Kabichi wofiira amasiyana ndi kabichi woyera, mtundu, makonzedwe a masamba omwe ali pamutu wa kabichi, ndi zomwe zili ndi zakudya zambiri.
Dziko lakwawo limatchedwa Mediterranean.
Kulongosola kwa chikhalidwe
Kabichi wofiira si chomera chotchuka kwambiri chomwe sichimakula nthawi zambiri pamakampani. Taganizirani momwe amatchulidwira komanso momwe amasiyanirana Mitundu yotchuka kwambiri ndi hybrids ya mtundu uwu wa kabichi:
- Mitundu yambiri yosakanikirana ndi nyengo yapakatikatikati, imakhala ndi masamba akuluakulu ofiira, omwe amadziwika ndi zokutira sera. Mutu wandiweyani uli ndi makilogalamu 2,5.
- Mitundu yambiri yapakatikatikatikatikatikati ya nyengo, imakhala ndi masamba ofanana. Kwa masamba akuluakulu a buluu omwe amawoneka ndi zitsulo zolimba.
Mitu ndi yamphamvu komanso yamphamvu kwambiri. Kulemera kwa mutu wa zosiyanazi sikudutsa 2.5 makilogalamu.
- The autoro hybrid ndi nyengo yapakatikati, nyengo yomwe ikukula imakhala yosaposa masiku 140. Amadziwika ndi mitu yaing'onoting'ono, koma yowuma, yolemera makilogalamu 1.5. Mtundu wa masamba ndi wofiirira. Mbali yodabwitsa ya wosakanizidwa ndikuti imagonjetsedwa ndi mitu yokhotakhota.
- Mbalame zosiyana-siyana - zakutchire, zimakhala zofiirira ndipo zakonzedwa kudyetsedwa mwatsopano. Kamwedwe ka kabichi kakang'ono ka 1.6 kg kali ndi masamba omwe ali ndi siliva patina.
- Gako zosiyanasiyana - nyengo yamapiri, nyengo yomwe ikukula yomwe siyiposa masiku 150. Ali ndi mitu yowonongeka, yozungulira, yolemera makilogalamu 3, amawoneka kuti akulimbana ndi kupunthwa ndi kukhala ndi moyo wamtali wautali. Kulawa kowawa kumayesedwa, komwe kumatayika ndi nthawi. Khalani ndi mtundu wofiirira wa masamba omwe mukukhala nawo.
- Wophatikiza Vorox - wachisinkhu oyambirira, nyengo yomwe ikukula yomwe si masiku oposa 120. Ili ndi kachidutswa kakang'ono ka pepala ndipo kamakula masamba. Nkhono ndi nyumba yaikulu, masekeli okwana 3 kg. Zokonzeka zonse zatsopano ndi zosinthidwa. Masamba ndi anthocyanin.
- Drumond zosiyanasiyana - kumayambiriro, ali ndi chida chokwanira komanso chokwanira, mutu wa mawonekedwe ozungulira akulemera mpaka 2 kg.
- Zosiyanasiyana Kalos - mid-nyengo, zabwino kukoma - kabichi ndi yowutsa mudyo osati zovuta. Mutu wonyezimira, wofiira-wofiirira, wolemera mpaka 2.5 makilogalamu. Chizindikiro cha mitundu yosiyanasiyana ndi chakuti imalekerera nthawi ya chinyezi chachikulu ndi kuchepa kwa kutentha.
- Zovuta zosiyanasiyana - zoyamba kucha, zimakhala ndi masamba ambiri. Mitu ya cabbages imakhala ndi masamba omwe sali olimba kwambiri. Masamba okhawo ali ndi mtundu wofiirira, wokutidwa ndi pachimake. Kulemera kwa mutu sikuposa 2 kg.
- Mitundu ya Mars - yofiira mochedwa, nyengo yomwe ikukula yomwe siyiposa masiku 160. Zili ndizing'ono, zong'onozing'ono mitu ya cabbages, sing'anga mukulingalira, mdima wonyezimira. Mitu siiliposa 1.5 makilogalamu. Mitundu yosiyanasiyana imatsutsana ndi kusweka.
Mudzakhalanso wofunitsitsa kuphunzira za mitundu yabwino ya kolifulawa, woyera kabichi, savoy, broccoli, Kale kabichi.
Mavuto akukula
Ngakhale kuti kabichi wofiira ali ndi mitundu yosiyana siyana ndi hybrids, zikhalidwe za ulimi wawo zimakhala zofanana.
Mukudziwa? Kale ku Roma, anthu adagwiritsa ntchito madzi a kabichi wofiira ngati mankhwala a matenda a m'mapapo ndi chimfine.
Kusankha malo
Kuti kabichi ikule bwino ndikukula, muyenera kusankha malo okwanira. 
Mukamera mbande mu greenhouses, kuunikira kumawathandiza kwambiri, chifukwa ndi kusowa kuwala kumene mbande imachotsedwa, zomwe zimakhudza kwambiri kukula kwa mbewu. Mukamabzala mbande pamalo otseguka, komwe kumakhala kosawunika, ziyamba kuchepetsa kukula ndi kukula, kutulutsa mutu womasuka, ndipo tsamba likhoza kukhala lobiriwira.
Ndikofunikira! Sizingatheke kubzala kabichi pachigwirizano chomwecho kwa zaka zingapo mzere, chifukwa chidzagwedezeka ndi keel, ndi bwino kusinthana ndi zomera zapamwamba ndi zomera pamalo omwewo nthawi zambiri kuposa pambuyo pa zaka 4.
Kusankhidwa kwa dothi
Kabichi wofiira uyenera kukula mwakuya ndi kuwala, pang'ono pang'ono kapena nthaka yopanda ndale. Nthaka iyenera kukhala ndi chiwerengero chofunikira cha zakudya m'zomera.
Ndi bwino kubzala kabichi wofiira kumalo kumene nkhaka, anyezi, nyemba, manyowa, mbatata kapena kaloti zinkayamba. 
Kubzala kabichi wofiira
Mukhoza kubzala kabichi wofiira m'njira zingapo:
- mbewu;
- rassadnym.
Mbewu yoyenera
Pofuna kubzala kabichi mothandizidwa ndi mbewu, m'pofunika kuganizira zochepa za kufesa:
- Tengani kuuma kwa mbewu. Kuti tichite izi, mbeu ziyenera kusungidwa m'madzi otentha mpaka 50 ° C kwa mphindi 20. Pambuyo pake, amatha kusamutsira madzi ozizira kwa mphindi ziwiri.
- Kulimbikitsa mbande mbande zoumitsa mbeu zimayikidwa mu mchere wothetsera maola 12. Pofuna kukonza njira yothetsera zakudya, tengani madzi okwanira 1 litre ndi supuni ya supuni ya nitrophoska. Pambuyo kotsitsimula, tsambani mbewu mumadzi ndi malo mu furiji kwa tsiku.
Mbewu zikakonzeka mukhoza kufesa pamalo otseguka. Ndikofunika kupanga zitsime ndi kubzala mu mbeu iliyonse. Fukani ndi peat wothira humus pamwamba. Mtunda wochokera pa dzenje kupita ku wina uyenera kukhala masentimita 60. Ndipo mbeu iyenera kukhala ndi nthaka yosachepera 5 masentimita.Kupyolera mu mbande
Pofuna kubzala kabichi wofiira pa mbande, mbewu zimakonzedwa komanso kufesa mwachindunji.
Ndikofunikira! Kukula mbande zofiira kabichi panyumba motere ndikofunika kufufuza kutentha - siziyenera kukhala pansi pa madigiri 16 mbeu isanakwane.Pofuna kufesa moyenera mu nthaka yokonzedwa bwino, yomwe imayenera kukhala ndi mapepala a peat ndi sod 1: 1, muyenera kukonzekera mabokosi kapena zida zina zomwe mbewuzo zidzakula.
Mu mabokosi okonzedwa ndi nthaka ndikofunika kufesa mbewu pamtunda wa masentimita 7 pakati pa mizera ndi kuya kwa masentimita atatu.Pamene mbande zikuwoneka, kutentha mu chipinda chiyenera kutsetsereka ku 8 ° C ndipo mbande ziyenera kusungidwa muzochitika kwa sabata. Kenaka perekani 15 ° C kuti kukula kwa mbande. Imwani nyembazo zizikhala nthawi zonse, asanatuluke mphukira. Pambuyo pake, kuthirira kuyenera kuchepetsedwa pang'ono, ndipo kuthirira nthaka ikauma pang'ono.
Malinga ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana imene mukufuna kukwera - oyambirira kapena mochedwa, kubzala kudzayenera kuchitika mu May-June.
Pamene chomera chidzapanga masamba 5, ndiye kuti mukhoza kuyamba kubzala. Kuti muchite izi, muyenera kupanga feteleza ya potashi muzitsulo zonse, kusakanikirana ndi dothi ndikutsanulira ndi madzi, ndikubzala mbewu. Dothi dothi pozungulira chomera ndi kuthirira madzi otentha. 
Malamulo osamalira
Kwa kabichi wofiira, nkofunika kuti tizipanga zoyenera, komanso kuti tipeze chisamaliro kumunda kuti tipezeke bwino.
Kuthirira
Kabichi wofiira amasankha madzi okwanira nthawi zonse. Ngati akumva kuti alibe kuthirira, zidzakhudza ubwino wa mbewu. Madzi okwanira ayenera kuchitidwa pamene akupanga chikhomo ndi ovary mutu. Panthawi imeneyi, ndi bwino kuthirira madzi kuchokera ku payipi kuti madzi apite ku zomera zonse. Koma kabichi imalekerera zowonjezera zowonjezereka komanso madzi akuyenda bwino, kotero simukuyenera kudutsa.
Ndikofunikira! Spud imafuna pambuyo kuthirira kapena mvula. Pamene re-hilling ikulimbikitsidwa kuchotsa masamba apansi.
Kuwala ndi kumasula
Nthawi yoyamba yopyola mu nthaka iyenera kukhala mkati mwa masiku asanu ndi awiri mutatha kubzala, ndipo pitirizani kumasula nthaka mutatha kuthirira kuti mutsimikizire kuti mpweya wabwino ukhale wokhazikika. 
Hilling kabichi imathandiza kuti mituyo ikhale yowonjezereka ndikupanga mizu yolimba. Spud chomera ndi chofunikira pamene kabichi imapita ku kukula ndi mapangidwe amitu akuyamba, panthawi ino muyenera kutsanulira pansi pamtunda wa masamba oyambirira.
Pambuyo pa dziko lapansi loyambirira, nkofunika kuti muzigwiritsanso ntchito masabata awiri.
Kupaka pamwamba
Kuti mbeu ikhale yolemera yokolola, m'pofunika kuti muzichita zokolola zokhazikika. Zokonzeka bwino kuti azivala mowa wamchere feteleza kapena yankho la zovuta (mineral) feteleza.
Phunzirani za kudya kabichi mu njira zowerengeka.Mukhoza kuthira kabichi ndi mullein ndi madzi: 1: 5. Pamene kabichi ayamba kupanga mutu wa kabichi, ndi bwino kudyetsa 15 g wa nitrophoska aliyense chomera. Musanadzale mbande mungapange nkhuni phulusa 60 g patsiku.
Kuti mukhale osungirako nthawi yaitali, musanakolole, kabichi iyenera kudyetsedwa ndi nayitrogeni. Pambuyo pa kudyetsa kuli kofunikira kuthirira madzi ndi madzi oyera.Matenda akuluakulu ndi tizirombo
Mankhwalawa ndi tizirombo akuluakulu a kabichi wofiira:
- Kabichi njenjete ndi mbozi ya chikasu, yomwe imakoola masamba a kabichi ndi masamba osawoneka pamwamba. Pofuna kuthana ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matendawa, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti tiipere ndi mankhwala a Karbofos, pogwiritsira ntchito 60 g ya mankhwala pa malita 10 a madzi. Zimatengedwa ngati chakupha, choncho musanakolole kwa mwezi umodzi muyenera kusiya zomera.
- Ntchentche imauluka - imaoneka ngati mphutsi zoyera zomwe zimawononga mizu ndi mizu ya mizu. Ndi kugonjetsedwa kwa chomera chodetsa chimalira. Pofuna kupewa mabala a kabichi, ndi bwino kuwonjezera 20 g wa "Bazudin" pa 10 mita mamita ku nthaka. m.
- Kabichi aphid - imawoneka ngati mabala obiriwira kumbuyo kwa tsamba. Masamba, ngati atayonongeka ndi tizirombo timeneti, amawombera ndi kupota. Pofuna kuthana ndi kabichi nsabwe za m'masamba, tsamba la tomato limagwiritsidwa ntchito: kutsanulira 10 makilogalamu a masamba ndipo zimayambira ndi madzi kuti aphimbe zomera ndi kuwira pa moto wochepa kwa mphindi 20. Pambuyo pake, kuchepetsa 3 malita a msuzi ndi 10 malita a madzi ndikuwonjezera 20 g sopo. Kutaya kabichi ndi wothandizila madzulo.
- Kuuma kwachangu ndi matenda a fungal omwe nthawi zambiri amakhudza makateji. Tsinde la kabichi limakhala lotupa, lovunda ndipo posachedwa limauma. Ngati mmera umakhudzidwa ndi bowa, ndiye kuti ndizosatheka kuzipulumutsa. Zowola zouma zimakula bwino ndi kutentha ndi mvula, komanso m'malo komwe kabichi yowonongeka. Ndikofunika kumenyana ndi nkhungu ya imvi ndi njira ya 0.5% ya tigamu, kukonza mbeu asanayambe kufesa komanso pakapita nthawi kuchotsa udzu.
- Dothi lakuda ndi matenda a fungal omwe amadziwika ndi maonekedwe akuda ndi mitsinje pa masamba a chomera. Bowa limayamba chifukwa cha kabichi kubzala, kuchuluka kwa chinyezi ndi kutentha kwa kutentha. Pofuna kupeĊµa kukula kwa bowa, m'pofunikira kuyang'anira mpweya wabwino wa zomera ndikusawabzala kwambiri.
Nkofunikanso kuti musapitirize kuwonjezera zomera. Ngati bowa imawonekera, ndiye chitani mankhwala ndi njira yothetsera potassium permanganate: 10 malita a madzi, 5 g wa mankhwala.
- Kila - matenda omwe amayamba ndi bowa. Matendawa amakhudza mizu ya mbewu. Zikuwonekera mu mawonekedwe a zotupa pa mizu, zomwe zimatsogolera ku imfa ya chomeracho. Kuti tizilombo tisawonongeke pa kabichi, m'pofunika kuchotsa namsongole kuchokera ku chiwembu ndikuchimera pa gawo lomwe lakhudzidwa ndi mbeuyi, zomwe zimathandizira kuwonongeka kwa bowa: mbatata, eggplant, tomato, beets, adyo, anyezi.
Phunzirani zambiri za momwe mungachitire ndi kupewa matenda a kabichi.
Kukolola
Poyang'ana kukula kwa kapangidwe ka kabichi, mungayambe kusankha kusonkhanitsa mitu yabwino ya kabichi kumayambiriro kwa August kuti mwamsanga mugwiritsidwe ntchito. Kwa nthawi yaitali yosungirako, zokolola zimachitika pakati pa mwezi wa October.
Mbewu yokolola mu nyengo youma ndi yozizira, kuti kutentha kwa mpweya kunali pa 5 ° C masana ndi osachepera 0 ° C usiku. 
Pambuyo kudula, mitu iyenera kuyeretsedwa, kusiya masamba awiri. Kutalika kwa phesi ayenera kukhala osachepera 2 masentimita Asanatumize mbeu yosungirako mbeu, m'pofunika kuumitsa pansi pa denga ndikukonza mitu ya kabichi yomwe imakhudzidwa ndi tizirombo ndi matenda.
Sungani mbewuyi kuzizira, kuyambira 0 ° C mpaka + 1 ° C, m'nyumba ndi kumtunda mpaka 95%. Kabichi imalimbikitsidwa kuti iikidwe pamapirlets a mtengo ndi kudula komanso mu checkerboard chitsanzo.
Mukudziwa? Kabichi wofiira ali ndi mavitamini ochepa monga U ndi K. Amathandiza kwambiri m'mimba ndikuthandizira kuchiritsa zilonda.Choncho, sivuta kukula kabichi wofiira, chinthu chachikulu ndikutsatira ndondomeko za chisamaliro ndi kuchiza tizilombo ndi matenda nthawi.
