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Mbali yosamalidwa ndi chomera astrophytum kunyumba

Osonkhanitsa Cacti ngati astrophytum yaing'ono, yofanana ndi nyenyezi. Ichi ndi chophwanyika chophwanyidwa.

Kusamalira iwo sikuli kovuta kuposa mitundu ina. Phunzirani momwe mungakulire astrophytum, ndipo yonjezerani zitsanzo zochititsa chidwi zomwe mumasonkhanitsa.

Mafotokozedwe a botanical a zomera zamkati

Mayina nthawi zambiri amatchulidwa kwambiri ndi zomera. Dzina lachilatini Astrophytum asteria (astrophytum asterias) - limatchula nyenyezi ya nyenyezi ndipo imaimira mawonekedwe ake. Palinso maina a mchere wa mchenga - malingana ndi malo ogawa, nyanja ya urchin - chifukwa cha mawonekedwe ndi aang'ono, Peyotl cactus (Williams lophophore) - kufanana kwa mawonekedwe.

Mtunduwu uli ndi mitundu 10. Astrophytum imakonda kukula pamapiri a mapiri, miyala yamtengo wapatali ndi miyala yamchenga. Malo ogawa malo: South America, Texas, Mexico. Kwa kubereka, mitundu yowonjezera mungu imagwiritsidwa ntchito kuposa mtundu uwu komanso yosangalatsa kwa obereketsa. Kuchokera ku mitundu ina, mungathe kukula mosavuta kuchuluka kwa hybrids. Maonekedwe ake ali ndi usinkhu wa masentimita 5-15 ndipo ali ndi zigawo 8. Mphepete mwa nthatazi ndi mawonekedwe apang'ono. Chiwerengero cha zigawo kapena mbali za mitundu yosiyanasiyana ndi zosiyana - kuyambira 5 mpaka 8 zidutswa. Mtundu - kuchokera kubiriwira kupita ku grayish brown. Madontho ang'onoang'ono oyera pamphepete ndi timing'onoting'ono ta tsitsi lomwe lingakhoze kuyamwa chinyezi kuchokera mlengalenga. Mitundu ina ya astrophytum ili ndi spikes, pamene ena ali ndi zofewa zofewa kapena palibe.

Ngati chomera chikukula bwino, chimatha pachimake kuyambira mu March mpaka May, malingana ndi mitundu. Maluwa okongola kapena ofiira amatha kufika masentimita 7-8 m'mimba mwake. Maluwa ali pamwamba pa chomeracho. Chipatsocho ndi drupe, nthawi zina imvi, pinki kapena wofiira.

Ndikofunikira! Astrophitum akuluakulu ndi ovuta kwambiri kusamalira. Zomera zimatha kufa chifukwa chosadziwika, malinga ndi malamulo onse pa zomwe zili.

Mitundu yayikulu

Pali mitundu yambiri yofala kwambiri ya cactus iyi:

  • Astrophytum asterias (nyenyezi) - Cactus wotchuka kwambiri wa mtundu uwu. Chomera ichi ndi mawonekedwe ozungulira ndi nkhope zisanu ndi zitatu mu mawonekedwe a nyenyezi. Ndimakhala mumzinda wa miyala yamapiri a Mexico ndi Texas. Mbali ya mbeuyi ndi masentimita 15. Msinkhu ndi masentimita 8. Pamwamba pamakhala ndi madontho oyera, tsitsi, mitsitsi, palibe. Mtundu - mdima wamdima. Maluwa ndi achikasu. Nthawi yamaluwa - nyengo;
  • Astrophytum capricorne (Capricornus) - kufalikira kwa cactus. Chidziwikiritso cha astrophytum capricorn ndi chakuti chimayamba kukula ngati mpira, kenako chimachokera ndipo chimakhala chozungulira. Habita - chipululu kumpoto kwa Mexico. Chimake cha mbewuyi ndi masentimita 10. Kutalika kwafika pa masentimita 25. Ndi mtundu wakuda wobiriwira womwe uli ndi nthiti 7-9 yomwe imatchulidwa, minga yayitali yaitali ndi yamaluwa owala omwe ali ndi malo ofiira. Nthawi yamaluwa ndi chilimwe. Maonekedwe a minga ake anali maziko a dzina chifukwa cha kufanana kwake ndi nyanga ya mbuzi;
  • Astrophytum caput-medusae (mutu waukulu wa nsomba) - Izi ndi zachilendo zachilendo. Zomwe zimakhala zowonongeka komanso zowonongeka kwambiri zimakhala zofanana ndi zala. Maonekedwewo ndi cylindrical, elongated, curved. Chitsamba sichitha, koma palinso zitsanzo zomwe zimafanana ndi ma coral. Kutalika kumafika pa masentimita 19. Phesiyi ili ndi timagercles tating'ono. Paunyamata wawo, ma tubercles ali ndi mawonekedwe a katatu kapena amodzi a katatu, omwe amafanana ndi masamba. Zophimbidwa ndi bristles. Mtundu uli ndi grayish. Maluwa ndi ang'onoang'ono, osapitirira masentimita 0,5 m'mimba mwake. Chovalacho chimakhala ndi mamba ndi "ubweya" woyera. Maonekedwe a chipatso ndi ozungulira. Mtundu - wobiriwira;
  • Astrophytum coahuilense (Coahul) - zokongola zozungulira ndi nthiti zisanu. M'kupita kwa nthawi, imatha kukopetsedwa m'mizere. Nthitizi, pokhala ndi maonekedwe okhwima ali aang'ono, zimakhala zozungulira pamene zikukula. Zimakula ku Mexico. Ifikira 50 cm mu msinkhu ndi 20 masentimita awiri. Maluwawo ndi achikasu ndipo ali ndi ubweya wofiira, ngakhale kuti akhoza kukhala ofiira oyera kapena osawoneka bwino achikasu. Mtundu wa zipatso - kuchokera kufiira mpaka ku maolivi ndi basalt;
  • Astrophytum myriostígma (multifilament) limakula m'mapiri a kumpoto chakum'maŵa ndi pakati pa Mexico. Pakati pa osonkhanitsa amtengo wapatali ngati cactus yapachiyambi popanda minga. Zitha kukhala ndi mbali zitatu kapena zisanu ndi ziwiri (nthawi zambiri - zisanu). Nthiti zatsopano zikhoza kuoneka ndi msinkhu. Pamwamba pa chomeracho muli ndi tsitsi laling'ono loyera, lomwe limapereka mtundu woyera. Pamene ali wachinyamata, kansalu kakang'ono kamakhala ndi masentimita 4 mpaka 6. Pakapita nthawi, chimakhala chozungulira. Maluwawo ndi oyera ndi malo achikasu. Zipatso zimapangidwa mofiira, shaggy;
  • Astrophytum ornatum (yokongoletsa) limakula ku Mexico. Zimakula makamaka m'nkhalango zakutchire ndi miyala yamwala. Amadziwikanso ndi mawonekedwe a nyenyezi. Mbali yaikulu ya chomera ndi mzere wozungulira woyera wa masiya a ubweya kumbali. Mitundu imeneyi imatengedwa kuti ndi yaikulu kwambiri m'banja la astrophytum. Icho chimakhala ndi mawonekedwe ozungulira, kufika pamtunda wa 20 masentimita (mu nyumba floriculture). M'chipululu muli zitsanzo zazikulu. Mitundu ya mtundu wobiriwira ndi wobiriwira. Zitha kupanga mapeji 8 a mawonekedwe owongoka, koma palinso mapiri omwe akuyenda mozungulira. Maluwa apical, lalikulu, mandimu achikasu, masentimita 7-12 masentimita. Mbali zamkati za perianth ndizitali kwambiri, ndizitali, zochepa kwambiri.
Mukudziwa? Mbalame ya "jellyfish" inayamba kutsegulidwa kokha mu 2002 ndipo poyamba idali yosiyana ndi mitundu yosiyana siyana, chifukwa sichiwoneka ngati nyamayi ina iliyonse padziko lapansi.

Zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kulima kulimbikitse kunyumba

Kwa zomera zonse, mosasamala, pamene zikukula, zimaganizira chiwerengero cha kuunikira, kuchuluka kwa zinthu za ulimi wothirira, kutentha kwa mpweya ndi kutentha kwake. Kwa zinyama, magawowa ali ndi matanthauzo osiyanasiyana pa nthawi zosiyana za chaka. Choncho, pa nyengo yokula, astrophytum ikuyamba kukula. Nthawi iyi imayamba mu March ndipo ikuponyedwa mu September. M'nyengo yozizira, zomera zimatha kulekerera kutentha kwapansi ndipo moyenera amadya madzi.

Malo

Perekani chomeracho ndi kuwala kowala. Mwachindunji dzuwa limatentha pamtunda. Ma astrophitum ena amatha kupirira kuwala kwa dzuwa, koma ndizomveka kugwiritsa ntchito mawindo akumadzulo ndi kummawa kwa malo awo opangira. M'nyengo ya chilimwe tikulimbikitsidwa kuika miphika pamsewu usiku kuti atetezedwe ku mvula yodzidzimutsa. M'chilimwe, ndi zofunika kuti pritenyat cactus madzulo, makamaka ngati yayikidwa pawindo la kumadzulo. M'nyengo yozizira, maola a usana, m'malo mwake, amafunika kuwonjezeredwa ndi kuunikira kwapadera m'chipinda mpaka maola 8-10.

Ndikofunikira! Popanda kuunikira, astrophytum iyamba kutambasula kutalika mosasamala kanthu za chilengedwe ndi kuyamba kutaya mtundu. Zikakhala choncho, sangathe kuphulika.

Mavuto otentha

Astrophytum imakula bwino m'madera otentha. M'nyengo ya chilimwe, chimbudzi chimapezeka mwachangu kwambiri, choncho, kutentha kwapakhomo panyumba kuli 22 ... + 28 ° С. Kuchokera pa October mpaka masika, mpumulo wotsalira. Panthawi imeneyi, kutentha kumachepetsedwa pang'onopang'ono kufika + 10 ... +14 ° C. Ma astrophitum ena amatha kutentha mpaka 4 ° C.

Kutentha kwa mpweya

Chinyezi chiyenera kukhala chocheperapo, osati chapamwamba kuposa 60%. Amapezeka m'nyumba, wokondwa kwambiri ndi cacti popanda kusintha. Ngati muwaika pamsewu, ndiye kuti mvula yamkuntho (nyengo yamvula) imayenera kuyeretsedwa ndipo musaiwale kuti mukupanga fungicides kuchokera ku mabakiteriya ndi kuvunda.

Kusamalira kwanu

Ovomerezeka wamaluwa amakonda cacti kuti akhale osamala. Ambiri mwa iwo amakula bwino, ngakhale mutachita pafupifupi kanthu. Ovomerezeka wamaluwa amalimbikitsidwa kuti akule Astrophytum ornatum kapena Astrophytum myriostigma, zomwe sizili zovuta kwambiri pa zikhalidwe. Zomera zimafuna nthaka yosungunuka bwino. Adzafunikanso malo okwanira okwanira ndikukula madzi pamlungu. Onjezerani feteleza pang'ono, ndipo ziweto zanu zidzasangalala mosasamala, ngakhale kukula kochepa.

Mukudziwa? Nyuzipepala ya US National Park ikuika ma microchips ku cacti yomwe imamera m'mapaki komanso imakhala ndi mitundu yodzitetezera kuti iteteze kuba. Akuba amakumba cacti, kukonza malonda osaloledwa kumalo osungirako katundu ndi eni eni eni. Zips zimathandiza kuthandizira ndikudziwitsa cacti mutatha malonda.

Kusamba madzi

Kuthirira moyenera kwa astrophytum ndi chinthu chofunika kwambiri. Musapitirire ndi madzi. Ma succulent amapezera chinyezi, kotero nthawi yina imatha popanda kuthirira konse. Kuphatikiza apo, ena mwa anthu okhala m'chipululu angayambe kubwezeretsa ndikuyamba kuyambanso chitukuko pambuyo pa mvula chifukwa cha mizu yosungidwa. Kuthirira astrophytum kumagawidwa mu nthawi ziwiri ndizipadera:

  1. Pa nyengo yokula, kuthirira kumachitika pafupifupi mlungu uliwonse. Imwani nyemba kuti ikhale yodzaza ndi chinyezi. Lolani nthaka kuti iume bwino. Masana, zomera sizimakula ndipo zimayamba kudya chinyezi ndi zowonjezera dzuwa lisanatuluke, choncho imwani pambuyo pa 18:00.
  2. Pofuna kupewa nthaka compaction, ena wamaluwa kuchita pansi kuthirira. Thirani madzi kutentha mkati mwa poto ndikupita kwa mphindi 20 kuti gawolo lidziwe kuchuluka kwa madzi, ndikutsitsa otsalawo. Musasiyitse madzi motalika, kuti musapange zinthu zabwino zothandiza kuti tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tiziyenda bwino.
  3. Kuchokera m'dzinja mpaka kumapeto, kuthirira kwaimitsidwa, koma kumachita pang'onopang'ono. Mlingo wa ulimi wothirira umayesedwa pafupifupi m'matope (osapitirira 30 g) pa mbeu ndipo sangathe kuchitidwa osaposa 1 pa mwezi. Zosiyana ndizo ngati mndandanda wa maluwa okongolawo ukuwongolera, ndipo mukuwona kuti kuti mukhale ndi mawonekedwe omwe muyenera kuwatsanulira. Pamene kutentha kumadutsa pansi pa + 10 ° C, madzi okwanira amasiya.

Madzi kawirikawiri ndi madzi ofunda. Kuthirira kwa nyengo kumayamba pamene chomera chimasonyeza zizindikiro za kukula kwa zitsamba ndi khungu laling'ono.

Mukudziwa? Cactus spines kwenikweni amasinthidwa masamba omwe angapereke zakudya kuchokera mlengalenga. Photosynthesis ya cacti imanyamula tsinde.

Kupaka pamwamba

Chomeracho chimamera kamodzi pamwezi pa nthawi ya kukula. Izi zikhoza kukhala feteleza ofanana ndi zina zonse za cacti, koma ndi zofooka zochepa. Kuyambira kasupe mpaka autumn, nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito feteleza oyenera, omwe ali ndi magawo ofanana ndi nayitrogeni, phosphorous ndi potaziyamu - 20:20:20, kapena kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza ndi kuchepa kwa nayitrogeni. Popeza kugwa kwa astrophytum kusiya kudya. Apo ayi, mkulu wa mchere feteleza m'nthaka akhoza kuwononga mkhalidwe wa mbewu m'nyengo yozizira.

Kuwaza

Kupanga Astrophytum kumachitika pokhapokha ngati kuli kotheka. Mizu yosalala imakhala yovuta kubwezeretsa komanso mizu, ndipo zomera zimatha kufa. Zopatulapo ndizo pamene mizu imaposa mphika wa mphika.

Musanadzalemo chigamba pansi pa mphika, mzere wosanjikiza, njerwa yosweka kapena dothi lochepetsedwa amachotsedwa kuchotsa chinyezi chochuluka kuchokera ku mizu. Miyala yokongoletsera iyenera kuikidwa pamtunda mutatha kuika. Apo ayi, chingwe choyamba chinyama chimayamba kuvunda. Kuwombera kumachitika kumapeto kwa nyengo, pomwe zomera ikangoyamba ndikuyamba kukula. Izi zikuwonekera kuchokera ku mtundu wakunja wa astrophytum. Pamwamba pake pamakhala kuwala. Pogwiritsa ntchito mphika 3-4 masentimita akuluakulu kuposa m'mimba mwake.

Mizuyi imasunthira ku mphika wina pamodzi ndi nthaka. Chomeracho musanayambe kusindikizidwa sichitha madzi kwa masiku angapo. Ndipo kuziika kuchokera youma kuti ziume substrate. Nthawi yoyamba kuthirira ikuchitika patatha mlungu umodzi.

Ndikofunikira! Akulu cacti samalimbikitsa kubzala mobwerezabwereza zaka zisanu zilizonse.

Kuswana

Astrophytum imatulutsa mbewu zokha. Mbewu zimamera nthawi zambiri. Chitani kasupe kabzala mbewu. Pofuna kufesa mbewu za astrophytum, ndikofunikira:

  1. Konzani gawo lapansi la masamba, mtsinje wambiri kapena mchenga wa sitolo ndi miyala yamakala. Zonsezi zigawo zimatengedwa mofanana.
  2. Zokonzekera zigawozi ndi zosakaniza ndi zowonongeka.
  3. Mbewu imatetezedwa motetezedwa m'madzi otentha (+ 30 ... + 35 ° C) ndi njira yochepa ya potassium permanganate kwa mphindi 20. Kenaka anaika pa pepala kuti aziwina pang'ono.
  4. Ikani nthaka mu mphika kapena chidebe.
  5. Dyetsani nyembazo ndi kuziwaza pamwamba ndi dothi losanjikiza kuposa 1 masentimita.
  6. Phimbani ndi magalasi kapena pulasitiki kuti mupangire wowonjezera kutentha ndi kutentha kwa mpweya pafupifupi 20 ° C.
  7. Chotsani magalasi kapena mafilimu nthawi zonse kuti muthe kutsekemera ndi kuthira nthaka. Kuthirira moyenera mutatha kuyanika kwathunthu. Kuchuluka kwa chinyezi sikuloledwa.
  8. Mu sabata, mphukira yoyamba idzawonekera. Mbewu zikangowonjezereka, ziyenera kuikidwa mu miphika yosiyana.

Kubzala mbewu kumapangidwa kuchokera mu March mpaka August, ndiko kuti, nyengo ya kukula.

Mavuto akukula

Kusamalidwa bwino kwa astrophytum kungayambitse matenda kapena tizirombo. Vuto lalikulu limabwera chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito zosakaniza za nthaka. Zomwe zimapezeka mu sitolo ya nthaka zimakhala ndi peat, yomwe ili ndi tizilombo tambirimbiri, komwe astrophytum sichikhazikika ndipo imatha kufa.

Mukudziwa? Mthunzi wonyezimira wa timadzi timene timapanga kuwala kwa dzuwa, motero timathandiza kuti chomera chizizizira. Kuonjezera apo, mphutsi imateteza chomera ku mbalame kapena nyama zomwe zingagwiritse ntchito ngati chitsime cha chinyezi.

Mavuto aakulu anakumana ndi alimi a maluwa:

  1. Brown zofiira mawanga ndi nkhungu pansi pa chomera. Chifukwa chachikulu ndi madzi okwanira kwambiri, makamaka pa kutentha. Kapena kuchuluka kwake kwa nthaka, komwe sikungathe kudutsa chinyezi. Sinthani kusakaniza kwa nthaka kuti mutsegule, ndi mchenga wambiri kapena perlite.
  2. Mabala a Brown pa nthiti - zotsatira za kutentha kwa dzuwa. Sulani zenera kapena kusuntha chomera kupita kumalo othuthuka kwambiri.
  3. Zowonongeka zapadziko lapansi - kuwonongeka ndi tizirombo kapena kuthirira madzi osauka bwino ndi kutayirira kwa laimu, kusowa madzi okwanira ndi kutentha kwa nthawi yokula. Onetsetsani zinthu zanu ndizolemba ndikupanga kusintha.
  4. Kutambasula tsinde ndi chizindikiro cha kuunika kosakwanira kapena kutentha kwa chipinda.

Tizilombo

Nthenda yaikulu tizilombo ta astrophytum ndi scythe. Ichi ndi tizilombo tochepa kuchokera ku banja la coleoptera. Zikuwoneka ngati malo ang'onoang'ono ozungulira pamwamba pa cactus.

Phunzirani momwe mungagwirire ndi chishango pazitsamba za m'nyumba.

Thupi la tizilombo limateteza chishango chimene sichivulaza tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, choncho tikuyenera kuchotsa tizilombo tokha ndi ndodo yaing'ono kapena tizilombo toyamwa tizilombo toledzera. Musanayambe ntchito, mukhoza kuphimba nthaka mu mphika ndi pepala kapena filimu kuti zikhale zosavuta kusonkhanitsa tizilombo zakugwa. Madera omwe awonongeke ndi tizilombo amatha kuchizidwa ndi makala kuti asapewe matenda ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.

Werengani za zomera zomwe zimakonda kwambiri kulima.

Matenda

Matenda aakulu a astrophytum, komanso ma c cacti, amapezeka ndi zinyama zosiyanasiyana. Chomera chabwino ndi chokula chimatha kuthetsa vuto laling'ono palokha. Komabe, ngati atayambitsidwa ndi tizirombo, ndiye kuti phytopathogens imadutsa kudera lomwe lawonongeka. Zitha kulowanso mizu yovunda ndi chinyezi chochulukirapo komanso osauka kwambiri.

Ngati vuto likupezeka, mufunika:

  1. Konzani mpeni wosabala (wothandizidwa ndi madzi ndi bleach kapena mowa).
  2. Chotsani chomera mu mphika.
  3. Yang'anani mizu ndikupeza malo onse opanga maonekedwe, komanso mawanga a mtundu wofiira kapena wofiira.
  4. Dulani madera onse okhudzidwa.
  5. Fukuta dothilo ndi makala.

Mungagwiritsenso ntchito fungicides kuti mugwiritse ntchito, koma sizingakhale zogwirizana ndi bowa zosiyana siyana zomwe zimayambitsa kuwonongeka. Chithandizo chamakono cha zomera ndi mkuwa wochokera ku fungicides amagwiritsidwanso ntchito.

Mukudziwa? Zachilendo, koma ngakhale yaing'ono ya cacti imakhala ndi mizu yambiri. Mwinamwake akhoza kugona mozama, koma kufalikira kudera lalikulu kwambiri, ndipo amatha kufika mamita awiri m'lifupi mwake, choncho zimakhala zowonjezera kubzala cacti osati miphika.
Gulu lotsatira la matenda lingayambidwe chifukwa cha kusowa kwa mchere m'nthaka. Zotsatira zake, zinakhala zamchere kwambiri. Izi ndizochitika pamene kuthirira kumapangidwa kuchokera kumapopi ndi mkulu wa chlorini. Amamera m'nthaka ndikusintha mlingo wa acidity. Yesetsani kugwiritsa ntchito potassium dihydrophosphate kunthaka, kutsatira malangizo pa phukusi pokonzekera. Kuthirira ndi madzi olekanitsa kapena mvula kumathetsanso vutoli. Matenda amatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi mankhwala ochulukirapo m'nthaka pa maziko a peat. Pachifukwa ichi, chomeracho chikuwoneka chikutha, kukula kwake. Kusindikizira astrophytum mu nthaka yoyenera.

Kugwirizana ndi malamulo a chisamaliro cha mbeu kudzakuthandizani kupewa mavuto ambiri ndipo mudzasangalala ndi maluwa.Koma muyeneranso kukumbukira kuti ntchentche si nzika ya nyengo yozizira, ndipo imatha kufa chifukwa cha zotsatira za zilengedwe zomwe zilipo kale. Ndipo izi siziri chifukwa cha zolakwa za wolima.

Nkhani Yosangalatsa