kwa masabata angapo atengeka pang'ono, izi sizachilendo
Vuto lomwe limakhala ndi ma virus (chlorosis, masamba a curly, mycoplasmosis, dwarfism) ndi matenda a bacteria (muzu wa cancer) ndizovuta zina. Njira zochizira matendawa sizinapangidwebe. Mwambiri, sangaphe tchire la rasipiberi, koma zokolola, monga zipatsozo, zimagwera kwambiri. Kupewa kwabwino kwambiri pankhaniyi ndi unamwino woyenerera. Zomera pomwe mphukira zambiri zimakhudzidwa ndi matendawa sizifunikira chisoni, zimadzulidwa ndikuwotchedwa kuti matenda asafalikire. Nthaka imagwiritsidwa ntchito pochotsa majeremusi ndikutulutsa kansalu kofiirira wa potaziyamu.
Mwa tizirombo, nsabwe za masamba, nyemba za ndulu, sitiroberi-rasipiberi, ntchentche rasipiberi, kafadala wa rasipiberi ndizowopsa kwambiri pakukonzekera rasipiberi. Ambiri aiwo salola fungo lamphamvu. Pafupi ndi dimba, ndikofunikira kubzala zonunkhira, maluwa okhala ndi fungo labwino (lavender, marigolds, calendula). Motsutsana ndi tizilombo touluka, tepi yoluka kuti tisange ntchentche kapena misampha yopanga tokha - zotengera zodzazidwa ndi madzi a shuga, uchi, kupanikizana, thandizani kwambiri. Nthaka yomwe ili m'mundamo imakonkhedwa ndi choko chophwanyika kapena phulusa. Ndipo mbewu zomwezo zimapopera mbewu masiku onse 12-15 ndi kulowetsedwa kwa anyezi kapena owombera adyo, nsonga za phwetekere, masamba a zipatso.
Marigolds m'munda siwokongola komanso wothandiza, fungo lawo labwino limasowetsa tizirombo tina tambiri
Nthawi zina pamene matenda sangathe kupewetsa, mankhwala wowerengeka amagwiritsidwa ntchito pofuna kuthana ndi tizirombo (phula la soda kapena phulusa la sodium, colloidal sulufu, mpiru, viniga kapena ammonia wothira madzi). Njira zingapo zochizira ndizokwanira pomwe vutoli likapezeka silinachedwe. Pakuwopseza anthu ambiri, tchire rasipiberi amathiridwa mankhwala atizilombo (Actellik, Komandor, Mospilan, Iskra-Bio, Admiral).
Ndemanga zamaluwa
Kukonza rasipiberi kumalimbikitsidwa kudula mu kugwa pansi, chaka chamawa raspiberi akupatsirani mphukira zomwe zingakusangalatseni ndi mbewu.
Hop-55//www.forumhouse.ru/threads/124983/
Ndinadulanso raspberries wanga wam'madzi mu kugwa. Osati pachiyambi pomwe mbewu zazikulu zili pa raspberries. Ndili mpaka pakati pa Okutobala rasipiberi zipse. Koma kumapeto kwa Okutobala, zipatso zikadalipo, koma acidic, wowawasa, ndidadula nthambi. Itha kudula masika. Palibe kusiyana kwakukulu. Kukonzanso kumatulutsa bwino monga nyengo ilola. Kusiya mu chisanu ndi zipatso, ngati sanadulidwe. Chaka chatha, mpaka pa Okutobala 15, adasonkhanabe. Kenako adadula. Akadakhala mdziko muno nthawi zonse, mwina pambuyo pake amadzadula.
Natalia Fedorovna//www.forumhouse.ru/threads/124983/
Ndili ndi tchire la rempant raspberries akadali achichepere, kotero ndimangotenga chokhacho chachiwiri. Chakumapeto kugwa ine ndinadula mpaka dothi. Kuyambira mphukira womwe udakula chaka chamawa, ndimapeza mbewu kumapeto kwa Ogasiti kapena Seputembala. Njirayi imapewa kuoneka ngati matenda ndi tizirombo. Ikakula ndikuuma, ndidzadula gawo ndikusiyapo gawo kuti ndipange zipatso zopitilira. Ngakhale ndinawerenga penapake kuti, ndikudula kwathunthu, ndimakwanitsanso kutola mbewu ziwiri. Pakati pa mizere ndili ndi 1 m, pakati pa tchire - 0,5 mamita .. Ngakhale pali malingaliro oyenera kubzala kawirikawiri: 1.5 m ndi 0.7 m, motsatana. Koma podziwa dothi langa, ndidabzala chonchi. Pakadali pano, ma tchire okha ndi omwe adakhazikika m'malo mwanga. Mtsogolomo, pomwe atsekedwa mzere, ndimakonzekera kulongedza ma kanjedza onse. Kupatula apo, rasipiberi amakonda chinyezi. Mwambiri, ndimakonda kukula raspberries kuposa zosavuta. Ngakhale zitsamba zazing'ono zimakutidwa ndi mbewu mpaka nthawi yophukira.
Sem//forum.vinograd.info/showthread.php?t=2455&page=2
Itha kupezeka kuchokera ku raspberries wam'mbuyo ndi mbewu ziwiri.KALENGEZA kukumbukira kuti mbewu zonse ziwiri izi zikhala zofanana ndi nthawi yophukira imodzi (ndikutulutsa chaka chimodzi), zoyeserera zina zidzawonjezedwa kuti zisunge mphukira zosiyidwa nthawi yozizira ndikuziteteza ku tizirombo ndi matenda akulu oyambilira chilimwe. Ndipo chilimwe (choyambirira) kukolola kwa raspberries wam'madzi kulawa kumakhalabe kotsika poyerekeza ndi raspberries wamba. Ngati izi sizikuvutitsani, ndiye kuti mutha kuyesa, ndipo moyo udawonetsa. Ma raspberries anga okhala kumbuyo amakula mchaka chimodzi chokha, kukolola kamodzi kokha (koyera kuyambira ka kachilomboka ndi matenda), makamaka kututa nyengo yachisanu.
Kolosovo//forum.vinograd.info/showthread.php?t=2455&page=2
Ndakulitsa mitundu ingapo ya kukonza ndi raspberries wamba. Kukonzanso rasipiberi kubala zipatso pa mphukira za chaka choyamba cha kukula ndikuyamba kubala zipatso pakati pa Ogasiti komanso chisanu chisanachitike. Kulawa ndikwabwino mu gawo loyambilira la zipatso, ndipo kumapeto kwake kukoma kumakhala konkirapo. Mulimonsemo, ndatero. Koma rasipiberi wamba amabala zipatso pa mphukira za chaka chachiwiri chokula ndipo pali nthawi zosiyana zakupsa. Ndimadula rasipiberi nthawi yachisanu ndikusiyira masentimita atatu pamtunda.Izi ndi zabwino chifukwa mumachotsanso tizirombo tonse tomwe timazigwiritsa ntchito nthawi yachisanu pa mphukira. Pazoyeserazo, ndinasiya gawo limodzi mwa mphukira za masamba a remont, ndikuwachepetsa mpaka 60 cm kwa chaka chamawa ndipo ndazindikira kuti anayamba kubala zipatso m'mbuyomu ndipo zipatso zake zinali zabwino kwambiri.
Gulu la Tomato//dacha.wcb.ru/index.php?showtopic=25061&st=100
Ndidadzilimira ndekha mabulosi abulu kuti ndizigulitsa. Pomwe tchire lidakula, mu kugwa ndidawadula mpaka muzu. Chaka chotsatira, mphukira zatsopano zidakula, zomwe zidayamba kubala zipatso mu Ogasiti. Anthu oyandikana nawo omwe sanadule rasipiberi onse adalandira mbewu panthambi za chaka chatha, koma ine ndimangoyimba. Chifukwa chake, ndikukhulupirira kuti kudulira kwa yophukira pansi pazu ndi lupanga lakuthwa konsekonse. Popewa matenda ndi tizilombo toononga, koma kutaya zokolola zoyambirira, zomwe zimatengedwa msika mosavuta.
Motrya//forum.fermeri.com.ua/viewtopic.php?f=23&p=89823
Chaka chatha, tinagula rasipiberi, ndipo nthawi yomweyo tinaikiratu ndi kuya kwakuya mita, ndipo imakula bwino. Ndipo akukhala ndi ine tsiku lonse dzuwa, ndingapeze kuti mthunzi wake m'munda wake, kaphokoso kapena kena kake, kuti ndipange?
Kationa82//fermernew.by/topic/431-sekrety-remontantnoi-maliny/
Zochita zanga, rasipiberi wokonza pansi pa mtengo wa apulo amawoneka bwino kwambiri kuposa dzuwa lowala. Ndimalongosola izi pazaka zowuma zomaliza, kunali kofunikira kuthilira madzi.
Elena//fermernew.by/topic/431-sekrety-remontantnoi-maliny/
Ndikukumbukira, ndikukumbukira momwe ndidakonzera ngalawa. Mkaziyo adatenga ubongo wonse ndi rasipiberi. Ine ndakumba ngalande, manyowa pamenepo - chabwino, ndikuganiza ndizo zonse. Koma ayi, ndinabwereranso kunkhalangoko kuti ndi chitsa chowola, amakhalanso pamphepete, masamba ambiri adagwa ndi zina zotero. Koma, moona, panali zipatso zambiri zazikulu komanso zazikulu. Ndipo nthawi yozizira adati ndimadula zonse 10 cm kuchokera pansi.
Agogo//fermernew.by/topic/431-sekrety-remontantnoi-maliny/
Pakati pa Russia, pofuna kuthamangitsa kuyambira kwa kukula kwa mphukira ndikupeza zokolola zambiri kumayambiriro kwa kasupe kuchokera ku mabanga a remont raspberries, mutha kuyang'ana chisanu ndikutaya filimu yakuda kapena zinthu zina zofunda panthaka. Pamalo otetezedwa ndi kuwala kwa dzuwa, nthaka imanyowa ndikusintha mwachangu, zomerazo zimayamba masabata 1-2 zisanachitike. Masabata awa mu kugwa adzapangitsa kuti zokolola zizikhala ndi zipatso mpaka 300-500 g pa mita imodzi. Ndimagwiritsa ntchito njirayi chaka ndi chaka, ndipo chifukwa cha izo, mabulosi ali kuthengo samawonekera kuyambira Ogasiti, koma kuyambira koyambirira kwa Julayi.
Kravsvetlana//www.pticevody.ru/t4507-topic
Amayang'aniridwa ndi chisamaliro choyenera komanso pamalo oyenera, raspberry wamtundu, amatulutsa zokolola zazikulu kuposa zina, zipatso kamodzi pachaka. Koma apa zambiri zimatengera wosamalira mundawo. Pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana yazikhalidwe yomwe obereketsa omwe adagulitsa kuti aliyense athe kupeza yomwe ingamuyenerere. Tekinoloje yaulimi imaphatikizapo kutsirira ndi feteleza, kuthetsa kufunikira kwa chitsamba.
