Chiyambi cha autumn - chimake cha zokolola za bowa. Panthawiyi, aliyense wokonda mankhwalawa amapita ku nkhalango kuti akasonkhanitse dengu lonse la bowa ndi kuwakonzekera m'nyengo yozizira. Ndipo apa akuyamba mavuto oyambirira omwe akugwirizanitsidwa ndi momwe mungasiyanitse bowa wodyetsedwa kuchokera ku bowa losakwanira - kuti musasokonezeke, muyenera kudziwa chomwe mitundu iliyonse ikuwoneka komanso nthawi yokolola. Kuti timvetse izi tithandizire nkhani yathu.
Bowa Chodyera
Bowa wokhala ndi mitundu yambirimbiri. Tidzawuza za ena okha - omwe amakula m'maganizo athu komanso otchuka kwambiri.
Bowa wonyezimira
Kutchedwa bowa ndi pakati pa otchuka kwambiri. Amatchedwanso boletus kapena woyera. Amagawanika m'nkhalango kumene kuli spruce, pine, thundu, birch, ndipo nthaka ili ndi moss kapena bodza. Boletus yakupsa ili ndi kapu yofanana ndi kukula kwa 7 mpaka 30 cm.
Pali zitsanzo zomwe zili ndi kapu ya pafupifupi 50 cm. Ndizogwiritsidwa ntchito, ndipo anthu okalamba ndizodzikongoletsera ndi nkhope yosalala kapena yovunda. Ngati nyengo idauma kwa nthawi yaitali, chipewacho chikhoza kutha. Panthawi ino, imakhala matte kapena yowala. Ndi kuchuluka kwa chinyezi pang'ono chophimbidwa ndi ntchentche.
Tikukudziwitsani kuti mudziwe bwino zomwe zimapangidwa ndi nkhumba za porcini komanso momwe mungakonzekerere bowa la porcini m'nyengo yozizira.
Mtundu wa bowa, kapena kani, kapu yake, umadalira mtengo umene umamera pansi pake. Choncho, pansi pa oak ndi hazelnut kapena msuzi wamtengo wapatali, pansi pa mtengo wa pine ndi wofiirira (bulauni), ndipo nthawi zambiri pansi pa aspen ndi birch ndiwonyezimira ndi reddish tinge.
Mtunduwu sungakhale wunifolomu (m'mphepete mwawo ndi kuwala pang'ono, kapena mphutsi yopyapyala imawoneka yoyera kapena yachikasu tinge). Khungu ndi lovuta kusiyanitsa ndi yowutsa mudyo, zofewa zamkati (zofunikira) zoyera. M'kupita kwa nthawi, mtundu wa zolembazo umasintha: umakhala ndi utoto wachikasu, ulusi amawoneka mu kapangidwe kameneko. Fungo lake ndi kukoma kwake ndizosangalatsa.
Chipewa chimapitirira mwendo wautali, 8-25 masentimita (nthawi zambiri sichiposa 12 cm). Kuzungulira kwa miyendo pafupifupi masentimita 7. Nthawi zina iwo amakhala oposa masentimita 10 ndi zina zambiri. Maonekedwewo amafanana ndi mbiya kapena mace. Mu wamkulu borovik nthawi zambiri amatenga kamangidwe kamene kalikonse kapena kuwonjezera / kumachepetsa pakati.
Video: momwe angapewere bowa woyera Kungakhale koyera, kofiira, kawirikawiri kofiira kapena mithunzi yochepa kuposa kapu. Mbali ya kunja kwa mwendo imadzala ndi zoyera kapena zowala pang'ono kusiyana ndi mzere wa mitsempha ya mimba - kawirikawiri amawonekera kumtunda.
Nthawi yokolola yamakono kumpoto kwa malo ozizira amatha pakatikati pa mwezi wa June mpaka kumapeto kwa September. Chimake chokolola ndi theka lachiwiri la mwezi wa August. M'madera otentha mungapeze bowa m'mwezi wa May ndi mwezi wa Oktoba. Bowa wonyezimira akhoza kukazinga, wophika, wouma, marinated. Manyowa owuma amatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati kuvala.
Ndikofunikira! Boletus amasungira mtundu atayanika ndipo amapeza chisangalalo chapadera.
White sub
Mdima woyera kapena wouma ndi wa mtundu wa Syroezhek. Zikuwonekera pamphepete mwa mitundu yonse yaikulu ya nkhalango za Eurasian continent. Kawirikawiri limakula pafupi ndi birch, thundu, beech, spruce, pine, aspen. Munthu wamkulu podgazdki ali ndi kapu yomwe ili ndi masentimita 5 mpaka 18. 
Zinyama zazing'ono, zimakhala zowonongeka, kenako zimakhala zogwirizana ndi mthunzi. Chingwe chake chapansi ndi choyera, nthawi zina chophimbidwa ndi mawanga achikasu kapena ofiira. Popanda chinyezi, kapu imatha. Ma mbalewo amapezeka kawirikawiri, amitundu yofiirira, pafupi ndi kumapeto amapeza kuwala kobiriwira.
Msolo ndi waufupi, masentimita awiri ndi awiri, m'lifupi - 1,5-3 masentimita, ndi wopepuka mmwamba. Yavumbulutsidwa yoyera, nthawi zina ndi mabala a bulauni, ikhoza kukhala ndi nsalu ya bluish pafupi ndi kapu. Mkati wamkati ndi wandiweyani, woyera: mu zipatso zazing'ono zokhala ndi fungo lopweteka, mwa anthu akale omwe ali ndi nsomba za nsomba. Zimakondweretsa bland.
Bowa amagwiritsidwa ntchito patatha mphindi 15-20. Kotero kuti kukoma kwa podruzhdka kunali bwino, kuyenera kuthiridwa mchere panthawi yophika. Komanso, bowa ikhoza kuswedwa, kuzifota kapena zouma. Nthawi yokolola - August - October.
Video: podgruzdok yoyera
Valui
Amatchedwanso ng'ombe, bowa plakun, nkhumba ya nkhumba, nsomba yaing'ono, nsomba, cubar, kamera, bogger, ng'ombe yamphongo. Imafuna nkhalango zowonongeka komanso zowonongeka za dziko lathu, zimakondanso nkhalango za birch.
Zingakhale zothandiza kwa inu kuti mudziwe zambiri za bowa zotere monga boletus, volnushki, mvula, mvuu, mbuzi, bowa, aspen bowa, morels, russules, ndi bowa.
Kawirikawiri, chipewa ndi 8-12 masentimita awiri, nthawi zina chimadutsa 15. Ndi chikasu kapena chikasu chikasu, nkhope ndi yowala ndi yopepuka. Mmene kapu ya nyama zikuluzikulu zimakhalira pang'onopang'ono zimasandulika kukhala pogona, ndizitsulo zochepa pakati ndi zooneka bwino m'mphepete mwake.
Mbali ya mkati mwa bowa ndi yoyera, yofooka, imayamba kudima mlengalenga ndikukhala bulauni - imakonda kwambiri ndi yotentha, exudes fungo lofanana ndi fungo la mafuta owonongeka. 
Mtundu wa Leg Valuya, ngati mawonekedwe a mbiya kapena mbiya. Kutalika kwake ndi masentimita 6-12, makulidwe ake ndi pafupifupi 3. Kawirikawiri amakhala ndi mabala a bulauni, nthawi zambiri pansipa, mu bowa wokhwima ndi osalimba ndi osasuka.
Kumadzulo, Valui amatchedwa bowa wosadziwika. M'dera lathu, amaonedwa kuti ndibwino kudya. Kaŵirikaŵiri amchere, nthawi zina amathothoka, akhoza kudyedwa yophika. Msuzi ndi mtengo uyenera kugwirizanitsidwa.
Ndikofunikira! Musanayambe salting bowa ayenera kuthiridwa kapena yophika ndi kusungunuka. Njirayi imathandiza kuchotsa mkwiyo. Ndibwino kukolola atsikana omwe ali ndi chipewa chosowa.
Bowa wa Oyster
Bowa wa oyster, oyster, oyster kapena oyster ndi bowa lalikulu kwambiri lomwe lili ndi chipewa chokhala ndi masentimita 5 mpaka 15, nthawi zina mpaka masentimita 30. M'ndondomeko, kapu ikufanana ndi mapepala ozungulira. Patapita kanthawi, m'mphepete mwake mumatembenuka ndikukhala wolimba. Chombo chaching'ono cha nyama zinyama pang'onopang'ono chinasandulika kukhala chophweka ndi chosemedwa. 
Tikukulangizani kuti mudziwe njira zowonjezera bowa wa oyster kunyumba ndi matumba, komanso njira zozizira ndi kuyanika bowa wa oyster.
Pansi pake ndi yosalala, yofiira, ikhoza kukhala yonyansa. Mtundu umasintha kuchokera ku mdima wofiirira kapena wofiirira mpaka utsi wambiri ndi utoto wofiira pamene bowa umayamba kukula. Kukhazikika kwa mtundu kumakhalanso kochepa, ndipo kapu imakhala yoyera, yofiira kapena yachikasu.
Chifukwa chakuti bowa imakula pa mitengo kapena stumps, mwendo wake ndi waufupi, masentimita 2-5 kutalika. Pa nthawi imodzimodziyo, ndi wandiweyani, wolimba, wamakono. Amamera pambali pa kapu kapena amachoka pakati pazoyera, zojambula zoyera. Kuchokera pamwamba ndi kosalala, kuchokera pansi pang'ono kumverera.
Mnyamata, nkhaniyi ndi yoyera, yotsekemera komanso yamadzi. Pamene bowa limakula, limakhala lolimba, lopangika. Fungo lake ndi losaoneka bwino, kukoma kwake kumakhala kosangalatsa, ndi manotsi. 
Bowa wa oyster umakula pamitengo youma kapena kufooka mitengo yamtengo wapatali (oak, birch, phiri ash, aspen, msondodzi). Nthawi yokolola imakhala yozizira, m'madera ena bowa samatha mpaka December.
Zimatengedwa kuti ndi zakudya zokha chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa ma calories komanso zakudya zambiri. Idyani kokha makapu a bowa aang'ono, chifukwa miyendo ndi yovuta. Amaphika, yokazinga ndi zouma.
Wolf
The Wolf Cub amadziwika kuti volnyanka, Volzhanka, volvenka, volvynitsa, volminka, wave, rubella, dyeing, wiritsani. Amamera m'nkhalango zonse kumene kuli birch, kupanga mycorrhiza ndi mtengo.
Chipewacho chili ndi masentimita 4-12. Poyamba zimakhala zovuta, kenako zimakhala zosalala, ndipo zolembera zimawonekera pakati, pamapeto pake nthawi zonse zimakhala zotsalira. Pamwamba pa kapu muli ndi villi yolimba, kukula kwa magulu ozungulira, khungu limakhala pang'ono. 
Mtundu wa kapu ndi wobiriwira-pinki, njerwa-pinki, wakuda pakatikati kuposa pamphepete. Popanda chinyezi, kapu imakhala yofiira, nthawi zina pafupifupi yoyera.
Mkati mwa mkati mwa thupi la chipatso ndi minofu, yoyera. Pafupi ndi khungu pali pinkish tinge, ndi kukhwa kwa mwendo. Bowawa sakhala ndi fungo ayi, koma kukoma kwake kumakhala kosalala, ndipo sikutembenuza mtundu wina kumlengalenga.
Mukudziwa? Chifukwa cha mphepo, madzi ngati madzi amadzimadzi amadziwika. Amapatsidwa makamaka kuchokera ku mbale ndi kapu. Icho chikuwononga ndipo sichimasintha mtundu wake woyera pa kukhudzana ndi mpweya.
Msuzi wa Volnyanka ndi woonda komanso waufupi, koma wolimba. Kutalika, ndi masentimita 3-6 ndi diameter 1-2 masentimita, zojambula mu pinki. Pamene bowa limakula, chimango chimapezeka mkati mwa mwendo wake, mwendo womwewo umapita kumunsi, ndipo mtundu wake umasintha ku pinki yotumbululuka.
Video: bowa la volushka Kunja, muli ndi villi yaing'ono, nthawi zina imakhala m'mabowo, makwinya. Ndi nthawi yosonkhanitsa mphepo: kutha kwa June - October. Pali nsonga zingapo zokolola: masiku otsiriza a Julayi, kutha kwa August - masiku oyambirira a September. Mankhwalawa ndi a bowa omwe amapezeka moyenera: akhoza kuthira mchere ndi kuzifota.
Momwemonso, bowa ang'onoang'ono ndi abwino kwambiri, omwe chipewa chake sichiposa 3-4 masentimita. Asanakolole mvula yamaluwa m'nyengo yozizira, iyenera kuthiridwa bwino ndi blanched. Mankhwala amchere amatha kudyedwa pambuyo pa masiku 45-50.
Boma lenileni
Bowa uwu amatchedwa gruzdem - woyera, wakuda kapena wothira. Amamera m'nkhalango zonse kumene kuli mabichi: amapezeka kumpoto kwa Russia, Belarus, dera la Volga, m'matauni, ndi kumadzulo kwa Siberia. Sikovuta kupeza dummy - imabisala pansi pa masamba ogwa. 
Chingwe chokhala ndi phokoso chokhala ndi phokoso pa nthawi chimasintha n'kukhala ngati mapiri, m'mphepete mwake mumatsitsimula. Ndiyitali mwake ndi masentimita 5-20. Chikopa chakunja cha kapu ndi khungu lachikasu loyera kapena la chikasu lokhala ndi malo osasamala.
Tikukulimbikitsani kuti muwerenge za mtundu wa bowa zomwe ziripo, zomwe zimathandiza bowa komanso momwe mungakolole ndikukolola katundu wakuda, aspen ndi woyera.
Sungani kapu pachigono chaching'ono cha mtundu woyera kapena wachikasu. Kutalika kwa mamita 3-7 masentimita, madigiri - 2-5. Kunja kuli kosalala, koma kungakhale ndi madontho achikasu kapena maenje. Mnofu ndi madzi a mandimu ndi zoyera, kusunkhira fungo la zipatso. Kukoma kwa zamkati ndi lakuthwa, ndi madzi - mvula. Kuyankhulana ndi mpweya, madzi amasintha mtundu wa gray-yellow.
M'madera ozizira amasonkhanitsa mkaka kuchokera mwezi wachiwiri wa chilimwe mpaka mwezi woyamba wa autumn. Kumadera akum'mwera - kuyambira August mpaka September. Nkhumba zimayamba kukulirakulira pamene kutentha kwa tsiku ndi tsiku pamtunda wa dziko lapansi kufika pa 8-10 ° C - panthawiyi chimake cha zokolola zake. 
Bowa wamkaka ndi a bowa odyetsedwa bwino, choncho ayenera kuthiridwa kaye asanamwe, kuti uwakhumudwitse, pambuyo pake kuti ukhoza kuthiridwa mchere. Okonzeka kudya pambuyo pa masiku 40-50.
Mvula yaikulu
Dzina lachiwiri la bowa - chimphona chachikulu. Zikuwoneka ngati mpira woyera kapena dzira lolemera pafupifupi masentimita 50. M'kupita kwa nthawi, mtundu wake umasintha kukhala wachikasu ndi wofiirira, ndipo umathyoka.
Peel imatha, kuwonetsa mkati mwa mtundu woyera, umene umasanduka wachikasu ndi wobiriwira, ukhoza kutenga mthunzi wa azitona. Pali mvula yam'mvula m'dzinja m'mphepete mwa nkhalango zowonongeka, m'minda, m'minda, m'minda.
Golovach wamng'ono yekha ndi woyenera kugwiritsa ntchito, pamene thupi lake silinasinthe mtundu. Mungathe kudya mwatsopano, mutatha kuchizira kanthawi kochepa, koma mukhoza kuumitsa, kudula mu zidutswa zochepa. The workpiece iyenera kusungidwa tsiku la kusonkhanitsa. 
Mukudziwa? Kalvacin, chinthu chokhala ndi mphamvu ya oncostatic, imachokera ku giant glanadel. Ndiponso, mankhwalawa amagwiritsidwa ntchito monga hemostatic.
Mbuzi
Nkhumba kapena lath ndi bowa wambiri womwe umafalikira m'nkhalango zamapine zomwe zimakhala zosalala, zowonjezera komanso zowuma. Amapezeka pamisewu ndi pamatumba. Mthunzi wa phokoso wamtunduwu ndi waukulu wa 3-12 masentimita ndi kukula kwa bowa pang'onopang'ono kusandulika kukhala pogona.
Zimamveka bwino komanso zogwira mtima. Pamene chinyezi sichikwanira, peel pa cap capters, ndipo pa chinyezi kwambiri amadzaza ndi kamasi. Mtundu wake ndi wofiira-bulauni, wachikasu-bulauni, wofiira-bulauni. Ndikovuta kwambiri kapena kosatheka kuchotsa khungu ku kapu.
Pansi pa khungu pali phokoso lalikulu, lokhazikika lotsekemera kapena lachikasu thupi, lomwe pang'onopang'ono limakhala mphira. M'kati mwa mwendo wofiira, wofiira kapena wofiirira. Mlengalenga, thupi limawombera kapena limatembenuka pinki, kukoma kwake sikutheka, kapena kununkhira pang'ono, kukoma kumakhala kofatsa. 
Kutalika kwala kwa masentimita 4-10 ndi width 1-2. Zowongoka, cylindrical, nthawi zina zokhoma kapena zochepetsedwa, zosalala mpaka kukhudza, matte. Mtundu womwewo monga kapu, kapena liwu lowala, pafupi ndi maziko a chikasu.
Nthawi yosonkhanitsa mwanayo ndi August-September. Ikhoza kudyedwa mwatsopano (pambuyo pa mphindi 15) yotentha, komanso mchere ndi kuzifota.
Chanterelle
Mtundu wa bowa wonyezimira, umene unalandira dzina lake lachilatini (cantharus). Zili zogwirizana ndi nkhalango za coniferous ndi zovuta.
Chanterelle thupi la thupi ndi minofu, yonyezimira kapena yofiira, kawirikawiri imakhala yoyera kapena imvi. Chophimba cha minofu chomwe chili ndi m'mphepete mwachangu chimadutsa mwendo wawufupi. Mbali yoyera kapena yachikasu mkati mwa thupi la zipatso ndi fungo lamoto la zipatso zouma mumlengalenga nthawi zambiri imapeza ubweya wabuluu. 
Mu mitundu ina, imakhala yofiira kapena sasintha mtundu konse. Mu mtundu wa chanterelles mulibe bowa woopsa, koma ali ndi mapasa ambiri owopsa kwa thupi lathu. Palinso chanterelle yonama, yomwe siidya. Sungani bowa m'chilimwe ndi m'dzinja pambuyo pa mvula yamvula. Ndi yokazinga, yophika, yamchere, youma ndi yozizira.
Tikukulimbikitsani kuti muwerenge za chanterelles komanso momwe mungapezere bowa wonyenga, ndiwothandiza bwanji, komanso momwe mungasamalire ndi kumanga chanterelles kunyumba.
Maslata
Oiler - mtundu wa bowa tubular, wotchulidwa motero chifukwa cha chotupa chowotcha komanso chowopsa. Chinthu chachikulu chimene chikuwasiyanitsa ndi genera chomwecho ndi khungu lomwe limakhala ndi ntchentche, yomwe imatha kuchotsedwa mosavuta, komanso mphete yomwe imachokera ku chipolopolo choteteza. Zilimbikitso ndi mitengo m'mapiri a coniferous a malo otentha a hemisphere.
Chophimba cha mafutawa chimakhala chophweka, chokhala ndi phokoso chophatikizika kapena chokongoletsera, chosasunthika, chokopa, ndi chocheperapo kukhudza. Mkati wamkati uli woyera kapena wachikasu. Mtundu wake umasintha kukhala wofiira kapena wofiira pochita zinthu ndi mpweya. 
Leg popanda mafuta cavity, homogeneous kapena grainy. Kuchokera pamwamba, pansi pa bonnet, pangakhale mphete pa iyo, yotsala kuchokera kumtete woteteza. Nthawi yokolola imakhala mu June-November. Butters amadyedwa mwa mtundu uliwonse, chinthu chachikulu ndichochotsa khungu ku kapu musanagwiritse ntchito.
Mokhovik
Mtundu wa bowa wakupha kuchokera mu dongosolo lomwelo monga boletus. Amakonda kukula pakati pa moss mumtambo wodula komanso wodula, chifukwa chake ali ndi dzina lawo. Amagawanika m'madera otentha a maulendo onse awiri.
Mokhovik ndi mawonekedwe osadziwika: kapu yake ndi hemispherical, pang'ono flattened, youma, pang'ono velvety, ndipo pa mkulu chinyezi izo zingakhale zowonongeka. Mu bowa wouka, amathyoka - thupi loyera, lachikasu kapena lofiira limawoneka kupyola ming'alu.
Mu mitundu yambiri ya zamoyo, zimakhala zamtundu wakuda ndi mlengalenga. Mitundu yambiri ili ndi mwendo wautali, woonda, ndi wolimba. Kunja, kungakhale kosalala kapena kosalala. 
Mokhovik amajambulidwa ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana: imvi-chikasu, chikasu, bulauni, chikasu, chikasu, bulauni. Sungani bowa kuyambira chilimwe mpaka autumn. Pafupifupi mitundu yonse ya boletus yophika, yokazinga, youma, yamchere komanso yophika.
Boletus
Gulu la mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya bowa la mtundu wa Lekcinum. Iwo amawoneka osadziwika, mu zingwe zoyera-bulauni. Kuchokera pa dzinali zikuonekeratu kuti boletus imakula kumene kuli birch.
Chipewa chawo chikuwoneka ngati chokwapulidwa ndi imvi, yofiirira kapena yofiira. Chigawo chake n'chochepa - kuyambira 4 mpaka 12 masentimita. Amakhala yaitali (mpaka masentimita 12) mwendo woonda woyera kapena woyera. Pamwamba pa tsinde muli ndi timapepala tating'onoting'onoting'ono tating'onoting'ono. 
Mkati wamkati uli wolimba, wovekedwa bwino. Kuyanjana ndi mpweya, monga lamulo, samasintha mtundu. Mitundu ina imatha kutembenukira pinki, kupita kubiriwira, kutembenuka wakuda. Nthawi yosonkhanitsira ya boletus ndi chilimwe-autumn. Kudya mwa mtundu uliwonse. Kawirikawiri wormy.
Boletus
Gulu lina la mitundu ya bowa la Lekcinum. Mosiyana ndi bowa la boletus, iwo amawonekeratu kutali kwambiri chifukwa cha chipewa chofiira-lalanje, mtundu wa masamba a autumn. Mwina chifukwa cha m'dzinja, ndipo mwina chifukwa cha kukula kwa aspens, bowa ali ndi dzina lawo.
Amapezeka m'nkhalango za Eurasian ndi kumpoto kwa America. Chophimba chowala cha bokosi la malalanje chikukhala mwamphamvu pamtunda waukulu (mpaka 22 cm). M'kupita kwa nthawi, chilengedwecho chimachokera pansi, ndipo chimachokera kumtunda, ndipo kapu imakhala ngati mthunzi. Khungu lake ndi louma, mobwerezabwereza velvet kapena kumverera. Kawirikawiri, khungu ndi lalikulu kuposa kapu ndipo limangoyenda pang'ono kumbali, limachotsedwa kwambiri. Mtundu ndi kapangidwe ka mwendo wa aspen ndi wofanana ndi wa boletus: umapangidwanso ndi mamba ang'onoang'ono, koma ochulukirapo, wochuluka ndi mawonekedwe ofanana ndi mace.
Сверху, под шляпкой, находится пористый слой шириной 1-3 сантиметра: на нем практически нет чешуек, и он отличается цветом от общего окраса ножки. Внутренний слой плодового тела мясистый, упругий, плотный, в ножке волокнистый. На воздухе синеет, после чернеет.
Находят подосиновики под елью, дубом, березой, буком, осиной, ивой, тополем. Сезон сбора урожая - с лета по осень. Kupanga bowa ndi bowa kwambiri, amatchulidwanso ma dietetic chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa kalori. Bowa ukhoza kutayidwa, yokazinga, yophika, yamchere, youma kapena yozizira.
Video: bowa amafuna bowa
Ndikofunikira! Kuti mbalame za aspen ziwononge mtundu wawo, zatha kuti zithetse peresenti ya asidi a citric.
Morel
Bowa wodyera umene ungapeze masika a m'nkhalango, mapaki, minda, makamaka ngati pamakhala moto zaka zitatu kapena zinayi zapitazo kumalo ano. Pozindikira bowa uwu, wosankha bowa wosadziŵa zambiri sangawone ngati akudya.
Ndipo sizosadabwitsa, chifukwa mawonekedwe ake sali okongola, ndipo mawonekedwewo amasiyana ndi bowa zina. Pa tsinde laling'ono limakhala ndi kapu yoboola pakati kapena yofanana ndi dzira, kapangidwe kake kamene kakufanana ndi siponji ya porous ya mtundu wonse wa bulauni. Chipewa chingakhale chachikulu kuposa mwendo kapena mosiyana.
Imakhala yolimba kwambiri pa tsinde lomwe ndi lovuta kwambiri kuti lilekanitse, kotero kuti morels amaphikidwa kwathunthu kapena kwathunthu kukhala zidutswa zing'onozing'ono. Amamva kukoma kwa madzi, kosautsa, koma osati momveka bwino. 
Mu zakudya zomwe amawonjezera pang'onopang'ono, zowonongeka kapena zouma ndikukhala phulusa. Kuphatikiza ndi mbale zambiri. Zosonkhanitsa zimasonkhanitsidwa kumapeto kwa nyengo yamvula mu nkhalango zowonongeka, m'madera okhala ndi laimu kapena dongo.
Russula
Mtundu wa bowa lamanga womwe umamera m'nkhalango zosakanikirana. Zinyama zing'onozing'ono, kapuyo ndi yozungulira, yozungulira kapena yofanana ndi belu. M'kupita kwa nthawi, imawonjezeka ndipo imakhala yosalala, yoboola, nthawi zina imatulutsa.
Mphepete mwake imatha kukulumikizidwa molunjika, pamzere kapena pamphepete. Mbali ya kapu ndi 4-10 masentimita. Kuchokera m'mwamba muli ndi khungu la mitundu yosiyanasiyana: zobiriwira, njerwa, pinki, zofiira, zofiira, zoyera, zachikasu. 
Tsinde ndi loyera kapena mtundu wa kapu, masentimita 3 mpaka 12 kutalika: ali wamng'ono, ndi wandiweyani komanso olimba, mu bowa wamkulu ndizopanda pake. Mkati wamkati uli woyera kapena ndi pinki tinge, ikhoza kukhala yowawa, yowawa, yamoto. Fungo lake ndi lofewa.
Mitundu yambiri ya russule imadya, koma aliyense ali ndi zophika zake: ndi imodzi yomwe mungathe kuchita, pomwe ena ali oyenera kupatula kapena kuyanika. Ngati thupi la russula likuwotcha, sizingatheke. Asonkhanitseni iwo mu chilimwe ndi autumn.
Mwinamwake mudzakhala ndi chidwi chowerenga za bowa omwe amadya ndi owopsa, komanso kuphunzira momwe mungayang'anire bowa kuti mukhale osangalatsa pogwiritsa ntchito njira zodziwika.
Kufiira
Gulu la mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya bowa la Mlechnik. Kusiyana kwawo kwakukulu kuchokera ku bowa wina wodetsedwa ndi mtundu wobiriwira (wachikasu-pinki, lalanje-wofiira) wa zipatso zonse thupi, mitundu yofanana yowala ndi madzi amadzi. Ryzhik ili ndi mtundu wake wowonekera kwa beta carotene yomwe ili mkati mwake. 
Kulowa mu thupi la munthu, mankhwalawa amasandulika kukhala vitamini A. Palinso ambiri ascorbic asidi, mavitamini a gulu B, ndi salt amchere mu bowa, choncho ndi othandiza kwambiri.
Mu kapu wamkulu wa bowa akhoza kufika mamita masentimita 15. Pakatikati mulipo dzenje, ndipo m'mphepete mwake muli atakulungidwa pang'ono. Kukhudza kumakhala kosalala, nthawi zina kumakhala kovuta.
Orange shades zamkati ndi kukhudzana kwa nthawi yaitali ndi mpweya kumakhala wobiriwira. Zili ndi zowawa komanso zosavuta kumva, fungo ndi lofooka, mopanda kuzindikira. Kutalika kwa miyendo 7-9 masentimita, osadziwika, osakaniza. Ngati inu mukulimbikira pa icho, icho chidzagwa mwamsanga.
Ryzhiki imayamba kuphuka pakatikati pa mwezi wa July ndipo sizimatha mpaka chisanu. Mukhoza kuwapeza kumbali ya kumpoto kwa mitengo yomwe imakhala m'nkhalango zamtunda za malo otentha a dziko lathu. Idye iwo okazinga ndi amchere.
Video: momwe angapezerere bowa
Mukudziwa? Ryzhiki musamakula ndi kupsa yokha - ngati muli ndi bowa limodzi kapena awiri, zikutanthawuza kuti palinso zochepa kwambiri pafupi.
Champignon wamba
Mambuku ambiri, maluwa enieni kapena caverica ndi otchuka bowa omwe amakula pakati pa udzu m'minda, m'mapaki, m'manda: kulikonse kumene kuli wolemera nthaka humus.
Zingakhale zothandiza kwa inu kuti mudziwe zambiri za sayansi ya kukula kwa mimbulu kunyumba, momwe mungatsutse bwino bowa izi, ndi phindu lanji ndi zovulaza zawo.
Chikopa cha pecheritsy mu mamita 8-15 masentimita. Maonekedwe ake amatha kukhala osasunthika, kenako amakhala opanda kanthu. M'minda yaing'ono, pamphepete mwa kapu imakhala ikuyang'ana mkati. Kawirikawiri ndi yoyera, nthawi zina ndi brownish tinge, youma, silky pang'ono kapena ang'onoang'ono mamba. 
Thupi ndi zotsekemera, zoyera, sizimasintha mtundu pamene zimagwirizana ndi mpweya, zimakonda zokoma, ndi zokoma zowawa za bowa. Kutalika kwa miyendo (5-9 masentimita) ndi makulidwe a 1-2 masentimita, yosalala, ikhoza kufalikira kumunsi, yoyera. Pakatikati mwa mwendo muli mphete yambiri. Nyengo yokolola ya amwa - May-October. Chakudya choyenera m'njira iliyonse.
Inedible, bowa chakupha
Bowa ikhoza kukhala yopanda poizoni ndipo imayambitsa matenda ochepa chabe. Koma ndi bwino kusamala mukamadya bowa wosadziwika. Ndipo kuti mudziwe bwinobwino mtundu wa bowa uli patsogolo panu, phunzirani bwino tsatanetsatane wa zitsanzo zina zoopsa.
Chirabe chapafupi
Mbalame, kapena bowa wobiriwira, ndi bowa woopsa kwambiri padziko lapansi. N'zosavuta kusokoneza ndi champignon, russula, greenfinch. Ngakhale gawo lachinayi la bowa limayambitsa poizoni: kusanza, kupweteka kwa minofu, colic, ludzu nthawi zonse, ndi kutsekula m'mimba kumachitika masiku awiri.
Kuchuluka kwa mlingo kumachepa, kupanikizika kumachepa, munthu ali pambali pa kutaya chidziwitso. Gulu laling'ono liri ngati dzira pazitsulo chachikulu, pamwamba pake ndi filimu yotetezera. Patapita nthawi, ntchentche imatuluka: kapu imatsegulira, kupeza mawonekedwe apamwamba kapena mwendo, mwendo umakhala wochepa. 
Mphepete mwa kapu ndi yosalala, fibrous. Icho chimajambula mu azitona, zobiriwira kapena mtundu wa imvi. Msola ndi wautali (8-16 cm), woonda (1-2.5 masentimita), wachitsulo, wokhuthala kuchokera pansi (kutsika kumawoneka ngati thumba). Mtundu wa mwendo uli ngati chipewa kapena choyera, mwinamwake ndi dongosolo ngati mawonekedwe.
Mkati mwa mkati mwa thupi la chipatso ndi loyera, mtundu sukusintha pa kukhudzana ndi mpweya. Amanita symbiotes ndi mitengo yowonongeka (oak, beech, hazel), amakonda dziko lachonde. Zitha kupezeka m'nkhalango zoyipa kapena zosakanikirana ndi nyengo yozizira ya dziko lathu. Zikuwoneka mokha kapena m'magulu mapeto a chilimwe ndi autumn.
Wosakhulupirika
Bowa woopsa umene umayambitsa kunyoza, kusanza, kutaya chidziwitso mu maola oyamba mutatha kudya. Amamera m'magulu pa stumps zakale, kuvunda mitengo mu nkhalango zamtundu ndi zowonongeka. Ikhoza kupezeka kuyambira June mpaka October. Kapu ya nkhumba yaying'ono, mpaka masentimita asanu, hemispherical. 
Ojambula mu mtundu wachikasu wokhala ndi chofiira chofiira kapena lalanje. Msola uli wowongoka, woonda (0,4-0.6 cm) ndi utali wautali (masentimita 5-10), mkatikatikati, ndi fibrous mu kapangidwe. Mtundu wake umaphatikizidwa ndi mtundu wa kapu. Mkati wamkati mwa thupi la chipatso ndi lowala kwambiri, lowawa komanso lopsa mtima.
Amanita wofiira
Bowa woopsa ndi wovuta kusokoneza ndi zina - chipewa chofiira chofiira ndi malo oyera chikhoza kuoneka kutali. Nkhumba imakula pafupi ndi birch ndi spruce pa dothi losavuta mu malo ozizira a hemisphere. Zikuwoneka mu August, zikusowa mu October.
Phunzirani zambiri za momwe mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya amanitas imawonekeranso, komanso imathandizira amanitas.
Mimba ya bowa ndi 8-20 masentimita. Poyamba ndi hemispherical, ndiye zimakhala zosalala ndi pang'ono concave. Mawanga oyera akuphimba khungu lofiira kapena lofiira lofiira lili ngati ziphuphu. Kuyambira ku bowa wakale nthawi zambiri amatsukidwa ndi mvula. 
Msolawo ndi wochepa thupi (1-2.5 masentimita m'mimba mwake) ndipo utali wautali masentimita 8-20, utali wozungulira, wofiira. Pansi pazitali, ndipo pamwamba ndi "skirt." Mu bowa okhwima, chimanga chimapezeka mu tsinde. Thupi liri loyera, pafupi ndi khungu ndi lowala lalanje kapena lachikasu, kununkhiza kwake kuli kovuta.
Mukudziwa? Kuchokera m'zaka za m'ma 1200, kulowetsedwa kwa bowa kumapha tizilombo. Chifukwa chaichi, bowa ndi dzina lake losazolowereka.
Bowa la Amanita
Wotsutsa wina wa mtundu wa Amanita. Monga wothandizana naye, ali ndi bamba lalikulu (5-12 masentimita mwake), lodzaza ndi zikopa, ndi mwendo wochepa thupi ndi "skirt" kumtunda.
Koma, mosiyana ndi bowa wofiira, zojambula mu mitundu yochepetsetsa: yofiira yachikasu, yoyera yoyera. Mwinamwake pogwira zobiriwira. Chovala chake cha minofu chimasinthidwanso kuchoka kumalo otsetsereka kupita kumalo otsetsereka ndi kanyumba kakang'ono ndi kamtengo kochepa. 
Mwendo umangowamba poyamba, kenako umatambasulidwa kukhala wozungulira: kuchokera pa masentimita 5 mpaka 12 kutalika, 1-2 masentimita awiri. Pansi pazomwe unakhuthala pang'ono, umakhala wopanda pake mkati mwake. Mtundu wa miyendo ndi wotumbululuka chikasu.
Mnofu woyera uli ndi chikasu chachikasu ndi fungo losalala la mbatata yaiwisi, amasangalala kwambiri. Symbiocre amanita ndi mitengo yonyansa komanso yowonongeka.
Amakonda nthaka yamchenga m'munda wotentha. Amapezeka pa pafupifupi makontinenti onse (kupatula South America). M'dera lotentha limaonekera pakatikati pa mwezi wa August ndikukhalabe mpaka kumapeto kwa mwezi wa October. Chimake cha kukula chikuchitika mu September.
Bowa la satana
Dzina lachiwiri la bowa ndi matenda a Satana. Bowa la satana, mosiyana ndi achibale ake, liri ndi mwendo wofiira, osati kapu. Mtundu wake umasiyanasiyana kuyambira pamwamba mpaka pansi kuchokera ku chikasu chofiira mpaka ku brownish-chikasu kupyolera mu carmine- kapena lalanje-wofiira.
Pamwamba pa miyendo muli mesh pattern. Maonekedwe ake ndi achilendo: poyamba ndi ovoid kapena yozungulira, kenako imakhala ngati mzere. Chipewa ndi choyera, choyera kapena choyera, mwina ndi mthunzi wa azitona, wachikasu kapena wachikasu. 
Mu mawonekedwe a hemisphere kapena pillow. Mu bowa wophika, imakhala pansi, khungu ndi lofewa kapena labwino. Mphuno ya bolt ndi yoyera kapena yolk - ikagwirizanitsa ndi mpweya imatembenuka pang'ono buluu kapena yofiira. Fungo losasangalatsa, makamaka mabokosi okhwima, ofanana ndi fungo la kuvunda.
Nkhumba imakula mumapiri aatali, kumene kuli thundu, beech, hornbeam, hazel, Lindind - ndi mitengo iyi, iye amathandiza. Akukonda dothi la miyala yamchere. Amapezeka kuyambira June mpaka September kum'mwera kwa Ulaya, kum'mwera kwa Ulaya Russia, Caucasus, Middle East, ndi Primorsky Territory.
Ndikofunikira! Ngakhale gramu ya bowa wa satana imayambitsa mimba yaikulu.
Woopsa
Woopsa (tigwe, kambuku) akuthamanga ndi bowa woopsa umene umakonda nkhalango zam'madzi ndi miyala yamchere. Ikhoza kupezeka kuyambira August mpaka Oktoba.
Kukula, bowa amasintha kapu yake kuchoka pamtendere kupita pansi, pansi. Zophimbidwa pamtunda zatsala. Mtundu sukusintha ndi ukalamba: ndi woyera, wofiirira, wofiira ndi imvi ndi bluish. 
Msola uli wa mamita 4-8 cm, ndi 1-3 masentimita awiri, woyera, wopanda phokoso, pang'ono bulauni pansi. Thupi liri loyera, pafupi ndi khungu lokhala ndi grey tinge, kununkhira kwake ndi kukoma kumakhala ngati ufa.
Entomoma ndi owopsa
Dzina lachiwiri ndi mbale yoopsa ya pinki. Amatchedwanso kuti giant rose plate, entomine tin, hemoplastic entomoma. Bowa si wamba. Kufuna nkhalango zowonongeka komanso zosakanikirana, nkhalango ndi dongo komanso nthaka yamchere, imakonda kutentha. Mutha kuchipeza kuyambira kumapeto kwa mwezi wa May kufikira mwezi wa October.
Bowa wamkulu kwambiri mumtundu wake: kapu yake imatha kufika masentimita 25 m'mimba mwake. Kukula kwake kumakhala masentimita 5-17. Pa nyama zazing'onoting'ono, ndizomwe zimagwira ntchito, zimakhala zofiira, zimakhala ndi mtundu wofiira ndi woyera.
Pamene ikukula, bowa imakhala ndi imvi yofiira, imakhala yonyezimira komanso yowonongeka kapena yolowera pansi ndi yosalala, nthawi zina. Pakatikati pangakhale mapepala ang'onoang'ono. Pamwamba pake ndi yosalala, pamtambo wautali umakhala wokhazikika, ndipo ukawuma umawala. 
Tsinde ndi lalitali, lochepa (1-3.5 masentimita), 4-15 masentimita m'litali, nsalu yozungulira m'munsi ndi kukulitsa. Poyamba imakhala mkati mwamphamvu, koma nthawi imakhala spongy. Mtundu wake woyera umasintha pang'onopang'ono kuti ukhale wonyezimira kapena wachikasu. Ngati mutayika pamlendo, chophimba cha brownish chikuwonekera. Mnofu ndi wandiweyani, woyera, sasintha mtundu, kukoma kwake sikusangalatsa - fungo la ufa kapena rancid.
Malangizo othandiza
- Ngati simukukayikira, ndi bowa wanji omwe ali patsogolo panu, bwino kuti musatenge.
- Musayese kulawa bowa wosazolowereka, ziribe kanthu kukongola kwake.
- Musanapite ku nkhalango, dziŵani mtundu wa bowa ndi maonekedwe awo.
- Ndi bwino kupita kokasaka mwakachetechete m'mawa, mpaka dzuwa litapanga kuwala kwala pansi ndipo mame suma.
- Pofuna kusaka, valani zovala zonse zosavuta komanso zosavuta. Tengani zipangizo zofunika: dengu, mpeni, kampasi, ndodo yaitali. Werengani malamulo otsogolera m'nkhalango.
- Akatswiri amanena kuti ndibwino kuti musadule bowa, ndikupotoza: motere mumasunga mycelium.
- Ndi bwino kuika bowa m'chikwama ndi miyendo pansi. Ngati bowa ndi lalikulu, ndiye kuti ziduladutswa. Musanayambe kufufuza mudengu, yeretsani ku zinyalala.
- Ndi bwino kusonkhanitsa achinyamata.
- Yendani m'mitengo pang'onopang'ono, yang'anani mosamala mapazi anu.
- Bowa amayamba kukula m'magulu ang'onoang'ono. Wotchulidwa, ndiye m'dera lanu pali zambiri.
- Bowa watsopano unasungidwa kwa maola 2-3. Choncho, musataye m'nkhalango ndipo mutabwerera kunyumba, musamangomaliza kubzala mbewu kapena kuziika mufiriji kapena m'chipinda chapansi pa nyumba kuti musachedwe kukonza maola angapo.
Mukudziwa? Mu 1961, mabokosiwa anapezeka ku USSR, wolemera makilogalamu 10 ndipo anali ndi chipewa chokhala ndi mamita 58 cm.Kupita ku nkhalango kwa bowa kungakhale limodzi ndi osankha amwawa odziwa bwino. Ngakhale simudziwa bwino mitundu ina ya bowa, pali mwayi wosokoneza iwo omwe ali osayenera kudya. Ndi bwino kuti musadzipangire nokha kachiwiri.
