Zinyama zazing'ono ndi zovulaza zazitsamba: birchi, zipatso ndi thundu

Mu kapangidwe ka thunthu la mtengo uliwonse pamakhala chofunika kwambiri cha thupi - chokhazikika.

Amadzaza malo pakati pa mtengo wa nkhuni ndi makungwa, ndi wotsogolera zakudya ndi madzi kuyambira mizu kufikira korona ndi kumbuyo.

M'chikhalidwe chokoma ichi ndi kachilombo kakang'ono kochokera ku banja la makungwa a makungwa - sapwood.

Sapwood mitundu ndi zigawo za kufalitsa

Mitundu 200 ya tizilombo toyambitsa matenda amalowa m'gulu la tizilombo tomwe timapanga zipatso za Northern Northern and South America, ndipo 50 mwa iwo akuyimiridwa mu gulu laling'ono m'dziko lathu.

Tizilombo timene timapanga "apadera" m'mapiri (apulo, peyala, ndi zina) ndi zomera zakutchire monga mountain ash, hawthorn, cornel, deciduous ndi coniferous mitengo.

Nthawi yonse ya chitukukochi imayamba kuchitika mu mtengo wofunika kwambiri wa mtengo, choncho kumupangitsa iye kuwonongeka kosalephereka, kukumba m'magawo ambiri, kuwagwedeza ndi pulasitiki, kuwononga maselo a cambium (kuwonjezera kulemera kwa thunthu), kuchititsa machiritso.

Kuti mudziwe zambiri: Chikumbu china cha sapwood chimapyoza moyo wake mpaka masentimita atatu kutalika kwa masentimita 6. Mtsikana mmodzi amakhala ndi mazira 100. Mukhoza kulingalira za kuwonongeka kwa mbozi imodzi yokha ya tizirombozi.

Pafupi mtundu uliwonse wa nkhuni khalani ndi zitsulo zanu (mono-phage), yomwe imakonda zomera izi kuti zikhalepo:

• chipatso chosapsa;
• birch sap;
• mtengo;
• amondi;
• hornbeam, ndi zina zotero.

Mitundu ina imasonyeza chisankho cha dera logawa:

• Ussuri;
• Moravitsa sapwood (Dauria, kumpoto chakum'mawa China).

Kusiyanasiyana kwa mitundu yamtunduwu kumaperekedwa ndi zochitika za morphological za tizilombo:

• chithunzi;
• makwinya;
• Sapman

Mitundu Yowonjezera Zipatso

1. Sapod - kachilomboka kofiira ka oligophage:
   • mpaka 4mm;
   • ndi elytra yonyezimira ndi pronilum equilateral;
   • mimba ya magawo 8, molunjika, pamtunda;
   • mutu wawung'ono, motero, utakalowa mu chifuwa;
   • nyamakazi ndi mazira ophimba pamphepete (makoswe), tsitsi lonse;
   • Paws asanu ndi limodzi ndi dzino la apical pamtunda;
   • ndi tsitsi lolemera ndi mamba wophimba thupi lonse.
2. Mitunduyi imadziwika ndi kugonana.
3. Mazira ndi maonekedwe oyera, opangidwa ndi mawonekedwe okwana 1 mm aliyense. Pogona - mazira 50-100.
4. Mphutsi ndi yoyera, yofewa, ndi tinge chikasu, mpaka 5 mm; ndi callus pads zomwe zimapereka kwa kayendedwe; munthu wamkulu - wakuda bulauni;
5. Nkhupa imakhala yoyera mtundu wa kachilomboka kamene kakugwirizana ndi kukula kwake; wandiweyani, wapangidwe kochepa, ndi mapiko okongola kwambiri obisala miyendo.

Zoona: Chikumbu china, makina opangidwa ndi makwinya, amayesa kutaya mitengo ya zipatso, makamaka mitengo ya miyala. Ndi yaying'ono mu kukula (mpaka 3 mm) ndi malasha akuda opanda gloss. Ndege zake pofunafuna nyumba yatsopano zimayambira mwezi umodzi - kuyambira July mpaka August.

Chithunzi

Mutha kuona momwe sapwood akuwonekera pa chithunzi pansipa:

Ndondomeko ya chitukuko cha birch kuyamwa

1. Kuwoneka kwa kachilomboka pamtengo womwe umakhala nyumba yake ukugwera kumayambiriro kwa June - pakati pa July.

   Mbalame yamapiri yotentha imasankha thunthu ndi nthambi zakuda za mtengo zimadwala pambuyo pa nyengo yozizira kapena chifukwa cha kuswa kwa chikhalidwe chaulimi cha mtengo, kudumphira mwa iwo ndikupanga ndime zochepa, kumadyetsa ana aang'ono. Kumeneko, pansi pa khungwa, kusonkhana m'magulu, iye azikhalabe m'nyengo yozizira.

2. Mayiyo ali ndi ntchito ina: amafunika kugwiritsira ntchito masterbatch ndi kutambasula kwazitali ndi mazenera am'mbali.

   Kuchita ntchito yotereyi kumafuna khama, choncho amayi akukonzekera malo oti azikhala nawo Amadyetsa mwamphamvu madzi omwe amapanga madzi.

3. Feteleza amapezeka pamtunda waukulu, pomwe mkaziyo amaika mazira pa phokoso loyambanso ndipo amawasindikiza ndi ndowe kuchokera ku ufa.

   Atakwaniritsa cholinga chake ndipo atseka khomo lalikulu ndi thupi lake, limamwalira.

4. Mu kutentha kwa danga lotsekedwa, mazira amasanduka mphutsi, zomwe zikupanga mavesi atsopano mosiyana, kudya nkhuni. Nthawi yozizira pansi pa makungwa, amasiya kudya kufikira masika.
5. Pakatikati pa mwezi wa May, atatha kumaliza, mphutsi kumapeto kwa maphunziroyo imakhazikitsa "chisa cha pupal", kumene pulogalamu ikuchitika.
6. Patadutsa milungu iwiri, kachilomboka kamatuluka ku pupa, kukonzekera kufunafuna nyumba yake. Kuti achoke, birch sapling akhoza kungoyambira panthawi yomwe akufuna.

Nkofunikira: Chizindikiro choyamba cha chiwonongeko cha mtengo ndi chipatso cha zipatso ndi ufa wochepa wophimba utsi wothira kuchokera kuzinthu zazing'ono. Pa zipatso zamwala - chingamu chimatuluka kwambiri. Mtengo umafooketsa, umachepetsa zokolola, ndipo, ngati umabala zipatso, umachepa ndi ubwino wa chipatso.

Kuletsa ndi njira zothandizira

Kugwiritsa ntchito njira zogwiritsira ntchito kachilomboka ndi ana ake pa magawo osiyanasiyana a chitukuko kusiyanitsa mitundu yotsutsa yotsatilayi:

1. Komatu - kuti athetse kufalikira kwa sapwood.
2. Kupititsa patsogolo ulimi wa ulimi kuti ukhale ndi thanzi labwino komanso kuthetseratu zikhalidwe zomwe zimathandiza kuti mbeu ikhale yobereka:
   • zosankha zosiyanasiyana;
   • kudulira;
   • kuthirira okwanira;
   • chakudya chomera.
   Thandizo: Chomera chokha chokha chimatha kuthana ndi sapwood. Pochita izi, amatha kutsanulira madzi ndi mphutsi za mphutsi ndi mphutsi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti wophedwayo afe.
3. Zamoyo. Amanama kukopa anthu - tizilombo (kuchokera ku banja la Hymenoptera) ndi mbalame, zomwe ndi adani achilengedwe a sapwood, kapena acarifagov - bowa ndi mabakiteriya, owopsa kwa zinyama. Mitengo ndi matabwa, greenfly imathamanga ndi anteraceae (pestryak) ndi othandiza kwambiri polimbana ndi zipatso zamtengo wapatali.
4. Mankhwala - asapatsire milungu iwiri iliyonse ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ("Aktar", "Vector", "Mospilan", "Confidor") kapena phosphor-organic. Pofuna kulimbana ndi kachilomboka, jekeseni wa pyrethroids yachitsulo imagwiritsidwanso ntchito ("Decis", "Sherpa", "Fastak").

Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti mphutsi ndi ziphuphu za khungwa sizilumphira kutentha kwa chilimwe ndi dzuwa lotseguka.

Chiwerengero cha anthu chikukhudzidwa kwambiri ndi kuwonjezeka kwa chinyezi kapena kutentha kwapakati pa kuthawa kwa nyamakazi. Chilala ndi chowopsa kwa iwo.

Malingana ndi chidziwitso ichi, mukhoza kumanga njira zowonetsera munda kuti usagwidwe ndi tizilombo.