Ng'ombe ya chaka ndi chaka imakhala yotchuka kwambiri ndi amaluwa athu, ndipo pang'onopang'ono zimayenda kuchokera kummwera kupita kumpoto.
Tsopano pali kuchuluka kwa nyengo yozizira-yolimba ya shrub yodabwitsa kwambiri.
M'nkhaniyi muphunzira momwe mungamere chomera chotchedwa "camellia".
Zotsatira zofika
Anthu ambiri amakumana ndi vuto pamene kulima munda wa Camellia - shrub sichita pachimake, imathyola masamba ake, kenako imauma. 
Ena amanena kuti sakufunikira chisamaliro chapadera ndipo amakula bwino. Tidzazindikira malamulo odzala ndi kusamalira zomera.
Mukudziwa? Kulongosola koyamba kwa camellia kunapangidwa m'zaka za zana la 17 ndi katswiri wina wamaphunziro a azamayi wa Yesuit Georgy Joseph Camellus, yemwe anabweretsa chomera ichi ku Ulaya kuchokera kuzilumba za Philippines ku 1738. Karl Linney adatcha kamellia iyi yamaluwa kuti alemekezedwe ndi Yesuit Camellus.
Nthawi yobzala duwa m'munda
Chomerachi chimafuna feteleza ochepa kwambiri, chifukwa nthawi yachangu imakula kuyambira April mpaka kumapeto kwa July. Camellias amafesedwa makamaka kumapeto kwa nyengo kuti maluwa akhale ndi nthawi yokwanira "kuimirira." Zitsamba zomwe zinabzalidwa m'munda mu March-April zimapatsidwa feteleza kamodzi, zomwe zimagwiritsidwanso ntchito kwa rhododendrons.
Zaka zinayi zoyambirira zimalimbikitsa kukula kwa camellias mu miphika. Ndipo zomera zathanzi zoposa zaka 4, zowoneka bwino, zimatha kubzalidwa pansi. 
Kuunikira ndi kusankhidwa kwa malo
Malo otsetsereka ayenera kukhala mumthunzi nthawi zambiri, osati pansi. Dzuwa lotentha m'chilimwe lingatenthe masamba a duwa, m'nyengo yozizira kwambiri ndilo dzuwa la m'mawa, chitsamba chimadwala chifukwa chosowa chinyezi ngati dothi liri lozizira. Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti mukadzala chitsamba m'malo amdima, sipadzakhala masamba pang'ono.
Malo olowera ndi ofunikira mphepomonga mphepo yamkuntho ikhoza kuumitsa korona wobiriwira. Malo oterowo ndi abwino kupatula mpanda kapena khoma. Ndifunikanso kusankha nthaka yabwino. Nthaka yoyera ya dothi ndi nthaka ya mchenga sizitsutsa. Kusakaniza kopambana ndi nthaka ya rhododendron. Nthaka yosavuta, yobiriwira bwino imakhala yabwino, monga chomera sichimavomereza zouma kapena zowonongeka nthaka kuchokera mu nthaka yovunda ya camellias.
Kubzala mtengo wa camellia
Kukula chitsamba chamamera chamamera, muyenera kutsatira malamulo pamene mubzala. Tiyeni tiwaganizire. 
Kukonzekera ndi kubzala dzenje
Yabwino kwambiri chodzala camellia kuti igwiritse ntchito malo okonzekaAnagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga azaleas, rhododendrons. Nthakayi ili ndi perlite, peat, mchenga, vermiculite ndi makungwa a pansi.
Mutha kupanga nthaka yosakaniza. Kuti muchite izi, tengani tsamba limodzi lamasamba, 1 coniferous gawo, 1 peat gawo ndi 0.5 mchenga. Ndikofunika kukumbukira kuti gawolo liyenera kukhala losavuta, komanso lopanda madzi komanso lopanda mphamvu. Ngati atachita bwino, madzi a m'madzi saopseza zomera.
Mukudziwa? Mitundu ina ya camellias imagwiritsidwa ntchito pa perfumery. Mwachitsanzo, Camellia eugenolum ili ndi 97% ya eugenol, yomwe ili ndi fungo lamphamvu la cloves.
Mitengo iyi sayenera kubzalidwa mozama. Fufuzani mosamala mbewuyo musanadzalemo: pakati pa thunthu ndi mizu ndi mzere wa mizu, womwe sungakhoze kuphimbidwa ndi dothi. Bwezerani maluwa awa akulimbikitsidwa kuyambira nthawi ya November mpaka oyambirira a March, pamene akupumula. Mu zomera zimenezi nthawi ziwiri maluwa: Kuyambira kumayambiriro kwa April mpaka kumayambiriro kwa mwezi wa May, ndipo kuyambira oyambirira a July mpaka m'dzinja.
Hydrangea ndi peony ali ndi mawonekedwe a mtengo.
Kulowera
Camellia si chomera chovuta kwambiri, ndipo palibe mtundu wina wobzala. Maluwa awa akhoza kubzalidwa okha, mukhoza kuwonjezera kumunda wamaluwa ndi zitsamba zina ndi maluwa, mungathe kupanga mpanda. Chifukwa chakuti duwa limakula mofulumira ndipo lili ndi nthambi zowonjezera ndi zowonjezereka, mpanda udzakhala wokongola kwambiri. 
Zomwe muyenera kudziwa zokhudza kusamalira mbewu
Ngakhale mosavuta, kamera kamene kamakula m'munda chisamaliro chapadera. Chitsamba chomera m'munda chikufuna mtundu ndi madzi omwe amagwiritsa ntchito ulimi wothirira. Maluwa salola kuti madzi asakanike ndi mandimu, mvula komanso madzi otentha kwambiri. Gwiritsani madzi kwa masiku angapo kuti mumwe madzi.
Ndikofunikira! Camellias imatuluka pachimake nyengo, ndiko kuti, kuyambira chiyambi cha November mpaka mwezi wa February.
Kuthirira ndi kudyetsa
Pa kuthirira kwa shrub ndikofunika kuonetsetsa kuti palibe madzi ogunda pa maluwa kapena masamba a munda wa camellia. M'nyengo yotentha, kuthirira kumachitika nthawi zonse komanso kumakhala madzi ambiri. Ndikofunika kuthirira chitsamba ndi m'nyengo yozizira, koma madzi ochepa. Njira iyi ya chisamaliro pamene mukukula zomera bwino imalimbikitsa maonekedwe a masamba.
Kupaka zovala kumakhala koyenera komanso koyenera, makamaka ndikofunikira kumapeto kwa nyengo, pamene mphukira zatsopano zimapangidwa ndipo kukula kumayamba. Nkofunika kuti manyowa amathera mpaka kumapeto kwa chilimwe, osachepera kawiri pamwezi. Chinthu chofunika kukumbukira ndi chakuti mizu yaikulu ya chitsamba sichifuna feteleza, kotero ndikofunika kuti musayambe kuisunga. Manyowa pokhapokha mutatha kuthirira.
Monga feteleza amagwiritsira ntchito feteleza zamchere ndi zinthu zamtundu, zomwe zimapezeka m'masitolo apadera. Nyengo ya chilimwe isanayambe, palibe chifukwa chokhalira zitsamba, chifukwa panthawiyi masamba atsopano amapangidwa. Ngati mutagwiritsa ntchito feteleza mu kugwa, chitsamba chidzakula pa nthawi yosafunika yomwe iyenera kupuma. Pankhaniyi, chitsambachi chimatha kuzizira. 
Kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza ntchito feteleza wapaderazomwe zimapangidwira zomera za nthaka yowonongeka, zimatha kugwiritsira ntchito sungunuka zovuta feteleza (phosphorous, nayitrogeni, sulfuri, potaziyamu) ndi zizindikiro (manganese, chitsulo, nthaka, molybdenum, mkuwa, boron). Magnesium ndi calcium siziyenera kupanga, monga zili kale mu madzi a pompopu. Mapamwamba awo amawonjezera acidity m'nthaka. Chovala chokongoletsa ndi bwino kuchepera kawiri kuposa momwe chimatchulidwira feteleza.
Ndikofunikira! Ngati kamera imakula mu miphika, imatha kusinthira kapena kutembenuzidwa panthawi yamapiri, mwinamwake masambawo akhoza kutha.
Malamulo a kudulira mitengo ndi korona
Mtengo wamaluwa camellia ndi wodzichepetsa shrub pa kudulira nthambi, koma sikumapweteka kudulira nthambi pambuyo pa mapeto a maluwa. Shrub atadula mitengo yolemera idzafuna chisamaliro chapadera - kuthirira mobwerezabwereza ndi kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa kudzapereka chomera chokhudzidwa ndi msinkhu wokwanira wa chinyezi. 
Kutentha ndi kuzizira chitsamba
Kubwezeretsanso makope ang'onoang'ono amafunika chaka ndi chaka. Ngati shrub ikuphulika chaka chilichonse, zikutanthauza kuti zaka ziwiri zilizonse zimayenera kuika. Izi ziyenera kuchitika kumapeto kwa nyengo, panthawi imodzimodziyo. Nthaka ya zitsamba zoyenera ma asidi ndi pH mlingo wa 4.5 mpaka 5 - izi zikhoza kukula mu dothi ndi pH ya 4 ndi pansi pa camellia zimasiyana ndi zomera zina zambiri zakutchire.
Ngati mukufuna kukongoletsa malo anu ndi zitsamba zamaluwa, pitani hydrangea, kerriya, forsythia, deutzia, chubushnik, myricaria, honeysuckle, spiraea.
Mmene camellia amathamangira
Mtengo wa Camellia umachulukana m'njira zikuluzikulu ziwiri:
- Ndi chithandizo cha atsopano mbewu. Amafesedwa mabokosi, mu gawo la 2 asiya mbande. Mukhozanso kubzala mwamsanga m'makina osiyana ndi mamita asanu ndi awiri mpaka asanu ndi awiri mmenti imodzi. Komabe, ziyenera kukumbukiridwa kuti chitsamba chimakula m'njira yotere kuchokera ku mbewu chidzataya mkhalidwe wake.
- Varietal baka amalengeza zokha vegetatively. Kuti mukhale ndi zomera muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito mitengo yodula. Amadulidwa kuchokera pamwamba pa chomera kuti masamba 3-5 asungidwe (cuttings ayenera kukhala pafupifupi masentimita 7). Ndikofunika kudula mphukira mu July ndi Januwale. Amazika mizu, monga lamulo, mkati mwa masiku 50. Gawo la cuttings liyenera kutengedwa ngati mawonekedwe a pH 4.5-5.0 nthaka ndi mchenga kuchuluka kwa 1: 1, nthaka ndi masamba ndi peat ziyenera kutengedwa mu magawo awiri. Musaiwale kumwa madzi, kupopera ndi kuteteza zitsanzo zochokera ku dzuwa. Cuttings kwa chaka chachiwiri kapena chaka chachitatu cha kukula chikuyenera kuchitidwa mu zida zazikulu.
Mukudziwa? Camellia ndi wa banja la tiyi. Tiyi tonse timamwa imatchedwanso "camellia chinese" (Camellia sinensis). Ndipo camellias yokongoletsa kwambiri ndi Japanese.
Matenda ndi tizirombo za duwa
Ndibwino kuti muzisamalira kamelala, tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndi matenda nthawi zambiri sizimakhudza izo ndipo sizingakhale zoopsa. Ngati chisamaliro sichikwanira, chomeracho chingasokonezedwe ndi nsabwe za m'masamba, nthata zamagulu, kapena matenda a fungal. Tiyeni tione momwe tingagwirire ndi tizirombo.
Ngati mawanga akutuwa ndi / kapena mawanga a bulauni amaonekera pamagulu a chitsamba (ngati chotupacho chili cholimba, masambawo akhoza kugwa), izi zimayambitsa matenda enaake. Mmerawo ukhoza kuchiritsidwa ndi fungicides, koma ndi bwino kuchotsa chomeracho kwathunthu.
Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti kuchuluka kwa chinyezi cha nthaka kumabweretsa kuti mizu imayenda.
Komanso, duwa likhoza kulandira kachilombo koyambitsa matenda a nkhaka. Ndi nthendayi, mitsempha ya masamba imakhala yonyezimira. Ndikofunika kulimbana ndi HIV iyi mothandizidwa ndi mankhwala a Aktara ndi Actellic. 
Nthawi zina nsabwe za m'masamba ndi yamatcheri amakula pammera, zomwe zimadya masamba a masamba, komanso zimatulutsa phala. Zosungira zoumba zimayamba kukula pamagulu amenewa. Mungathe kulimbana ndi tizirombozi ndi mowa (swath ya cotoni imayikidwa mu mowa ndi kuchiritsidwa ndi chomera) kapena ndi tizilombo todabwitsa.
Amachotsanso nsabwe za m'masamba mothandizidwa ndi sopo, yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kusamba. Mukhoza kutsuka ndi kupanikizika pang'ono. Ntchito yaikulu ndikusamba nsabwe za m'masamba. Ngati chomeracho chikukhudzidwa ndi nsabwe za m'masamba, ndiye kuti chithandizo chiyenera kuyambika mwamsanga, chifukwa maluwawo angathe kuuma.
Choopsa kwambiri kwa camellia ndi kangaude. Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, monga aphid, mwamsanga imapha camellia, kotero muyenera kuyankha mofulumira. Pofuna kuchotsa nkhupakupa, amagwiritsira ntchito njira yothetsera mafuta, yomwe ingagulitsidwe m'masitolo apadera. Pothandizidwa ndi njira zoterozo kangaude amatsukidwa kumbali ya shrub.
Chomeracho chingathenso kuvutika chifukwa cha chisamaliro chosayenera:
- Ngati nthaka yayamba - masambawo amayamba kugwa, ndipo masamba amasanduka bulauni;
- Ngati chomeracho chili ndi dzuwa - mawanga a bulauni amapangidwa pa masamba;
- ngati maluwawo alibe madzi kapena nthaka yayuma, imagwetsa masamba.
Kotero, tidziwa malamulo a chisamaliro, kubereka komanso kubzala kwa camellia. Ntchito yaikulu ya wolima minda ndi kuonetsetsa kusamalira bwino mbewu, ndipo idzakusangalatsani ndi korona wokongola komanso maluwa ambiri.
