Maziko a mbeu yatsopano ya tomato imayikidwa kumayambiriro kwa kulima kwawo, ndikupanga mbewu yapadera yokonzekera. Alimi omwe ali ndi chidziwitso amayamba kubzala mbewu mu February, akupereka njira zawo zowonjezera kuti ziwonjezere kukula kwa matenda, ndipo potsirizira pake, kuti apeze zokolola zambiri. Tiyeni tione mwatsatanetsatane zomwe zingatheke kuti tomato akhwima akhalenso otha msinkhu, kuyambira ndi kumera kwa mbeu ndi kutha ndi kubzala kwawo.
Mphukira kapena musamere
Ambiri amaluwa amaluwa, asanayambe kukula tomato, akudabwa: chofunika kumera mbeu asanabzalidwe.
Kukonzekera bwino kwa mbande kudzaonetsetsa kukolola kwachonde, zipatso zokoma, komanso kuthetsa matenda omwe angathe. 
Pali zifukwa zingapo zomwe zingayambitse imfa ya zokololazo zisanagwiritsidwe ntchito:
- matenda pa mbeu;
- nthaka;
- kuwonjezereka kwa dothi ndi kupitirira muyeso ndi salt;
- chomera;
- chinyezi chokwanira;
- tizirombo toopsa.
Pofuna kupeŵa mavuto ngati amenewa, mbeu zimakonzekera bwino kwambiri, kuwapatsa chitetezo champhamvu kwambiri. Kumera kumachita mbali yofunikira pa izi.
Ndikofunikira! Ngati mumera bwino mbewuzo musanafese, zokololazo zikhoza kuwonjezeka mpaka 30 peresenti.
Ndipo izi sizowonjezereka, makamaka ngati zofesedwa mwachindunji pansi, pali ngozi yowononga tizilombo. Pankhaniyi, mbande zowera zimamera mofulumira kwambiri, ndipo tizilombo toyambitsa matenda sitikhala ndi nthawi yowononga zosavomerezeka. 
Chimene muyenera kudziwa potsata mbewu
Musanayambe kukonzekera mbeu yobzala, ayenera kusankha bwino. Pali mfundo zingapo zomwe muyenera kuziganizira pamene mukugula mbande:
- nyengo (nyengo ya phwetekere ikhoza kusiyana mu kulima m'madera ena);
- opanga (mitundu yoitanidwa silingathe kukhazikika mu nyengo yathu);
- moyo wa alumali;
- Chizindikiro cha F1 (chimatanthauza matenda kukana ndi zokolola);
- Cholinga cha mbewu (kwa malo otentha kapena munda);
- mitundu yoyambirira kapena yamapeto (malingana ndi nthawi yokolola).
Komanso, mitundu ya phwetekere imasiyana mosiyana ndi cholinga chawo. Choncho, kuti mudye masamba atsopano, ndi bwino kusankha mchere wambiri wotchedwa Bull Heart ndi minofu yamtundu kapena Moskvich wodalirika, komanso kuti musamalidwe mukuyenera kubzala zala zadongo (ndi khungu lakuda ndi lolimba). 
Chimene chikufunika nthaka kwa mbande za tomato
Ntchito yofunika kwambiri yolima tomato imasewera ndi nthaka yosankhidwa bwino. Pali zinthu ziwiri zomwe mungasankhe: kugula zokonzedwa zopangidwa ndi okonzeka ku dera lonse kapena kukonzekera nokha, omwe alimi wamaluwa ambiri amakonda kuchita. Choncho, kuti mukule mbewu zabwino za tomato ku mbewu, muyenera kuyamba ndi kukonza dothi labwino kwambiri.
Mukudziwa? Pafupifupi matani 60 miliyoni a tomato amakula padziko lonse chaka chilichonse..
Kukonzekera ndibwino kuchita mu kugwa. Dothi liyenera kukhala ndi zigawo zikuluzikuluzi: gawo kuchokera kumunda wothira mchenga ndi peat, ndi kuwonjezera pa humus ndi phulusa. Malo ochokera kumunda amatengedwa kuchokera kumalo kumene tomato, mbatata ndi mbewu zina zowonongeka sizinalembe nyengo yatha.
Chosakanizacho chidzakhala cholumikizika bwino ngati mukuphatikiza gawo limodzi la nthaka ndi magawo awiri a peat, 1 gawo la kompositi ndi theka la mchenga. Pofuna kuchepetsa mkulu wa asidi fluorine, 200 g wa phulusa, 10 g wa urea, 30 g wa superphosphate ndi 10 g wa potaziyamu akuwonjezeredwa ku chidebe chosakaniza. 
Pa nthawi zosiyana siyana za kukula kwa mbande, nthaka ikukonzedwa. Choncho, panthawi yoyamba yokonzekera dothi, mchenga ndi kompositi ochepa amayikidwa mmenemo. Kenaka imasulidwa ndipo imayikidwa ndi disinfection.
Tomatos yabwino kwambiri nthaka yotayirira ndi yosavuta mpweya ndi chinyezi. Kuti mupume bwino, sphagnum moss kapena ufa uliwonse wophika umawonjezeredwa. Izi zimapangitsa kukhala ndi mizu yabwino.
Olima munda omwe ali ndi chidziwitso amakonda mbande mwa mawonekedwe a utuchi ndi mchenga (mu chiŵerengero cha 2: 1). Mu mawonekedwe awa, utuchi amatha kuikidwa ndi feteleza mchere ndi zakudya zonse. Pa nthawi yomweyo utuchi umakhala ngati ufa wophikira nthaka.
Mbewu yokonzekera kubzala mbande
Ndondomeko yokonzekera mbeu imatenga nthaŵi yochuluka ndi chidwi chenicheni, chifukwa ndi khalidwe lawo loyenera kuti zokolola zambiri zimadalira. Njira zoterezi zikuphatikizapo: kusankha mbewu, kutentha, kukonza, kuyima, kumera ndi kuumitsa. Tiyeni tipende mwatsatanetsatane ndi njira zonse ndikuphunzirani momwe zingamerekere tomato ku mbewu kwa mbande.
Sampling
Mbewu yokonzekera kubzala idayamba mu February. Chinthu choyamba kuchita ndi kuyesa maonekedwe awo. Pano pali lamulo: zambiri ndi zabwino. Mbewu zazikulu zili ndi zinthu zofunika kwambiri. Kuchokera kwa iwo kumamera tomato wamkulu. 
Kusankha mbewu zapamwamba kwambiri, zimayikidwa mu njira yapadera yokonzedwa kuchokera mchere ndikupita kwa mphindi zingapo. Mbewu zomwe zimakwera pamwamba chifukwa cha njirayi zimaonedwa kuti sizoyenera, ndipo zomwe zagwera pansi zakhala zouma ndipo zimasiyidwa kuti zisamalizidwe bwino.
Kutentha kwa mbewu
Kutentha kwa mmwamba ndi kofunikira kokha kwa mbewu zomwe zinali kuzizira m'nyengo yozizira. Musanabzalamo kwa mwezi umodzi, mfundoyi imayikidwa mu chidebe cha minofu ndipo imatenthedwa masiku asanu ndi awiri, pang'onopang'ono ikukula kutentha. Njirayi imayamba pa kutentha kwa madigiri + 20 ndipo imathera pa madigiri 80.
Kunyumba, betri ndi yabwino yotentha. Ndikwanira kusiya mbeu masiku atatu.
Mukudziwa? Kukula kwa zipatso zazing'ono kwambiri za tomato m'kati mwake kumafikira zosachepera 2 cm.
Tomato wosakani sakufuna kuchitidwa kotereku konse.
Kuchiza mbewu
Popeza tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timapezeka pambewu, ndibwino kuti tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Izi zidzakuthandizani kupeŵa kugunda ndi infestation ya mbande. Kwa pickling mugwiritse ntchito yankho la manganese. Mbewu imayikidwa mu njira ya 1% ndipo imasungidwa kwa mphindi pafupifupi 20. 
Manganese amatha kusinthidwa ndi kuchepetsedwa kwa hydrogen peroxide, kukonzekera. Mu njirayi, zokololazo zaphimbidwa kwa mphindi 10. Gawo la disinfection limatha ndi chithandizo ndi zofunika kukonzekera. Epin kapena Immunocytofit, sodium humate kapena mankhwala amtundu wa mtundu wa aloe ndi abwino kwambiri.
Mbewu imayikidwa mu chidebe chowonetsetsa ndi kuikidwa mkati ndikuyika malo otentha kwa tsiku. Pambuyo pokonza, ziwume bwino bwino ndikupita ku sitepe yotsatira.
Mbewu ikuwomba
Asanamere tomato ku mbewu, ndi zofunika kuti zilowerere. Pachifukwa ichi, tengani mtsuko wa galasi kapena bokosi la pulasitiki ndi madzi otentha. Mbande pamene atakulungidwa mu cheesecloth ndi kuikidwa mu chidebe. Madzi sayenera kubisa mbewu (makamaka theka).
Tikukulangizani kuti mudziwe bwino ndi tomato zosiyanasiyana monga: "Malachite Box", "Lazyka", "Mazana Aakulu", "Superbomb", "Stolypin", "King of London", "Farm Communal Farming", "Labrador", "Caspar", " Niagara, Red Red, Kardinal, Sugar Bison, Red Guard, Gina, Rapunzel, Samara, Little Red Riding Hood, Pink Pink, Kiss of Geranium Golden Heart. "
Njira yonseyi iyenera kupatsidwa maola 12. Pankhaniyi, madzi ayenera kusinthidwa katatu.
Gulani ndi mbewu nthawi zonse amafunika kutuluka mumadzi kuti apume oxygen.
Kumera
Kuwomba bwino kumatulutsa kukhala tomato. Amalimbikitsa kukula kwa zomera ndikuwatsimikizira kale zokolola. Pa njirayi, mbewuzi zimafalikira pa mbale yokutidwa ndi pepala losakanizidwa kapena pepala lofewa. 
Ndikofunikira! Chipinda chikadzamera chiyenera kutentha (pafupifupi madigiri 20).
Panthawi imodzimodziyo ndi kofunika kuti mukhale osamala komanso kuonetsetsa kuti nsaluyo siuma ndipo siimbudzi.
Kulemetsa
Asanayambe kumera tomato ku mbewu, zimalangizidwa kuumitsa iwo. Popeza tomato ndi mbewu yotentha kwambiri, kuuma kumawathandiza kusintha mosavuta kuti zinthu zisinthe. Mbande za mbewu zokonzeka bwinozi zimalimbana ndi kusintha kwa kutentha, ndipo tomato imakula mofulumira. Mitengo imachokera ku mbewu zowumitsa, pachimake kale ndikupereka zokolola 40-50% zina.
Mfundoyi ndi yakuti mbande zimakhudzidwa ndi kutentha kosiyana. Choyamba, mbewu zowonongeka zimayikidwa mufiriji ndikukhala pamenepo kwa maola 12. Kutentha sikupitirira madigiri +2. Pambuyo pake, mkati mwa maola 12, mbewu zimatenthedwa pa madigiri + 20. 
Mukudziwa? M'mayiko ena, phwetekere amatchedwa apulo. A French anawatcha "apulo wachikondi", ndipo A German - "paradise aple".
Zokwanira kuchita ndondomeko 2-3 nthawi yowoneka bwino.
Momwe mungamerekere mbatata ku mbande mu pepala lakumbuzi
Njira yolima tomato kuchokera ku nyemba m'mapepala a chimbudzi imatha kutchulidwa mwachangu ndi kudziwa zamakono. Mfundo zabwino ndizoonekeratu:
- kuthana ndi matenda a mbewu;
- malo osayenera;
- kuthekera kwa kuzindikira mphamvu zamphamvu.
Pali njira zingapo zomwe zingasinthire kumera komweku ndi zabwino komanso zoipa. 
Njira yoyamba. Ndi botolo la pulasitiki. Iyi ndi njira yophweka komanso yothamanga kwambiri. Bhodolo liyenera kudula motalika ndikuyika pepala lokhala ndi madzi pansi. Pa izo kuti mugawire mbande. Bhodolo ili ndi thumba la pulasitiki, ndikupanga mawonekedwe a wowonjezera kutentha. Ndipo onetsetsani kuti mumapanga mabowo mumphuno. Chidebecho chimayikidwa bwino dzuwa.
Njirayi ikuwonetseratu momwe zingamerekere tomato ku nyemba m'mapepala a chimbudzi mwamsanga komanso mosavuta. Njirayi ndi yabwino kwambiri chifukwa siyifunika kuthirira, popeza kutentha kwapangidwe kumapangidwira pamalo osatsekedwa. Zipatso ziyenera kuonekera pa tsiku lachitatu.
Dzidziwitse ndi njira zotere za tomato: mu nkhono, pa hydroponnik, pawindo, mukukula tomato molingana ndi njira ya Maslov ndi Terekhins.
Njira yachiwiri. Ndi nsalu ya mafuta. Chovala cha mafuta chiyenera kudulidwa kuti chikhale chojambulidwa ndi masentimita 10, kuyika pepala losungunuka pa iwo. Nkhumba zimafalikira pamwamba pamtunda wa masentimita 4 kuchokera kwa mzake. Muzitsulo lotsatira, bwerezani pepala ndi mafutacloth. Zonsezi "zojambula" zimapukuta pang'ono ndi kujambulidwa ndi gulu la rabala. Mitengo yonse iyenera kuikidwa mu chidebe ndi madzi (pafupifupi zala ziwiri kuchokera pansi) ndipo, monga momwe zinalili poyamba, zophimba ndi thumba. Njira yachitatu. Lined pansi laminate. Njirayi ndi yofanana ndi yam'mbuyomu, yokhala ndi piritsi yokhala ndi porous yokha yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito. Mofananamo, "mipukutu" inamangidwa ndikuyikidwa m'madzi. Masamba atangomera, amafesedwa pansi.
Mawu akuti kumera kwa mbatata
Yankho la funsoli, patatha masiku angapo mbeu za tomato zimamera pa mbande, zimakhala zovuta kwa ambiri olima ndiwo zamasamba. Izi sizosadabwitsa, chifukwa podziwa zambiri izi, mukhoza kuika nthawi yomwe muyenera kufesa mbande.
Mbande za tomato zimakhala pafupifupi kumera komweko. Mbeu zowuma, zikabzalidwa pamtunda, sizidzakula kale kuposa masiku khumi.
Mukhoza kupititsa patsogolo njirayi, ngati mupereka chithandizo chapadera pozembera, kusintha kutentha ndi zinthu zina. Pachifukwa ichi, mbewu idzasinthira 5 ± 1 kapena 7 ± 1 tsiku malinga ndi zosiyanasiyana ndi khalidwe. Koma panthawi yomweyi kutentha kumayenera kusungidwa pamlingo wosachepera kuposa madigiri + 20. Mu mphepo yozizira, nthawi yozengereza imachedwa kwa masiku angapo. 
Ndikofunikira! Samalani kuzama kokwera. Powonjezereka mbewu mu nthaka, motalika iyo idzapita njira yopita ku kuwala.
Maganizo obzala mbewu za phwetekere
Kwa mbande za tomato kunyumba zimapereka zokolola zochuluka, ndikofunikira kusankha nthawi yoyenera pamene kuli koyenera kufesa mbewu. Pankhaniyi, kalendala ya mwezi idzapulumutsidwa. Zokwanira kubzala masamba kwa mbande ndi masiku omwe mwezi wachinyamata umakhudzidwa ndi zizindikiro zomwe zimapatsa chonde, monga: Khansa, Libra, Scorpio, Pisces kapena Aries.
Ngati masiku ano sizingatheke kubzala tomato, pakadali masiku abwino mu kalendala ya mwezi, yomwe ingagwiritsidwe ntchito kubzala.
Asanafike
Musanabzala mbewu pamtunda, poyambira iwo amaikidwa kunyumba mu chidebe ndi nthaka. Mu chikho chilichonse, mbewu imodzi yokha imamizidwa pafupifupi kuya masentimita imodzi ndikukhala madzi nthawi ndi nthawi.
Ndi bwino kubzala kale kumera mbande, yomwe imatha kutuluka masiku 5-7. Pambuyo pake amatumizidwa ku zitsulo ndi nthaka. 
Kusamalira kwina kumafuna nthawi yothirira madzi asanasunthike mu wowonjezera kutentha kapena m'munda wamaluwa.
Kutuluka kumayenera kuchitidwa mosamala kuti asawononge mizu ya mbande. Panthawi imodzimodziyo ndi kofunika kuti muyang'ane ulamuliro wa kutentha ndikuwombera nthawi kuti musamawoneke mwendo wakuda.
Ngati mumatsatira malamulo amenewa, maonekedwe a majeremusi sangatenge nthawi yaitali.
Kulowa m'nthaka
Mukamabzala tomato mu wowonjezera kutentha kapena kutseguka nthaka muyenera kuganizira za nyengo ndi malo omwe adzakula. Ngati mumaganizira nthawi yovomerezeka, ndiye kuti munabzala mbande m'mabotolo opangidwa ndi theka la mwezi wa March (mpaka chiwerengero cha 15), pansi pa filimuyi pansi - mu gawo lachiwiri la March - oyambirira a April. Tomato amabzalidwa otseguka pansi, monga lamulo, mu June.
Musanabzala, masamba awiri apansi ayenera kudulidwa kuti athe kuwonjezeka pang'ono. Mbande ayenera kuchoka mu mphika ndi mtanda wa dziko momwe iwo unakula, kusunthira mu dzenje. Zakale zowonongeka ziyenera kukhala umuna. Supuni imodzi ya feteleza yapadera, mwachitsanzo, Masamba a Signor, ndi okwanira. 
Ndikofunika kukulitsa tsinde pansi ndi 10-15 masentimita. Asanagone dzenje, chomeracho chimayikidwa pambali pake ndikumwa madzi ochulukira kangapo. Madzi ayenera kulowa mozama mu nthaka kuti mizu ya tomato ikhale yotsatira. Kenaka, dzenje likutsekedwa ndi nthaka, ndipo mbande zimakhala kwa kanthaŵi, kotero kuti tsinde silinamizire kwambiri mu nthaka yozizira.
Tomato musamakula bwino, ngati mmalo mwawo kale anali biringanya, tsabola kapena kabichi. Mitengo yamaluwa monga nkhaka, chimanga, nyemba ndi kabichi zimaonedwa kuti ndizobwino zisanachitike.
Pambuyo kukonkha ndi nthaka, chomeracho chimangirizidwa ku khola. Kuthirira pamwamba sikuli kofunikira kuti tipewe kutumphuka.
Kusunga chinyezi, chobzala tomato chiyenera kukhala mulched peat.
Pambuyo pake, imangokhala kuti imwe madzi, pakapita nthawi kudyetsa ndi kuyembekezera zokolola.
Choyenera kuchita ngati mbewu za tomato zisamere
Si zachilendo kubzalidwa mbeu kuti ikhale pansi popanda kuphuka. Ili ndiyitanidwe kuti mumvetsere zolakwika zomwe zingapangidwe pofesa.
- Chimene chikhoza kuchepetsa kukula kwa mbande ndi momwe mungakonzekere.
- Kutentha kotsika kwa maonekedwe akuphuka. Pa kutentha kwakukulu kwa madigiri 21, cholakwika cha madigiri angapo amalepheretsa mbewuzo kutha. Izi zingakonzedwe mwa kupanga nyengo yabwino ya kutentha.
- Kutentha kwakulu padziko lapansi. Mu nthaka yonyowa, zokolola zingadwale chifukwa cha kusowa kwa mpweya. Pachifukwa ichi, muyenera kusamala kwambiri za mtundu wa dziko osakaniza, komanso kuchepetsa kuthirira.
- Kufesa kwakukulu kwakukulu. Pa nthawi yomweyo, mbewu zimakhala zovuta kuti ziphwanye ndipo zimafa. Kuthamanga kwakukulu ndi 1-1.5 masentimita. Kuthirira kumayenera kuchitidwa musanayambe kufesa, osati pambuyo, kotero kuti nkhaniyo sichitha kwambiri.
Mukudziwa? M'chilengedwe, pali mitundu yoposa 10,000 ya tomato.
Ndi njira yoyenera yosamalidwa mbeu yobzala mbeu, yomwe idakalipo nthawi yodzala pansi ndi kusamalira bwino, ndithudi mutenga zokolola zamtengo wapatali za tomato.
