Pali ubwino wochuluka wakukula ku Beijing, ngakhale kuti ngakhale muzochitika zowonjezera zowonjezera zimatha kupeza zokolola ziwiri pa nyengo.
Komanso, kabichi iyi ili ndi zakudya zambiri, ndipo ndizo zamasamba zokoma. Komabe, ambiri amakhalabe okhulupirika kwa kabichi woyera wamba.
Lero tiyesera kufotokozera nthano zonse zokhudza kusakhazikika kwa mikhalidwe yathu kuti kukula kwa "kukwera" komanso kuti n'kovuta kukula.
Zoonadi, sitidzaiwala kunena zakumenyana ndi mavuto atatu akulu omwe amayamba chifukwa cholima masamba awa ndi wamaluwa osadziŵa zambiri: kuwomba mfuti, cruciferous utitiri ndi ntchentche.
Beijing kabichi: kukonzekera chodzala?
Kukonzekera chodzala ndi imodzi mwa nthawi yovuta kwambiri kubzala kabichi. Ndipotu, ngati kuli koyenera kukonzekera zipangizo zodyera, sankhani malo oipa kuti musamalire, musadye nthaka ndi feteleza, ndiye kuti simungayambe kudalira mbewu zabwino.
Makamaka pankhani kukula kabichi kabichi, muyenera kukhala osamala kwambiri, ndipo osachepera nsapato nokha pamaso pa kulingalira.
Kodi ndi zenizeni zowonjezera "kukwera": kutentha, nyengo ndi zina zofunika
Tanena kale kuti, poganizira za Peking kabichi ngati chomera cha Asia, ambiri amaganiza molakwika kuti kuli koyenera kulima pakati pa nyengo yozungulira.
Koma kwenikweni, zinthu ndi zosiyana kwambiri, chifukwa nyengo yotentha ndi tsiku lalitali kwambiri, chomerachi chimamenyana ndi mzere ndi mbewu, popanda kupanga mitu yoyenera kwa wamaluwa.
Choncho, nyengo yathu ndi yoyenera "kuyendetsa" komanso momwe zingathere, ndipo imatilola kulandira mbewu imodzi kuyambira kumayambiriro kwa masika, ndipo yachiwiri m'dzinja.
Kutentha kwakukulu kwa kukula kwake kukuchokera 13 mpaka 20ºС. Pansi kutentha, zomera sizidzakula konse, ndipo pamapiri otentha, zimayambitsa mvi.
Malo oti akule "kuyima" ayenera kusankhidwa dzuwa, ngakhale kuti sitiyenera kuiŵala kuti kuunika kwakukulu kungawononge.
Pofuna kupewa zimenezi, wamaluwa amalangizidwa kuti asagulitse nsalu yapadera yopanda nsalu. Zingakhale zofunikira kwambiri pamene zikukula Chinese kabichi, chifukwa:
- Pansi pogona pang'onopang'ono mbande ndi mbande sizidzawopa frosts. Inde, ngakhale kuti kuteteza kutentha kutentha kumalo akuluakulu, achinyamata amakopeka kwambiri ndi izi.
- Chombo choterechi chidzakhala malo obisika a kabichi kuchokera kutentha kwa dzuwa.
- Chombocho sichingadutse mwachindunji mvula yonse, kupulumutsa kabichi kuchokera ku zowonjezereka za chinyezi m'nthaka. Mwa njira, ndi mvula yambiri imene imayambitsa chomera ichi.
- Nthawi zina zomera zowonongeka zimawonongeka ndi adani awo, omwe amatha kuwona zomera zomwe zili pansi pake.
Monga momwe mwadziwira kale, ndi bwino kuti musabzale Peking kabichi pa mabedi pomwe chinyezi chili pafupi kwambiri. Ndipotu pangozi sizingatheke kuti mizu ikhale yovunda, komanso kuti, chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa chinyezi, dziko lapansi lingakhale lozizira kapena kutenthedwa kwambiri, zomwe sizingakhale zabwino kwa mbewuyo.
Komanso, musayiwale kufotokoza bwino lomwe zomera zomwe zinalima m'munda kale. Kabichi wabwino kwambiri wa Peking udzakula pokhapokha adyo, anyezi, kaloti, mbatata ndi nkhaka.
Choncho, kuchokera ku bedi limodzi kuchokera ku kasupe mungapeze adyo / anyezi / nkhaka, ndipo m'dzinja mukukula kwinakwake.
Timasankha nthaka ndikukonzekera kubzala Peking kabichi
Ponena za nthaka yovomerezeka kwambiri yakukula "kukwera", ndiye yankho ndithudi silidzagwira ntchito.
Chomerachi chikhoza kubala zipatso pa nthaka iliyonse, ngati zisamalidwa bwino.
Komabe, ndi bwino kusankha kuwala, chonde komanso kudutsa mu chinyezi, osachigwira kwa nthawi yaitali (ndiko kuti, muyenera kuthetsa dothi dothi).
Njira yabwino kwa kabichi yonse ndi loam.
Pakukula mbande, humus nthawi zambiri imasakanizidwa ndi kokonati gawo lapansi, ndipo yomaliza imayenera kutengedwa kawiri.
Zotsatira zabwino zinkasonyeza kusakaniza kwa dziko lapansi ndi kuwonjezera kwa zofanana za peat. Nthaka yoteroyo imakhala yathanzi kwambiri kwa mbewu, choncho, mu kutentha ndi kuthirira bwino, mbande zimawonekera modzidzimutsa.
Pofesa mbewu pamtunda, hafu ya lita imodzi ya humus ndi pang'ono ya chinyezi amawonjezeredwa ku chitsime chilichonse, chomwe chimapangitsa kuti zizimera komanso kukula kwa kabichi.
Mukamabzala mbande, bedi liyenera kukumbidwa bwino, kuphatikizapo humus (ngakhale ngati bedi silili lachonde, ndiye kuti feteleza ayenera kuwonjezeka).
Komanso, mabedi ambiri odzala Peking kabichi sali okonzedwa. Ndi bwino kupanga yopapatiza, ndi mizu yakuya pambali, momwe chinyezi chochulukira chidzayenda.
Kodi ndi zinthu ziti zosiyana siyana za "kukwera": nthawi yakucha ndi zokolola
Kawirikawiri, Peking kabichi imaonedwa ngati mbewu yam'mbuyo kwambiri, komabe imakhalanso ndi mitundu yosiyana yokolola. Choncho, pali oyambirira omwe amatha masiku 40-55 kuyambira nthawi yofesa mbewu, sing'anga - mbewu imakhala yogwiritsidwa ntchito masiku 55-60, ndipo nthawi yotsiriza imatha masiku 80.
Ngati tikulankhula za mitundu ya Chinese kabichi, ndiye kuti alimi onse amavomereza kuti zabwino ndi mitundu ya Dutch. Tiyeni titchedwe otchuka kwambiri mwa iwo:
- Peking yoyamba kabichi imayimilidwa ndi mitundu monga "Orange Mandarin" (yomwe imabzalidwa mumapiri, imakhala yokwana 1 kilogram), "Vesnyanka" (cabbages si yaikulu, koma mwamsanga kucha, kugonjetsedwa), "Asten" (kuchokera kubzala mbande kuti vyzrvaniya 1-1.1 kilogalamu ya cobs imatenga pafupi masiku 55), komanso Sprinkin (ili ndi kukoma kwabwino ndipo ikhoza kusungidwa kwa nthawi yaitali mutatha kusonkhanitsa).
- Pakati pa mitundu yobiriwira, "Galasi" imatengedwa kuti ndi yabwino kwambiri (imakhala ndi mitu yaikulu ya kabichi - 2 kg palemera), "Bilko" (chikhalidwe cha cabbages cholemera 1.5 kilogalamu yabwino), Vorozheya (pafupifupi palibe mivi, zipatso zolemera mpaka 2 kilogalamu).
- Ndikumapeto kwa mtundu wa kabichi wa Chinese, m'pofunika kuti mukhale ndi "Russian Russian" (mtsogoleri wa kukula kwa mitu ndi 3-4 kilogalamu), "Nick" (zipatso za ellipsoid zolemera makilogalamu 3) mukhoza kutentha ngati kabichi woyera wamba, "Parkin" ( zipatso zing'onozing'ono zopitirira 1 kilogalamu, koma ndi kukoma kwabwino kwambiri).
Mbewu yokonzekera kubzala m'nthaka
Kufesa mbewu za kabichi kumadziwikiranso ndi zosavuta kale, popeza sizikusowa ngakhale kutsekemera.
Kawirikawiri, mbewu zogulidwa zimatha kutumizidwa ku nthaka osadandaula ngati zidzakula kapena ayi.
Mukakulitsa mbewu zanu nokha kapena wina wakulipirani pang'ono, ena mwa iwo amafunika kumera kuti aone ngati akuyenera kufesa. Pochita izi, amaikidwa pamatope amodzi, amaphimbidwa ndipo amasiyidwa m'malo otentha kwa kanthawi (chinyezi cha nsalu chiyenera kusungidwa nthawi zonse).
Kawirikawiri, pambuyo pa masiku 3-5 ayenera kumera. Ngati izi sizikuchitika ngakhale pambuyo pa sabata, ndi bwino kuyang'ana mbewu zina.
Zimakhalanso zosangalatsa kuwerenga nsonga za kukula kabichi woyera.
Tili kufesa mbewu ndi kubzala mbande za Peking kabichi
Poyamba kubzala Beijing kabichi, ndikofunikira kuti mudziwe ndi nthawi yofesa mbewu zake. Komanso, nthawi yobzala pa mzere woongoka idzadalira ngati padzakhala mivi pa chomera, kapena mudzatha kulira mokwanira.
Koma chinthu chofunikira kwambiri sichiopa mantha, chifukwa pochita khama kumakhala kosavuta kusiyana ndi kufotokozedwa.
Kufika masiku "Peking": nthawi yopitilira kupewa masewera
Tanena mobwerezabwereza kuti mukhoza kubzala Peking kabichi kawiri nthawi imodzi ndikupeza zokolola zabwino kwambiri. Choncho, nthawi yoyamba imabzalidwa kumapeto kwa mbeu, yomwe mbewu zimabzalidwa mbande kuyambira kumapeto kwa March, ndi yachiwiri - m'chilimwe, ndipo mbewu zimabzalidwa kumapeto kwa June.
Pakuti kubzala mbande amasankhidwa nthawi ngati nthawi ya tsiku siitalika, koma nthawi yomweyo kutentha kwa mpweya ndi dothi kumakhala kutentha (pamwamba pa 13-20ºє) ndikukhazikika.
Kutsika koyamba, komwe kumatchedwa oyambirira kasupe, kumachitika kuyambira 15 mpaka 20 April. Panthawi imeneyi, nyengo ya chisanu imapezeka nthawi zambiri, yomwe imatha kuvulaza mbewu. Pofuna kupewa izi, nkofunika kwambiri mutangotha. kuphimba kabichi ndi nsalu.
Chabwino amapulumutsa chisanu nthaka mulching.
M'nyengo yozizira-kubzala kwa mbande za Peking kabichi kumachitika kuyambira July 20 mpaka 10 August. Adzakhala ndi nthawi yambiri yokula ndikupita patsogolo, kotero ngakhale musanayambe kugula chisanu mungathe kukolola bwino.
Ndondomeko yobzala: Kodi ndi malo angati omwe mukufunikira Peking kabichi kuti ikule?
Kubzala kabichi kungakhale kopanda ndi mbande popanda. Pachiyambi choyamba, mbewu za zomera izi zimayikidwa mu miphika ya nthaka kuti akuya 0,5-1 masentimita. Malo ochulukitsa kukula kwa mbande sikofunikira, ngakhale kuli bwino kuyika mbewu pamtunda wa masentimita 1-2 kuchokera kwa wina ndi mzake.
Pambuyo masiku 2-3, mphukira ziyenera kuonekera, ndipo patatha masiku 25-30, komanso maonekedwe a masamba 4-5 pa mbande, akhoza kuikidwa pamalo otseguka.
Ngati mwasankha kubzala mbeu nthawi yomweyo, zomwe zimalandiridwa kuti zizichita m'chilimwe, ndiye kuti muyenera kukonzekera mabowo apadera.
Mwa njira, mapangidwe a mabowo adzakhala ofanana ndi kachitidwe ka mbeu yobzala: 25-30 masentimita pakati pa zomera ndi pakati pa mizere (mukhoza kusiya malo ambiri pakati pa mizera kuti apange njira yabwino kwambiri yogwiritsira ntchito zomera).
Chitsime chilichonse chiyenera kumangidwanso mwa kutsanulira hafu ya lita imodzi ya humus (kompositi) mmenemo, komanso kuwonjezera pafupifupi supuni 2 za phulusa.
Pofuna kupanga feteleza bwino kulowa m'nthaka ndikufika msanga pazitsamba, madzi ambiri amathamangiranso m'zitsime. Ngati mubzala mbewu - ayenera kuikidwa mkati mwa masentimita 1-2.
Mukamabzala mbande muyenera kuganizira kukula kwake, koma palibe chifukwa choti musamuike m'manda.
Kodi mungasamalire bwanji Peking kabichi m'munda wanu kuti mukwaniritse zokolola zambiri?
Kusamalira zomera zamasamba, zomwe aliyense sakonda kwambiri, ngati akukula Chinese kabichi, palibe njira iliyonse yopezera izo. Ngakhale kuti, sizingatheke, koma tizirombo tambiri timakonda kwambiri, motero, popanda zofunikira, sizidzatheka kupeza zotsatira zabwino.
Komanso, mlimi aliyense amafuna mphamvu zake zonse kuti apititse patsogolo zotsatira za fruiting ya kabichi, zomwe tidzakuthandizani kupanga ndi malingaliro anu.
Mmene mungagwirire ndi tizirombo ndi matenda a Peking kabichi?
Tizilombo toopsya kwambiri "kukwera" ndizomwe zimakhala zovuta kwambiri. Zimakhala zovuta kwambiri kumenyana ndi oyambirira, chifukwa zimabweretsa mavuto aakulu kwa zomera ndipo nthawi zambiri sitingathe kuzikonza.
Pa chifukwa chimenechi, ndi bwino kutsatira ndondomeko zotsatirazi:
- Bzalani zomera mmwambazi, pamene tizilombo tisanafikepo, kapena kuti zatha kale.
- Gwiritsani ntchito nsalu yopanda nsalu kuti mukhale malo obisika a Peking kabichi.
- Ngakhale asanakhalepo mbande, bedi liyenera kukhala phulusa ndi phulusa.
- Ndikofunika kusintha mbeu pamabedi molondola, ndipo palibe chomwe chiyenera kuti muyambe kubzala pambuyo pa radishes, mpiru ndi mitundu ina ya kabichi.
- Mukhoza kusakaniza zikhalidwe, zomwe nthawi zina zimapusitsa tizilombo. Kotero, kabichi iyi ikhoza kusakanizidwa ndi tomato, adyo, anyezi, nkhaka, mbatata komanso petunias.
Ngati izi sizikuthandizani, nkofunika kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala opangidwa ndi tizilombo - "Phyto-farm" kapena "Bitoksibatsilin", komanso kulimbikitsa ntchito yawo pofufumitsa ndi phulusa ndi fodya. Ngati mwawona ntchito inayake ya tizilombo - gwiritsani ntchito mankhwala - "Aktar", "Inta-Vira" (koma pasanathe mwezi umodzi isanafike nthawi yokolola.
Ndi slugs ndikumenyera zida. Makamaka, n'zotheka kuyika masamba a burdock, matabwa pamtunda / pomwe adzalumphira ndi njira zonse ndikupondereza tizilombo tokha. Kuwonjezera apo, kabichi ikhoza kutsitsidwa ndi chisakanizo cha phulusa, mchere, mpiru wa mpiru, tsabola wofiira.
Momwe Mungamwetsere "Peking": Nthawi Zonse ndi Ma Volume
Kuthirira ndi chimodzi mwa zinthu zofunika kwambiri posamalira kabichi wa Chitchaina.
Komabe, ndikofunikira kuti musapitirire ndi vutoli, chifukwa, monga tanena kale, chinyezi chochuluka chingayambitse chomera ndi zomera zonse kuvunda. Choncho, ngakhale mbande imayimitsidwa kuti imwanire pambuyo pa sabata yoyamba ya kukula (ngakhale pamene ikukula kumalo otseguka nthaka, zimakhala zovuta kuganizira za nyengo).
Kawirikawiri, kuthirira sikuyenera kuchitidwa kamodzi pa sabata, ngakhale kuli koyenera kugwiritsa ntchito madzi ambiri okwanira. Chinthu china chofunika ndi madzi ayenera kukhala ofundaApo ayi, chomeracho chikhoza kuchitapo kanthu mopweteketsa kutentha kusintha.
Malangizo abwino amakhalanso kuti bedi lomwe tatha kale patatha sabata mutabzala lingakhale lokhala ndi mulch. Sitidzangokhala ndi chinyezi m'nthaka bwino, koma chidzakhalanso cholepheretsa kukula pa bedi la namsongole. Nthawi yamasika, mulch amatetezeranso chisanu.
Timadyetsa mabedi ndi kabichi wa China: ndi feteleza ati omwe amafunikira?
Kudyetsa "Peking" kungayambike mkati mwa masabata awiri mutabzala mbewu pamalo osatha.
Mukhoza kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza zotsatirazi, ndikuwerengera 1 lita imodzi pa mbeu:
- Madzi + mullein (1:10).
- Madzi osewera nkhuku (1:20).
- Madzi + zitsamba (1: 9).
Ngati kabichi idabzalidwa kumapeto kwa nyengo - ikani manyowa katatu, m'chilimwe - ziwiri zokha.
Kuti apange mitu yabwino, amathiridwa mankhwalawa: 2 magalamu a boric acid pa 1 lita imodzi ya madzi otentha + 9 malita ozizira.
Timagwiritsa ntchito kabichi ya Peking kuti ikhale yowonjezereka.
Ndizotheka kubzala mbande za Peking kabichi patangotha sabata umodzi pambuyo pa kumera. Pachifukwa ichi, makapu ndi mabokosi omwe ali nawo amawonekera kuwala kwa dzuwa, ndipo kwa kanthaŵi kochepa amabweretsa mpweya wabwino kuti asinthe ndi kuzizira.
Kukolola ndi kusungira zokolola za Peking kabichi
Mukhoza kudula makhageges omwewo "Peking", omwe atha kale kwambiri.
Mu kugwa, musamafulumire, popeza sakuopa -4ºC.
Mungathe kusunga kabichi ya chilimwe kokha, kukulunga ndikumamatira filimu ndikuisiya m'chipinda chokhala ndi kutentha kwa + 5-7 ºС.
