Mitundu ya mphesa zabwino kwambiri: Kufotokozera, kukoma ndi mawonekedwe

Kuyambira nthawi zam'mbuyomo, mpesa wabzalidwa ku East, ndipo kenako ku Mediterranean. Mphesa zamchere, zomwe zimaphatikizapo mitundu yodabwitsa yamitundu, zimadziwika kwa alimi ambiri ndikutsika m'nkhalangomo. Kusintha kwamakono kumatsimikizira kuti mbewu yotentha imeneyi imamera modabwitsa panthaka zosiyanasiyana ndipo imatha kupirira kutentha. Njira yoyenera yaukadaulo waulimi imakupatsani mwayi wokhala ndi zokolola za mitundu ya matebulo pakati panjira ya dziko lathu, kumpoto ndi kum'mwera, ndipo mitundu yama mphesa yosankhidwa bwino ndi kukhwima imasangalatsa zipatso zosaneneka komanso zonunkhira za oyambira m'minda.

Kodi kusiyana kwa tebulo kumatanthauza chiyani?

Kutengera ndi cholinga chogwiritsa ntchito, chilengedwe, tebulo, ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mtengo wa mpesawo imalimidwa. Mphesa za tebulo zimalalidwa kuti zizidya zipatso popanda kukonza kale komanso pokongoletsa. Zipatso zimayamikiridwa chifukwa cha kuphatikizika kwa ma acid ndi shuga, mawonekedwe abwino, kusungika kosasinthika komanso kusunga bwino.

Mtundu wamitundu yosiyanasiyana ndi mbewu yobalidwa mwampangidwe umodzi wa mbewu imodzi, yomwe imakhala ndi zovuta zake zonse.

Pali mitundu yopitilira mphesa yopitilira 8000 padziko lapansi, yomwe imagawika m'magulu kutengera zikhalidwe, chiyambi ndi magwiritsidwe ake. Gome (dessert) mitundu ya mphesa imalalidwa kuti izigwiritsidwa ntchito mwatsopano, ma bookmark osungira kwakanthawi ndikupeza mphesa zouma (zoumba zoumba zoumba zoumba zouma zouma). Mphesa za pagome zimasiyanitsidwa ndi:

• mbewu yaying'ono;
• khungu loonda;
• amankhwala otchedwa nutmeg kapena fungo la uchi;
• mapangidwe a zamkati (wachifundo, wowutsa mudyo, wowuma);
• kulawa - okoma, wowawasa, tart kapena owawa;
• mawonekedwe ndi kukula kwa chipatso.

Mitundu ya tebulo yokhala ndi zipatso zazikulu, zokhala ndi utoto wofanana kukula kwake ndi yaying'ono, magulu owonda ndi ofunikira kwambiri. Makhalidwe abwino kwambiri a mphesa zoterewa amaphatikizira zonunkha, zonunkhira zenizeni komanso kusabereka. Pamodzi, mawonekedwewa amapezeka pang'onopang'ono mwa mitundu yama mphesa yazipatso. Mphesa zamchere zimakonda kugawidwa m'magulu atatu amitundu - zakuda, zoyera ndi zofiira.

Kuthirira (zipatso zazing'ono), mtundu wapakatikati wa mphesa za tebulo, zomwe zimasiyana ndi zazikulu, zimakhudza kwambiri kugulitsa zipatso, ngakhale zidziwitsozi zimasiyana kwambiri kutengera ukadaulo waulimi ndi nyengo.

Mitundu yabwino ya mphesa za tebulo ndi kufotokoza ndi mawonekedwe

Mphesa zodziwidwa akuti zimachokera mu nkhalango yamtchire yamtchire yamtchire yopanda zipatso, yomwe inafalikira kwambiri kumwera kwa Europe ndi East Asia. Kusankhidwa kwamakono kumagawa mitundu ya mphesa zamtundu m'magulu monga zipatso zakupsa: koyambirira, pakati komanso mochedwa.

Magiredi oyambirira

Mitundu ya mphesa zoyambirira zimagawika m'magulu atatu:

1. Kukondwerera (masiku 90 mpaka 905).
2. Oyambirira (masiku 110-125)
3. Yoyambirira kwapakatikati (masiku 125-145).

Mpesa wa mitundu yambiri yamitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mphesa yoyambirira imakhazikika pakadutsa masiku 100 - 140. Zomera izi sizimakhala ndi vuto lotentha masana, zimalolera kuzimiririka ndipo sizowonongeka kawirikawiri ndi mpunga ndi oidium. Zophatikiza zoterezi ndizoyenera kulimidwa kumadera akumpoto, ku Transbaikalia, ku Urals, ku Bashkiria, Moscow Region ndi St. Petersburg.

Mildew (downy mildew) ndi oidium ndi zina mwa matenda owopsa kwambiri a mphesa omwe amakhudza chomera chonse.

Mitundu yotchuka kwambiri yazipatso zoyera za zipatso zavinyo kwambiri:

• Mphatso ya Aleshenkin imakula mkati mwa masiku 105-110. Pa chomera chokulirapo, masango amacha 200 mpaka 600. Shuga wambiri wazipatso - 16%, acidity - 8.7 g / l; zipatso zokhala ndi zipatso komanso zonunkhira zabwino za nati. Zosiyanasiyana zimakhala zogwirizana ndi matenda. Wokhala pa tretis tretis, mphatso ya Aleshenkin idzakhala chowonjezerapo chabwino pakuphatikiza kukongoletsa mundayo.
  

  Mphesa zokhala ndi zipatso zokhala ndi zipatso za Aleshenkin zimacha kumapeto kwa Julayi
• Masamba a mphesa a Pearl Saba omwe ali ndi zakudya zopatsa thanzi komanso zolemba zamaluwa ali ndi masamba osasunthika a 0,2,5,5 kg ndi zipatso zazing'ono, zozungulira. Tchire limakhala lalikulu kakulidwe, kudulira masika ndi pakati. Zosiyanasiyana sizogwirizana ndi matenda. Ngale za Saba zimamera ku Caucasus, ku Crimea, Rostov komanso ku Krasnodar Territory.
  

  Mphesa zoyambirira kucha za Pearl Saba zosiyanasiyana, ngakhale zipatso zazing'onozi, ndizabwino kwambiri komanso ndizokongoletsa bwino

• Zipatso zoyera, zozungulira za mphesa za Lyubava zimasonkhanitsidwa mumphepete, timabowo tambiri 200-400 g iliyonse. Shuga mu zipatso - 21%, asidi - 7 g / l. Pakati panjira, mphesa zoyambirira zapsa kumayambiriro kwa Ogasiti. Ku mulingo woyenera womwe umadwala matenda.
  

  Mphesa zamchere za Lyubava zimakhala ndi nthangala za 2-3 zamkati

• Citrine (Super-Extra) mawonekedwe a zipatso ndi ofanana ndi Arcadia ndi Libya, kukoma kwake ndi zipatso ndi mabulosi, osangalatsa, okoma; mnofu wopanda thupi. Wosakanizidwa, wopezedwa ndi kusakaniza mungu Talisman ndi Cardinal. Kulemera kwakukulu kwa masango ndi 500 g; pogona pamafunika nthawi yozizira; nthawi zambiri imawonongeka ndi khosi ndi oidium.
  

  Mphesa za chitowe ndi zipatso zachikasu zowala zomwe zimafuna kuthirira komanso kuvala pamwamba

Mitundu yabwino kwambiri ya mphesa zonkhesa zamapsa zoyambirira kucha ndi zipatso zapinki:

• Zoreva za nthawi yoyambirira kwambiri kumapeto kwa mwezi wa June zimakongoletsedwa ndi pinki, kuwala kwamtambo (mpaka 250 g). Zipatso zokoma ndi wowawasa ndi khungu loonda, mbewu - 4 zidutswa. Mphukira zipse ndi 85%. Chitetezo ku matenda a fungal ndiyofunikira.
  

  Zorevoy Zosiyanasiyana - mphesa za tebulo zomwe zimakhala ndi masamba abwino

• Libya ndi imodzi mwazomera zabwino kwambiri zokhala ndi zipatso zapinki, zokonzekera kugwiritsidwa ntchito kumapeto kwa June. Zipatso zazikulu, zofiira-lilac zimakhala ndi shuga 19% ndi 6 g / l acid, kununkhira kwa mafuta a nutmeg. Tchire ku Libya ndilamphamvu, kudulira kumafunikira maso 8-10. Zosiyanasiyana zimakhudzidwa ndi matenda mpaka pamlingo wabwino.
  

  Imodzi mwa mitundu yayikulu kwambiri ya mphesa - mchere, yakucha kumapeto kwa June

• Kusintha - kuchulukana, ngakhale zipatso zimadzaza wandiweyani, masango amphamvu, olemera 800 mpaka 1200 g. zipatso ndi zokoma, zokhala ndi muscat wosakhwima. Guwa ndi yowutsa mudyo, ndipo ndimbewu ziwiri, khungu ndilofinya. Kusandulika ndikukongoletsa kwa dimba ndi dessert yosaiwalika. Zophatikiza nthawi zina zimakhudzidwa ndi matenda oyamba ndi fungus.
  

  Magulu osawoneka bwino a mphesa zamitundu yosiyanasiyana Masinthidwe olandila amalandila m'madela ndi pa Volga

• Nthawi ndi mphesa zoyambirira-zipatso; zipatso zake ndi zonyezimira mitundu. Pa tsinde lamphamvu, maburashi azipatso amakula mpaka 1.5 makilogalamu. Kukoma kwa zipatso kumakhala kogwirizana, kumadziwika ndi cholembedwa chamaluwa chosangalatsa; khungu limachepa. Zambiri za shuga - 20%, acidity - 5-6 g / l. Zowonongeka ndi powdery mildew ndi phylloxera.
  

  Masamba a mphesa amasinthidwe safanana

Zosiyanasiyana mphesa zakuda zoyambirira zonenepa:

• Cardinal ndi lotayirira, asymmetrical zipatso tsango ndi kuwala wofiirira, wathunthu rip - wofiirira ndi sera wokutira wa zipatso (zipatso kulemera 5-6 g). Kuwala kwa nutmeg ndi wowawasa kumapereka kukoma kosazolowereka kwa ma Cardinal zipatso. Zosiyanasiyana ziyenera kuthandizidwa pafupipafupi matenda ndi tizirombo.
  

  Dessert Cardinal mphesa zomwe zimapezeka ku Europe pafupifupi zaka 100 zapitazo

• Codrianka ndi chisakanizo cha haibridi cha Moldova ndi Marshall. Mitundu yapamwamba kwambiri yotsekemera, yakucha pakati pa Juni. Burashi yayikulu ndikupeza mpaka 500. The zamkati ndi crispy, onunkhira; Khungu limakhala lakuthwa pang'ono. Wosakanizidwa amalekerera mphutsi ndi oidium, nthawi zina omwe amakhudzidwa ndi phylloxera. Kwa wosakanizidwa, kuchuluka kwazomera sikovomerezeka, kudula mipesa kwa maso a 4-6. Kwa nthawi yozizira, Kodryanka adaphimbidwa.

  

  Mitundu ya mphesa za Kodryanka zokhala ndi zipatso zakuda zimatha kumera nyengo zina - kumpoto kwa kumpoto komanso nyengo yachinyezi yakumwera.

• Muromets ndi yozizira-wowuma, mchere wodziwika bwino ndi zipatso zotsekemera, zonunkhira komanso kukula kwakukulu kwa tsango. Zipatso zake zimakhala zakuda, ndipo zokutira ndi sera, zophatikizidwa mu burashi wolemera 400-600 g, zimakhala ndi nthangala imodzi kapena inayi. Zosiyanasiyana zimagwirizana ndi matenda. Mtunduwu wosakanizidwa umalimidwa ku Urals, Siberia, Chernozemye ndi Volga.
  

  Mtundu wa mphesa wamtundu waung'ono kwambiri umasanja masango akuluakulu, owonda
• Zomwe zimakhala ndi shuga mumtundu wosakanizidwa Mphatso ya Kuwala (Dawn of Unlight) ndi 20%, ndipo acidity imangokhala 4 g / l. Zipatso zofiirira zimakhala zokupsa, zonunkhira bwino, msuzi wake ndi wofiyira m'chigawo, ndipo khungu limakhala lokwanira. Chitsamba chachitali chidapezeka ndikudutsa Kukongola ndi Talisman. Magulu amalemera mpaka 1500 g, zipatso za munthu payekha - mpaka 14 g. Wosakanizidwa nthawi zambiri amakhudzidwa ndi mildew ndi oidium.
  

  Mphatso yochokera ku Nesveta - imodzi mwamphesa zamitundu yamphesa yoyambirira kucha

Gome: Makhalidwe a Mitundu Yoyambirira Ya Mphete Zoyambirira Zakale

Mitundu yotchuka kwambiri yapakatikati pa mphesa zoyera zokhala ndi zipatso:

• Augustine - zipatso ndi zoyera, zazikulu, chowulungika; zamkati ndi kutchulidwa nutmeg ndi wowawasa mtima; mmera umagwirizana kwambiri ndi matenda;
• Anapa koyambirira - zipatso ndi zobiriwira chikaso, kuzungulira ndi kukoma kosavuta popanda mawonekedwe a kukoma, okhala ndi mbewu zitatu; chitetezo chokwanira;
• Annushka - gulu laling'ono - mpaka 200 g, mabulosi obiriwira, amphaka amphaka ndi fungo labwino; zipatso sizipasuka; chitsamba chokulirapo chapakati sichikhudzidwa ndi matenda a fungal;
• Kukondweretsa - zipatso zimakaso zachikasu, thumba lozizira, zotsekemera (shuga mpaka 26%) ndi yowutsa mudyo, mnofu wamakhirisiti wokhala ndi muscatel wotchulidwa; osiyanasiyana chosaphimba ndi kuchuluka chitetezo chitetezo imvi;
• Zoyera zoyambirira - masango - kuchokera 500 g mpaka 1 makilogalamu, zipatso ndi zokulirapo, zobiriwira, zowonda ndi mbewu yayikulu; khungu limakhala lonenepa, silivulala pakamayendedwe; kukoma kwa chipatso ndi kokoma ndi wowawasa, kosavuta; chitetezo chokwanira;
• Caucasian woyambirira - zipatso zoyera zachikasu zokhala ndi sera wokutira, kukoma kosangalatsa ndi nutmeg ndi zolemba za uchi; kudya mbewu; Magulu - mpaka 700 g; Kusagwirizana ndi matenda ndi ambiri, nthawi zina mankhwalawa amayamba;
• Nutmeg Larni - zipatso ndi zozungulira, zachikaso zagolide ndi zonenepa; mbewu - 1-3; mitundu yophimba imagwira matenda ndi tizirombo;
• Amber nutmeg - zipatso zovunda ndi amber hue, wowawasa ndi kununkhira kwa nati Magulu - mpaka 300 g; mmera sukulira chisanu, pamafunika kutentha nyengo yachisanu ndi njira zopewera kuchitira matenda;
• Mwana woyamba kubadwa wa Skuin - zipatso zowola, zamasamba owoneka bwino, zoyera; kukoma kwabwinobwino ndi wowawasa; Magulu mpaka 250 g; chitetezo chokwanira;
• White Chasselas - masango ang'onoang'ono (150 g), zipatso zachikasu zokhala ndi golide, kapeti loonda, zipatso ndi mabulosi kulawa; mankhwalawa fungal matenda a mpesa amafunikira;
• Muscat Chasselas - zipatso ndizazungulira, zoyera zachikaso ndi mnofu wowuma wa khrisipi; zimasiyana pakukoma kosalala kwa muscat ndi zolemba za sitiroberi; osiyanasiyana chivundikiro, salola bwino chisanu; chitetezo chokwanira.

Zojambulajambula: mitundu yoyambirira ya mphesa zoyera

Gome: Kufotokozera Mphesa Zoyambirira Zakale

Mitundu yabwino kwambiri ya zipatso zoyambirira kucha za mphesa za pinki:

• Alexander - pinki, ozungulira, zipatso zotsekemera komanso zowawasa; chitsamba chamtengo; zosiyanasiyana zimakhala ndi matenda;
• Arcadia - masango akulu kwambiri mpaka kilogalamu imodzi yokhala ndi zipatso zowoneka zachikasu zobiriwira zokhala ndi zolemba za zipatso; zosiyanasiyana zimakhala ndi matenda; kukana chisanu ndi ambiri;
• Bashkirsky - mabulosi ake ndi ozungulira, owutsa mudyo, ali ndi zotsitsimula zabwino ndi wowawasa; Magulu a friable 150 g; chitetezo chokwanira m'thupi nchokwanira;
• Bogatyanovsky - pachitsamba chokulirapo, chachikasu, zipatso za ovoid ndi mbewu 2-3 zimamera; kukoma ndiko kukoma ko- patsa zipatso ndi kununkhira; kusiyanasiyana kulimbana ndi matenda;
• Brigantine - masango akulu mpaka 500 g, zipatso za pinki ndi mafuta opepuka a nati, osagwirizana ndi kuwonongeka; osakhudzidwa ndi khansa ndi oidium, amafuna pobisalira kumpoto;
• Karagay - zipatso zakuda, zozungulira, zotsekemera popanda fungo lokhazikika zimamera m'magulu onenepa; mbewu yoletsa matenda;
• Krasa Severa ndi wosakanizidwa ndi chisanu, wosalabadira kumatenda, ali ndi zipatso zoyera-zampinki zokhala ndi njere zazing'ono; peel wandiweyani samasweka ndipo sawonongeka; Magulu - mpaka 300 g; kukoma kwa mabulosi ndi zolemba zotsitsimula;
• Moscow - masango pa wosakanizidwa amafika 550 g; zipatso zimatha, zimakhala zofiirira komanso zowoneka bwino; matenda kukana ndi mkulu;
• Neptune - lilac-ofiira zipatso ndi fungo la zipatso zakuthengo ali ndi khungu loonda komanso thupi lotayirira, lopangika pakati masango (mpaka 300 g); mmera umagwirizana kwambiri ndi matenda ndi tizilombo toononga;
• Ndimalingaliro - masango akulu, obiriwira mpaka kilogalamu ali wozungulira, wamtundu wapinki, zipatso za cylindrical zokhala ndi khungu losalala komanso zamkati yowutsa mudyo; kukoma kwake ndikogwirizana; chitetezo chokwanira;
• Pinki shashla ndi zipatso zokhala ngati zonunkhira za lilac-pinki m'magulu otayirira, zomwe zimachokera ku 200 mpaka 500 g; zipatso sizikusweka; zosiyanasiyana zimawonongeka pang'ono ndi matenda oyamba ndi fungus.

Zithunzi zojambulidwa: mitundu yoyambirira yamipatso ya zipatso zampinki za pinki

Gome: Mitundu ya Mphesa Yoyambirira

Mitundu ya mphesa zakuda koyambirira:

• Don Agate - zipatso ndi zakuda buluu ndi mbewu, kukoma kwake ndikosangalatsa, kununkhira ndikwachilendo; Magulu - 400-600 g; amalimbana ndi chisanu mpaka 26 ^zaC; wamkulu ku Urals ndi Siberia; matenda kukana ndi avareji;
• Cardinal Anapsky - mitundu yakumwera yokhala ndi masango akuluakulu mpaka 1200 g; mabulosi ansalu-abuluu okhala ndi njere; kukoma ndi wowawasa wowawasa ndi zipatso zamtundu wina wazipatso; Matenda a mpesa; osanyamula zoposa 25 maso;
• Mpesa wowawa - pa nthambi zamtambo zabuluu zakuda, zipatso zosazungulira zimasonkhanitsidwa mumtunda wowonda (300-450 g); Zosiyanasiyana sizigonjetsedwa ndi chisanu ndipo sizimawonongeka ndi matenda;
• Moscow wakuda - zipatso zakuda buluu ndi zokutira za waxy zimasiyanitsidwa ndi nutmeg wosakhwima ndi kukoma kosangalatsa; kugonjetsedwa ndi matenda ambiri a mphesa;
• Nadezhda Azos - wosakanizidwa ndi chisanu wosakhwima wokhala ndi zipatso zazikulu zazikulu mpaka 1300 g; zipatso ndi yowutsa mudyo, wabuluu, onunkhira bwino; chitetezo chofewa;
• Lowland - mphesa iyi imakhala ndi pinki, wofiirira, zipatso zotsekemera zokhala ndi zolemba zazipatso; zipatso sizimasweka pa mayendedwe; chitetezo chokwanira;
• Frumoasa Albe - zipatso za amber zokhala ndi sera wokutira, kulemera kwa masango - 300-550 g; kukoma kwa zipatso za muscat; chomera cholimba kwambiri.

Ngakhale mitundu ya mphesa za tebulo zomwe sizigwirizana ndi matenda oyamba ndi fungus ndipo sizikuvutika ndi tizilombo - nkhono ndi nyerere zimasankhidwa pamunda wamaluwa, chithandizo chamankhwala kuchokera ku powdery mildew, slugs ndi nkhono sizivulaza. Wosalephera kufinya ndi phylloxera mitundu yoyambilira imafunikira mankhwala osachepera atatu ndi fungicides, nthawi zina ophera tizilombo. Chapakatikati, pomwe matenthedwe ausiku amakhala pansi +10 ^zaC ndi konyowa, mvula yamvumbi, chitetezo cha mpesa sichili chokwanira mokwanira ndipo chimagwiritsidwa mwamavuto amtundu wa chilengedwe. Ntchito yoyamba ya wokonza m'munda mphesa atsegulidwa kumayambiriro kwa nyengo yakukula (kumapeto kwa Marichi - kumayambiriro kwa Epulo) ndikugwiritsa ntchito mipesa ndi mankhwala anthawi zonse. Ndimapopera ndi Topaz wothira malinga ndi malangizo. Pambuyo pa masiku 10, kubwezeretsanso kumakhala koyenera - Topaz amatha kusinthana ndi Fufanon.

Zithunzi Zithunzi: Mitundu Yosiyanasiyana Yoyamba ya Mphesa

Kanema: Mitundu yoyambirira ya mphesa

Mitengo ya mphesa ya Mid-msimu ndikufotokoza ndi mawonekedwe ake

Mphesa zamchere zokhala ndi nthawi yakucha zambiri zimadziwika ndi kukolola kochuluka kumwera kwa dziko lathu - ku Krasnodar Territory, ku Crimea, kumwera chakum'mawa kwa Black Earth Region. Ndimavala zovala zapamwamba nthawi zonse komanso njira zopewera matenda, mphesa za tebulo zotere sizachilendo m'dera la Volga, dera la Stavropol, m'chigawo chapakati cha Russia, koma apa simungathe pokhazikika nyengo yachisanu. Mwa mitundu yotchuka yapakatikati

• Zoyambirira zimakhala ndi nthawi yokhwima yakucha zipatso zomwe zimapanga masango otayirira. Zipatso zokhala ndi nsonga yolunjika ndi utoto wofiirira wautoto wokhala ndi mawonekedwe apamwamba, zimakhala ndi fungo labwino la muscat komanso wowawasa. Tchire lamphamvu, nthambi zamphamvu zopirira nyengo yozizira - 22 ^zaC. Zosiyanasiyana sizigwirizana ndi matenda ndi tizilombo toononga, koma nthawi yachisanu imafunikira kutentha kwanyengo.
  

  Mphesa zoyambirira zokhala ndi dzina losaiwalika zimakhala ndi zipatso zachilendo

• Dessert wosakanizidwa Rusmol wakucha kumapeto kwa Ogasiti - koyambirira kwa Seputembala, chitsamba sichimalola chisanu, chimamvetsera ndikudyetsa ndi kuthirira. Zipatsozo ndizazungulira, zoyera ndi khungu loonda, mbewu 1-2 zimabwerapo; Masango mpaka 600-800 g. Kupewera kwa oidium ndi phylloxera ndikofunikira. Mitundu yocheperako ya mandimu ndi zipatso zamtundu wazipatso zidapangitsa kuti mitunduyi ikhale yosangalatsa pakati pa omwe amapanga vinyo.
  

  Mphesa zosakanizira za Rusmol zimayamba kucha ku Krasnodar Territory ndi Rostov

• Dessert - zosiyanasiyana zimasiyanitsidwa ndi masango a sing'anga (350-500 g) okhala ndi zipatso zozungulira, za pinki. Kukomako ndikwabwinobwino, shuga okhutira - 17%, acidity - 7 g / l. Maluwa okongola. Mtengowo udawotchera masamba a 6-8. Zipatso zimapsa zokhazokha kum'mwera kwa dziko lathu. Kukaniza kwa oidium ndi khansa kumakhala pafupifupi, pogona nyengo yachisanu ndiyofunikira.
  

  Mchere mphesa pafupifupi 6-8 makilogalamu pachitsamba chilichonse

Gome: Mitundu ya mphesa zodziwika bwino ndi nthawi yakucha

Chithunzi chojambulidwa: mphesa zakupsa kumapeto kwa chirimwe

Mphesa zam'mbuyo

Pambuyo pake mitundu ya mphesa imakhazikika kwathunthu kumadera amenewo kumene kutentha kumatha kukhalabe usiku mpaka kumapeto kwa Novembala, ndipo kuzizira kwenikweni kumachitika mu Disembala. Nthawi yakucha yapamwamba ya mphesa zotere ndi masiku 150-165. Mphesa zamchere ndi nthawi yayitali zimakula ku Krasnodar ndi Bryansk, ku Crimea ndi Caucasus, m'chigawo cha Voronezh, Belgorod, Rostov, ku Ukraine ndi madera akumwera kwa Belarus. Zosiyanitsa za mitundu yamapeto ndizosazindikira pang'ono kuzizira komanso kusungika kwakukulu kwa matenda oyamba ndi fungal omwe amakhala m'malo otentha, ozizira.

Mtundu wabwino kwambiri wa mphesa za pinki zomwe zimapsa mochedwa:

• Nimrang - mphesa wamfupi, wa pinki woyamba kudyedwa ku Tajikistan, ndi nthaka yosakanizira komanso yolimba. Zipatso za Nimrang zipsa pambuyo pa masiku 160 zimakondedwa chifukwa cha michere yawo yothina komanso kuwala kwa nyenyezi. Magulu amapanga mpaka 500 g.Pangokhala 65-70% ya mipesa yomwe imakhwima pamtengowu; Mphesa zimavomera kuthirira kowonjezera ndipo zimafunikira kuvala kwapamwamba kawirikawiri. Zosiyanasiyana ziyenera kuthandizidwa pafupipafupi matenda ndi tizirombo.
  

  Kukula kwathunthu kwa mphesa za Nimrang kumachitika mu Okutobala-Novembala

• Typhi - mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mphesa zapinki yokhala ndi nthawi yakucha ya masiku 170, imasiyanitsidwa ndi zipatso zofiira ndi pinki zofiirira. Masango a mphesa osakanizidwa amafika kupitirira 2 kg. Kubwezerani kopitilira muyeso kudzapezedwa kuchokera ku mpesa uwu, ngati ubzalidwe pamalo otentha kwambiri komanso otentha. Mabulosi ali ndi 23% shuga, 7 g / l acid. Zosiyanasiyana zimatha kudziteteza ku matenda oyamba ndi fungus; zipatso nthawi zambiri zimakhomera zipatso.
  

  Mbande za mphesa za typhi zimadziwika ndi kukula kwamphamvu

• Hercules ya Mid-mochedwa sichitha kugonjetsedwa ndi chisanu (kupirira mpaka - 23 ^zaC) Masango amtunduwu ndi amitundu, amalemera 1.1-1.6 kg; zipatso zosavomerezeka, zotsekemera komanso zowawasa ndi zamkati zamatumbo (mbewu - 1-3 zidutswa). Mphukira yayitali imafunikira kudulira kwa maso a 6-8 ndikusamalidwa nthawi zina kuchokera ku oidium ndi khansa.
  

  Hercules mphesa ndi khrisipi, mnofu wowonda

Mphesa zabwino kwambiri mochedwa ndi zipatso zakuda:

• Asma (Black Crimean) ndi masamba osagwira matenda omwe amakhala ndi shuga wambiri - mpaka 20%, asidi - 7.4 g / l. Guwa ndi wandiweyani, wokhathamira ndi njere ziwiri. Zipatso za mphesa yotsetserayi ndi utoto wakuda ndi wokutira waxy. Masango amafikira 350-400 g. Mpesa umacha pokhapokha 50-60%, impso sizingalole chisanu. Chomera chimafuna kuthirira pang'ono komanso kudulira kwapafupi. Asma ndi yoyenera kupindika.
  

  Asma mchere mphesa kudulira 4-6 masamba

• Mitundu yosinthika kwambiri ku Moldova idabadwa mu 70s. Mphesa zokhala ndi silinda-conical masango (mpaka 600 g) zimakhala ndi kukoma kwa mabulosi ndi wowawasa, zipsa mu Okutobala. Zipatso zake ndi zakuda buluu, khungu limakhala lakuda ndi sera wokutira. Kusungidwa bwino ndipo musamawonongeke mukakhwacha. Zosiyanasiyana zimagwirizana ndi matenda.
  

  Mitengo yosiyanasiyana ya mphesa ku Moldova yakhala ikutchuka kwa alimi kwa zaka zopitilira 40

• Odessa chikumbutso cha mochedwa kukhwima - kugonjetsedwa ndi tizirombo ndi matenda, koma bwino kulekerera kwambiri chisanu. Masamba otayirira, okhala ndi zipatso zazitali zophimbidwa ndi sera wokutira, amatha kupitirira 300. Muscat wowala, wonunkhira pang'ono wowoneka bwino ndi zipatso zosafunikira za ku Souvenir amayamikiridwa kwambiri ndi okonda mphesa za mphesa. Wosakanizidwa amalimbana ndi matenda ambiri a mpesa, kupatula oidium.
  

  Wokhala ndi zipatso zazikulu komanso wosadzikuza ndiye mikhalidwe yayikulu ya mphesa za Odessa souvenir

Mphesa zabwino kwambiri zakumapeto kwa mitundu:

• Masamba oyera oyera achikasu a loboti osiyanasiyana okhala ndi mincat yosalala amakhala osalala pang'ono ndikuwapangika masango otayirira pafupifupi 0,5 kg. Guwa ndi yowutsa mudyo, khungu lowonda lomwe limakutidwa ndi sera wokutira, lili ndi mbewu (zidutswa za 2-4). Mitundu ina yabwino kwambiri yaubwenzi ndi yopindulitsa idawonekera zaka zopitilira 50 zapitazo ndipo ndi imodzi mwazomera zamphesa zomwe zimakonda kwambiri. Kuti mupeze mbewu yokhazikika, njira zothandizira pokhazikika kuchokera ku tizirombo ndi matenda timafunika.
  

  Mphesa zamtundu wa masamba ndi masango akulu ndi muscat wachifundo wowawasa

• Mpesa wam'mphesa wam'mapeto kwambiri Agadai umatha kupsa kokha kum'mwera kwa dziko lathu. Kukoma kwa zipatsozo ndi Mediocre, pang'ono tart; 300 g burashi zipatso ndizokwanira pazomwe mphesa izi. Koma uwu ndi mitundu yaposachedwa ya mphesa, yamtengo wapatali kwa yowutsa mudyo, wandiweyani wamkati ndi masango olimba, amatha kugona mosungirako pamtunda wa +5 +8 ^zaC ndipo musawonongeko kufikira masika. Zophatikiza zimakonzedwa kuchokera ku ufa wa ufa ndi khansa.
  

  Mitundu ya mphesa zoyera za Agadai imasungidwa bwino nthawi yonse yozizira

• Gome mphesa ku Italy zimacha mu Seputembala - Okutobala.Masamba oyera, ozungulira ali ndi kukoma kwa nutmeg, shuga - 21%, acidity - 6-7 g / l. Zamkati ndi yowutsa mudyo; peel nthawi zambiri imasweka. Kulemera kwa gulu la mitundu Italy ndi 1200 g. Dulani mphesa iyi kwa maso a 10-12. Wodziwika ndi matenda ochepa.
  

  Fungo la muscat-zipatso - chidwi cha mitundu ya mphesa ku Italy

Gome: Mitundu ya mphesa mochedwa ndikulongosola ndi mawonekedwe

Kanema: Mitundu ya mphesa yaposachedwa

Mphesa zabwino kwambiri za tebulo zokulira m'magawo

Zosiyanasiyana madera amasiyanitsidwa ndi kukhwima ndi kuzizira kwa chisanu, kukana chilala ndi zofunikira zadothi. Mitundu yosankhidwa bwino molingana ndi kukula kwa mawonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe a chomeracho amakupatsani mwayi kuti mukolole zokolola zanu ndikuzisunga kupitilira chaka chimodzi.

Mitundu ya mphesa pakukula m'matawuni ndi St.

Mitundu yabwino kwambiri yamphesa yam'mphepete mwa dera la Moscow imapirira matalala ndipo siowonongeka ndi Powoyuka. Kwenikweni, awa ndi ma hybr omwe amakula mosavuta pa loams ndi dothi lolemera, safunidwa pa boma lotentha:

• Mphatso ya Aleshenkin
• Helios,
• Bogatyanovsky,
• Korinka Russian
• Libya
• Kusintha
• Muromets,
• Moscow wakuda
• Nyengo,
• Julian
• Kugogoda.

Kanema: Mitundu yabwino kwambiri ya m'chigawo cha Moscow

Mitundu ya mphesa za tebulo zokulira ku Siberia

Mitundu yamphepo yoyambirira yozizira-yosakhwima imalekerera kusinthasintha kwa kutentha kwa nyengo munyengo yotentha ndipo imakhala ndi nyengo yochepa yophukira - nthawi yakucha siyidutsa masiku 100. Mitunduyi imaphatikizapo:

• Kukondwerera
• Riddle of Sharov,
• Kodryanka,
• Moldova
• Kukongola Kumpoto
• Russian koyambirira
• Rusoven, Muromets.

Kanema: mphesa ku Siberia

Mphesa zokulira ku Belarus

Mitundu ya mphesa za tebulo chifukwa cha nyengo yotentha ya Belarus ndiyabwino ndi nyengo zosiyanasiyana zakupsa:

• Arcadia
• Codryanka;
• Chasla choyera;
• Kukondwerera
• Kishmish 342;
• Nadezhda Azos;
• Malingaliro
• Gala
• Wopanga;
• Odessa souvenir.

Kanema: mphesa zapamwamba ku Belarus

Tebulo mitundu ya mphesa zokulira ku Ukraine

Zophatikiza zoyenera kukula ku Ukraine zimatha kukhazikika ngakhale kumapeto kwa Okutobala. Kummwera, kotentha kum'mwera chakum'mawa ndi kumadzulo kwa Ukraine kumakupatsani mwayi wopeza mphesa zosachepera mitundu yosiyanasiyana:

• koyambirira:
  • Zoreva;
  • Libya
  • Mphatso ya Opanda Kuunikidwa;
  • Jupita
  • Tukay;
• wapakatikati:
  • Annushka
  • Kadinala;
  • Harold;
  • Agate Don;
  • Lowland;
  • Chitumbuwa chakuda;
• pambuyo pake:
  • Hercules;
  • Italy
  • Prikubansky;
  • Wodala.

Ndemanga zokonda kwambiri

Kwa ine pandekha, mitundu Velika ndi Monarch ndi muyezo wa mphesa kukula kwake, kulawa, kuwonetsa, kupereka. Chilichonse ndichabwino pano! Kutengera ndi nthawi ya nyengo, ndili ndi zokonda zanga zomwe sindingathe kukana, kuti ndisadye ndipo sindingathe kudandaula: GF Mphatso Nesvetaya, GF Super-extra, GF Lily wa m'chigwa (mukafuna kuluma muscat, mitundu Velika ndi Monarch, zoumba za Kishteil ndi Zolotze pano zonse zati ndi mphotho zingapo paziwonetsero zambiri, ndipo Zolotze sakanapambananso, koma zimakhwimitsa mochedwa kuposa zochitika zonsezi.

Fursa Irina Ivanovna Cossack yaulere, Krasnodar Territory

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Ndikuwonjezerapo mndandanda uwu Mphatso Zaporizhia (kukoma kosavuta, koma mitundu yodalirika), The New Zaporizhia, Nadezhda Azos, Kishmish 342 (monga pollinator ndi mphesa zokoma chabe), Tason (wolemba maluwa wamkulu + wotsutsa + wamphamvu - wabwino kwambiri kwa gazebo) Chaka chino ndimakonda kwambiri Atlant * Timur, Richelieu, tsopano ndimakonda kudya Kesha wofiira, wokondweretsa ndi Muscat woyambirira, Ubwenzi, White muscat, zidzukulu zanga zimakonda Kadinala, ndipo mpongozi wanga wamwamuna anati pali mtundu umodzi wamphesa wamba - Libya.

Evgenia Ivanovna, Rostov

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Ndimaona mitundu yoyera kukhala yosangalatsa kwambiri, mwachitsanzo, Aleshenkin, Arkady, White Muscat - iyi ndi nyimbo yosiyana, fungo ndi kukoma kwake sizili pamtunda, ngakhale sizimabala zipatso zambiri. Mitundu yapinki yachedwa kucha, yokhala ndi khungu lonenepa, chaka chatha sikunakhwime. Buluu ndi Codrianka wabwino, Present of Moldova yachedwa kucha, koma apongozi awo agona m'chipinda chapansi mpaka February, kapena ngakhale Marichi. Chifukwa chake timakhala ndi vinyo ndi zipatso. Chaka chatha sizinachite bwino mphesa, zimayenda pambuyo pake, kunali mvula yambiri, ngakhale mitundu yolimbikira idakhudzidwa ndi khosi, dzuwa silinali lokwanira ndipo nthawi yophukira idayamba molawirira. Koma olima dimba alimi anali ndi mbewu, ngakhale m'malo otere. Chilichonse chimabwera ndi zokumana nazo.

MAGRI, Belgorod

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Mphesa zotsekemera zomwe zili patebulo lokondweretsa zimakondweretsa omvera onse: masango akuluakulu opanda zipatso zakuda kapena mabulashi okwanira azizungu - mitundu yambiri ya mphesa imatha kudyedwa mwachindunji kuchokera kunthambi, imasunga chiwonetsero chawo kwa nthawi yayitali ndikuthandizira mbale zapamwamba. Kukonda kwapadera kwa ma bebrbrbrbrids apeza ulemu ndi chikondi kuchokera kwa wamaluwa ndi ma connoisseurs a zipatso zamphesa. Bulosi wokoma ndi wathanzi uyu ndiwotani mnzake wokongoletsa patebulo.