Duwa lowala bwino lofanana ndi motley daisy lakhala likudziwika ngati chomera chokonzera m'nyumba. M'malo otsegulira, dimba la gerbera limakula molimba. Komabe, ngati mumaganizira zanzeru zonse mukabzala, kusamalira bwino chomera, ndiye kuti kukula m'mundawo ndikotheka m'chigawo chapakati cha Russia, komanso osati kum'mwera lapansi.
Kufotokozera kwa Gerbera
Gerbera ndi wa banja la Asteraceae kapena Astra ndipo ndiwosatha therere.
Tchire limakhala laling'ono, lamasamba nthenga ndipo limasunthika komanso lili ndi khungu loyera, lokongoletsedwa mu rosette pafupi ndi muzu. Kutalika kwawo kumafika masentimita 35. Nthawi zina amakhala pansi pamunsi.
Kutalika kwa tsinde ndi kuyambira 30 mpaka 60 cm, basiketi ya inflorescence ndi yayikulu. Potsegula maluwa, m'mimba mwake mumayambira 12 mpaka 17. Kutengera mitundu, imagawidwa kukhala yosavuta, iwiri kapena iwiri.
Nthawi yamaluwa imayamba kumayambiriro kwa kasupe ndipo imatha ndikutayamba kwa nyengo yozizira.
Malo omwe nzika zake zimachokera ku Africa ndi Madagascar, Asia. Dzina lina ndi Transvaal chamomile.
Mitundu ndi mitundu ya gerbera
Zambiri zamitundu ndi mitundu ya Transvaal chamomile zimasiyana - malinga ndi zomwe zina, kuyambira 40 mpaka 90. Chaka chilichonse, obereketsa amateur amakula mitundu yatsopano, yophatikiza ndikuwoloka omwe akudziwika.
Chimodzi mwazomwe mbewu zimayikidwa ndi zizindikiro zakunja:
- maluwa ambiri;
- yayikulu-yayikulu ndi petal yopapatiza;
- lalikulu-loyenda ndi petal yotakata;
- theka -awiri;
- terry.
Zomera zonse zam'munda zomwe zimadziwika masiku ano zimaberekera pamitundu iwiri - masamba obiriwira ndi Jameson.
Mitundu ina yotchuka kwambiri ndi:
| Zosiyanasiyana | Kufotokozera | Masamba | Maluwa / Nthawi ya maluwa |
| Jameson | Osatha, olimba. Zosiyanasiyana Parade, Harley, Golden Serena amadziwika. | Cirrus, wokhala ndi m'mphepete. Kutalika pafupifupi 20 cm. | Dongosolo la inflorescence ndi 10 cm. 3 milungu. |
Munda Wophatikiza / Maloto okoma a Garvinea | Kutalika kukufika mpaka masentimita 45, kutalika kwa chitsamba mpaka 40 cm. | Zoyipa, zowuluka. Pafupifupi 15 cm. | Ma inflorescence okhala ndi mulifupi wa masentimita 12 mpaka 15. Pachitsamba chimodzi mpaka 20 maulendo. Mitundu yosiyanasiyana. Pakati pa kasupe ndi chiyambi cha nthawi yophukira. |
| Patio Klondike | Kutalika ndi mainchesi mpaka 50 cm. | Wokwera, wokhazikika, 15 cm. | Amodzi amodzi, mabowo owoneka ngati bango. Nthawi zambiri zimakhala zoyera kapena zofiirira zonse. Julayi - Okutobala. |
| Abyssinian | Bush kutalika mpaka 45 cm. | Mawonekedwe a ellipse, kutalika kwa tchire mpaka masentimita 45. Ukutalika mpaka masentimita 14. Mphepete ndikuwombera kapena kugundika, kuwala kwamphepo pamtunda. | Amodzi amodzi, mabowo owoneka ngati bango. Nthawi zambiri zimakhala zoyera kapena zofiirira zonse. Kasupe wagwa. |
| Malalanje | Katsamba kakang'ono kokhala ndi mizu yamphamvu. | Mawonekedwe a tsamba ndi ellipse, omwe amasonkhanitsidwa mu rosette pamunsi pamizu. | Malalanje, ofiira, ofiira, ofiirira, ofiira kwambiri, achikaso. Pakati pa inflorescence ndi wakuda, wofiirira. Julayi - Okutobala |
| Wright | Ntchito popanga maluwa. | Zitha kukhala mu mawonekedwe a lobules kapena nthenga. Mphepete ndi wavy kapena. | Wofiyira, lalanje, wofiirira, wachikasu, wapinki. Center - chikasu kapena choyera-chipale. Masika ndi nthawi yophukira. |
| Vega | Kubala kuchokera ku America. | Kufikira 50 cm, yopapatiza, yokhala ndi m'mphepete pang'ono. | Danga pafupifupi 13 cm, tsinde kutalika mpaka 70 cm. Utoto wa pamakhala ndi lalanje owala. Julayi - Okutobala. |
Pesi silidulidwa, liyenera kupotozedwa kapena kuthyoka, izi zimakwiyitsa kukula kwa ma peduncle atsopano okhala ndi inflorescences yayikulu. Nthawi yamaluwa, chisamaliro chomera chizikhala chogwira ntchito kwambiri - muyenera kuthirira mokwanira, kudyetsa nthawi zonse ndikuchotsa petioles zouma ndi masamba m'munsi, kuthirira tchire lonse.
Kukula ma gerberas ang'ono kuti mupitirize kubzala
Mbande za Gerbera za nyengo yatsopano zimayamba kukonzekera kugwa. Ngati mumabzala mbewu mu Okutobala kapena Novembala, ndiye kuti mutha kuyembekezera maluwa mu Julayi-Ogasiti.
Kubzala pambuyo pake (Januware-Marichi) sikungalole kuti mundawo udzu usanayambike nyengo yozizira isanayambe. Zikatero, amazidulira mumiphika ndikubweretsa mnyumbamo.
Njira yodzikonzera mbande imakupatsani mwayi kuti mumere mbewu zambiri nthawi imodzi komanso mosavuta, ndi matenda ndi tizilombo toononga sizitha kufalikira.
Malangizo a sitepe ndi sitepe:
- Ma cartridge apadera amadzazidwa ndi chisakanizo cha mbande.
- Selo iliyonse, pomwe pali recess (yoposa 3 mm) imapangidwa ndi mano ndipo mbewu imayikidwa.
- Sansani madzi mu botolo lothira ndi pulawo.
- Pazinthu zobiriwira, makaseti amakulunga ndi pulasitiki kapena galasi la pulasitiki.
- Amathandizira mulingo woyenera kwambiri: kutentha ndi pafupifupi +18 ° C, koma chinyezi kwambiri.
- Pambuyo pa milungu iwiri, filimuyo imachotsedwa, zikumera ziyenera kumera kale.
- Pambuyo pake, amapereka zowunikira zosasinthika kwa maola osachepera 12 patsiku. Ngati palibe masana okwanira, gwiritsani ntchito phytolamp.
- Mbewu zimapatsidwamo mpweya ndi kupopera madzi.
- Zikumera zikafika mpaka masentimita 3-5, zimasinthidwa ndikuzisanjikanitsa ndizopanga mainchesi akulu.
- Garden gerbera adabzala m'nthaka, bola kutentha kwa usiku kukafika +12 ° C.
- Kuyambira pomwe nthawi yobzala mbewu kutsegulira inflorescence, miyezi 10 mpaka 10 ikudutsa.
- Ngati maluwa akutulutsa mitundu ya zinthu zosiyanasiyana atayika, izi ndi chifukwa cha kupukutidwa kwa mtanda.
Kubzala ndi Kusamalira Kunja kwa Gerbera
Garden gerbera ndi chomera chomwe chimakonda kutentha, motero malo omwe amafikira ayenera kutetezedwa ku mphepo ndikuwunikidwa bwino.
Bedi limapangidwa kuti lithe kuteteza chinyezi komanso kuchuluka kwa madzi apansi panthaka, zomwe zingayambitse kuwonongeka kwa mizu. Nthaka imakonzedwa momasuka komanso yopatsa thanzi, ndimakina amoyo.
Tsambalo limafukusidwa, musanabzike, yang'anani kutentha kwa dothi - liyenera kutenthedwe. Popewa matenda oyamba ndi fungus, dothi limathandizidwa chisanachitike ndi yankho lapadera.
Bowo la chitsamba limapangidwa ndi kukula kotero kuti limasunthira pansi muzu wa mbandeyo ndi chotupa. Khosi la muzu limasiyidwa 2 cm pamwamba pamtunda. Mtunda pakati pa tchire mukadzala pansi ndi pafupifupi 20 cm.
Gerbera kuzizira
Garden gerbera angagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati pachaka. Koma pafupifupi mitundu yake yonse ndi yachinayi, kotero kuti nthawi yozizira iwo amakumba chitsamba ndi mtanda wa dothi. Kenako amaikidwa mumphika wambiri m'mimba mwake ndikuzama ndikuwasamutsira kuchipinda chanyansi kapena wowonjezera kutentha ndi kutentha kwa + 10 ... +15 ° C. Amathiriridwa madzi osowa kwambiri nthawi yozizira ndipo samadyetsedwa.
Nthawi zina amaika mphika wa mbewu mu ngodya yamdima komanso yozizira m'nyumba.
Ngati gerbera wabzalidwa m'mundamo m'mbale zazikuluzikulu, ndiye koyambirira kwa chisanu choyambirira amasamutsira mnyumbayo nthawi yozizira - kuti asunge ndi kupumula.
Kufalitsa kwa Gerbera
Popeza mukabzala mbewu, kutayika kwa mitundu kumakhala kotheka, nthawi zina njira ina yoberekera imagwiritsidwa ntchito - masamba.
Tchire la zaka zitatu litha kugawidwa bwino lomwe kukhala zigawo zingapo zamphumphu. Kumbani gerbera kumayambiriro kwa chilimwe ndikumafupikitsa mizu mpaka masentimita 15. Mphukira ziwiri zitatu zatsalira pazogawika. Masamba olekanitsa amathandizidwa ndi kaboni yokhazikitsidwa ndipo akabzalidwa osazika pansi kuti tipewe kuvunda.
Mutabzala, mbewu zazing'ono zimakhazikitsa nthawi yonse yochira. Zimatenga masiku 30.
Matenda a Gerbera ndi tizirombo, kusamalira zolakwika
Kukula m'mundamu sikokwanira popanda matenda ndi tizirombo. Chomera chiyenera kuyang'aniridwa pamene zotsatirazi zikuwoneka:
| Mtundu wogonjetsedwa | Zizindikiro | Zifukwa | Njira kukonza |
| Zovunda | Rosette yoyambira imayamba kuvunda, masamba amakhala osakhwima ndi kuzimiririka, kufa kwa chitsamba chonse ndikotheka. |
| Kuwaza ndi ndalama Fundazol, Maxim. Akafa - chitsamba chimakumbidwa ndikuwonongeka. |
| Gray zowola | Tsinde, inflorescence, basal rosette yokutidwa ndi imvi. |
| Yankho la Fundazolum, Rovral. |
| Powdery mildew | Duwa loyera limayamba kupanga pa tsinde, kenako limafalikira kumasamba ndi peduncle. |
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| Mose | Choyamba, mawanga obiriwira achikasu amawoneka pamasamba, ofanana ndi madontho a nsangalabwi. Kenako kukonzanso kwawo ndi necrosis kumachitika. | Matendawa ndi tizilombo tomwe timayamwa. | Njira zodzitetezera ndi zotheka - mankhwala oyamba ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo. Osabzala ma gerber ku malo omwe mbewu ya Pumpkin imakula. Ngati chomera chikadwala, chitha kungowonongeka; ndikosatheka kuchiza. |
| Ma nsabwe | Mabuluu a bulauni amawonekera patsinde lamasamba, tsinde, inflorescence. | Kulimbana ndi tiziromboti. | Kuthirira ndi kukonzekera kwa tizirombo - Decis, Karate, Actellik, Fitoverm. Kuphatikizana ndi phulusa ndi fumbi la fodya. |
| Whitefly | Masamba omwe amakhala pachomera amasanduka achikasu ndi owuma, kenako amaphimbidwa ndi zomata komanso mphutsi. | Matendawa ndi gulugufe waing'ono loyera. | Chithandizo cha mankhwala ophera tizilombo - Aktara, Confidor, Spark. Kusunga kutentha ndi chinyezi chokwanira. Peppermint, nasturtium ndi cholepheretsa agulugufe, iwo amabzala pafupi ndi gerbera. |
Kugwiritsa ntchito kwa gerbera popanga mawonekedwe
Mitundu yamaluwa osiyanasiyana omwe amakhala m'minda yolima bwino amaphulika m'mundawo ndi gawo loyandikana nalo.
Amabzalidwa m'mphepete mwa njira ngati malire, pogwiritsa ntchito tchire lamtundu umodzi kaphatikizidwe ndi ma toni osiyanasiyana.
Gerbera wamkulu m'miphika ya m'munda kapena muli zida zapadera amaikidwa pamakonde, verandas, masitepe. Chifukwa chake, limagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati gawo lokongoletsa.
Chomera ichi chimawoneka bwino mu malo amodzi komanso ambiri, komanso kuphatikiza ndi maluwa ena. Nthawi zambiri, ma pansies, mabelu, ma poppie, calendula, gentian, salvia, bidens, geyhera, mbewu monga chimanga ndi conifers amasankhidwa chifukwa cha izi. Ndipo kudula maluwa paphwando kumakhala ndi mphamvu pafupifupi mwezi wathunthu.
