Kukongola ndi fungo losakumbukika la zipatso za chitumbuwa panthawi ya maluwa nthawi zambiri zimakondedwa ndi olemba ndakatulo omwe amafotokoza chodabwitsa ichi mu mitundu yosiyanasiyana yowala komanso yowala.
Zoonadi, mtengo wamtengo wapatali, wokongola, wokhala ndi kubzala bwino ukhoza kupereka chimwemwe chochuluka kwa mwini wake.
M'chaka, izi ndi maluwa osakhwima omwe amadzaza malo ozungulira ndi zonunkhira zawo, m'chilimwe - zowutsa mudyo, ma ruby zipatso, zokongoletsera zamtengo wapatali za munda uliwonse, ndipo, ndithudi, zokometsera zokoma ndi zokometsera, zomwe zimakondweretsa akulu ndi ana.
Mwachidule, chitumbuwa ndi chomera choposa kuyenera kukhala m'munda uliwonse, kuchokera kumadera akummwera kupita kumadera ozizira ndi ozizira. Pa chifukwa chimenechi, amasangalala kwambiri ndi chikondi kuchokera kwa wamaluwa ambiri omwe amamera pazinthu zawo.
Pakalipano, pali mitundu yambiri ya yamatcheri, omwe amafunidwa kuti azilima m'madera osiyanasiyana.
Mmodzi wa iwo ndi a Belarus a mitundu ya yamatcheri a Vianok, omwe amadziwika ndi kudzichepetsa ndi zokolola zambiri, kufotokoza kwathunthu kwa maonekedwe ndi zithunzi za chipatso pambuyo pake.
Mbiri yobereketsa ndi dera loswana
Zolinga za kuswana kwa mitundu yosiyanasiyanayi ndi gulu la Institute of Horticulture ya National Academy of Sciences ya Belarus, yomwe ndi antchito ake: E.P. Syubarova, R.M. Sulimova, M.I. Vyshinskaya ndi TS Wide
Anagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati kholo. kalasi "Novodvorskaya".
Ku Russia, chifukwa cha kuyesedwa kwa boma, "Vyanok" inayambitsidwa mu 2004, komwe, chifukwa cha makhalidwe ake abwino, zokolola zambiri ndi nyengo yozizira, mwamsanga zinakhala zotchuka kwambiri m'zaka zingapo zoyambirira zitatha.
Mitundu yambiri yamatcheri monga Morozova Dessert, Wopatsa ndi Zhukovskaya imatchuka.
Kuwonekera Cherry Bream
Ganizirani mosiyana mawonekedwe a mtengo ndi zipatso.
Mtengo
"Vyanok" akutanthauza mpaka pamtundu wamtundu wotchuka cholinga cha chilengedwe chonse cha nthawi ya kukhwima. Mitengo amasiyana kwambiri ndi wamtali ndi wamkulu, kukhala ndipamwamba kwambiri korona wa sing'anga makulidwe, pyramidal mawonekedwe. Kutalika kwa zomera wamkulu kumakhala pakati pa 2.5 ndi 3.0 mamita.
Kharitonovskaya, Fairy ndi Chernokorka zimakhalanso ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana.
Zipatso
Zipatso za chitumbuwa ichi osati lalikulu kwambiri, kulemera kwake kwa zipatso ndi pafupifupi 4 magalamu, kuzungulira, zosalala, zokongola, olemera burgundy hue. Kupatukana ku tsinde - mosavuta, popanda chinyezi.
Mwala - waung'ono, pafupifupi 3.1 - 5% mwa kuchuluka kwa mimba ya mwanayokutengedwa popanda khama.
Nyama yofiira yamdima imasiyanitsidwa ndi kusakanikirana kwapakati, juiciness kwambiri, imakhala ndi kukoma kokoma ndi zowawa.
Mtundu wa madzi umatanthauza ma griots kapena moreli, okhala ndi madzi a mdima. Kulawa kuyesa zipatso - 4.5 mfundo. Gululi limaphatikizaponso Griot wa Moscow, Volochaevka ndi Vladimirskaya.
Mitengo ya fruiting imapezeka kuchokera m'chaka chachitatu chomwe amakhala kumalo osatha. Kupsa kwathunthu kumachitika pakati pa chilimwe (mu July).
Chithunzi
Makhalidwe osiyanasiyana
Imodzi mwa ubwino waukulu wa zosiyanasiyana "Bream" ndi kukoma kwake. Zipatso za chipatso chake ndi izi:
| Chiwerengero cha | Kupanga |
|---|---|
| Misa kakang'ono ka nkhani youma | 11,4 % |
| Anatulutsa acides | 1,1 % |
| Sahara | 7,82 % |
| Ascorbic acid | 5.2 mg / 100 g |
| Pectin | 0,47 % |
Kuonjezera apo, ili ndi zokolola zabwino kwambiri za matani 13 pa hekitala.
Zokolola zapamwamba zimasonyezedwa ndi Black Large, Nadezhda ndi Rossoshanskaya Black.
Zotsatira izi zimapereka Chiwembu cholowera 5 x 3 mpogwiritsa ntchito rootstocks zakutchire, ndi zabwino yozizira hardiness, kulola kuti mtengowo ukhale ndi kutentha kosatha kosatha, kuphatikizapo otsika kwambiri.
Mayak, Novella ndi Yenikeev Memories amakhalanso odziletsa.
Malangizo othandiza: Tsogolo likakolola yamatcheri makamaka amadalira kusonkhanitsa zipatso. Mukawadula m'magulu, mukhoza kuwononga nthambi ya maluwa, pamtunda umene fruiting yotsatira imadalira.
Zina mwa makhalidwe abwino a "Mitambo ya mphepo" ndiyeneranso kukumbukira. Kukaniza matenda ndi tizirombo. Izi yamtengo wapatali sagwirizana kwambiri ndi coccomycosis ndi moniliasis. Kusiyanitsa kuphweka ndi kudzichepetsa muzamagetsi.
Resin, Tsarevna Felt ndi Morozovka amasonyezeranso kuti ndi odzichepetsa polima.
Kubzala ndi kusamalira
Kuti chitumbuwa chikhale bwino m'munda ndipo chaka chilichonse chipatso, kutsata malamulo ake obzala ndi ofunika kwambiri. Ndikofunika kuyika mitengo yaing'ono pamunda umene uli ndi chitetezo chabwino cha mphepo. Malo abwino kwambiri a malo ake: kukwera kwazing'ono kumadera akum'mwera chakumwera kapena kumwera chakumadzulo kwa munda.
Cherry ndi nthaka yabwino loamy ndi mtundu wa mchenga wowala, wokhala ndi mpweya wabwino komanso madzi.
Mukakulira pa dothi lolemera, limakula pang'onopang'ono ndipo limapereka zokolola zambiri.
Sandstone nawonso si abwino kwa chomera ichi.
Cherry ali ndi kuchepetsa kukula kwa iwo, chifukwa chake alibe nthawi yokonzekera nthawi yozizira.
Mabala a Peatlands sali oyenera kubzala chifukwa cha acidity ndi coldness yawo. Izi zikutanthauza kuti pamtundu uwu mtengo umafunika kuchita zambiri zowonjezereka.
Chizindikiro cha nthaka acidity ndi 6.5 - 7.0, kuya kwake kwa malo a pansi ndi kuchokera ku 1.5 mpaka 2.0 mamita.
- Tikufika
Cherry bwino bwino kasupe kubzala. Mabomba akufika akukonzekera izi. miyeso ya pafupifupi 70 - 80 masentimita, ndi kuya kwa masentimita 60.Pansi pake pali phulusa la nthaka yakuda ndi kuwonjezera kwa kompositi kapena manyowa abwino (osapitirira 15-30 magalamu pa mtengo). Dothi la phulusa kapena fetereza fetereza likuwonjezeredwa pamenepo.
Nkofunikira: osati manyowa, laimu, nitrogen-based feteleza mu dzenje pamene mutabzala sungapangidwe!
Mzere wa mizu uli pamtunda, poganizira kuti pambuyo pake udzakhazikika pafupi ndi masentimita 2-5.Mtengowo umayenera kudula. Pa nthawi yomweyi, nthambi zazikulu ndi woyendetsa amfupikitsidwa ndi 1/3 ya kutalika kwake.
- Kupaka pamwamba
Pamene dzenje lodzala ndilodzazidwa bwino m'chaka choyamba ndi chachiwiri cha moyo, yamatcheri amadyetsedwa ndi ammonium nitrate mu chiwerengero cha 15-30 g pa mtengo mbiya.
Pambuyo pa kuyamba kwa fruiting (kwa zaka 3-4), 4-6 makilogalamu a organic feteleza, 9 g wa potaziyamu ndi nayitrogeni ndi 6 g ya phosphorous akuwonjezeka pa 1 mita mita ya korona mu kulingalira. Kudyetsa uku kumachitidwa kamodzi pakatha zaka zinayi.
Kugwa, yamatcheri amadyetsedwa ndi phosphorous ndi potaziyamu, kuwabweretsa iwo akamakumba mumtengo. Zovala zapamwamba za Foliar zomwe zingagwiritsidwe ntchito chimodzimodzi ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo zimathandizanso kwambiri pa chikhalidwe ichi.
- Kuthirira
Cherry ndi wovuta kwambiri kukhala ndi chinyezi chokwanira. Makamaka ayenera kuyang'anitsitsa panthawi ya kukula kwake ndi kucha zipatso.
Pakakhala mphepo, madzi amatha nthawi yomweyo mvula ikasiya, kwinakwake kumayambiriro kwa mwezi wa May, kumayambiriro kwa mwezi wa June, kenako, kumapeto kwa June, masabata 3-4 mutatha maluwa, ndipo mu July, ngati kuli kotheka.
Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti kumwa madzi ochulukirapo panthawiyi kungapangitse kuti zipatso za kucha zidzasokoneza ndi kutaya zokamba zawo.
Kuti chitumbuwa chisavutike m'nyengo yozizira bwino, m'nyengo yozizira iyenera kuthiriridwa kuyambira September mpaka kumayambiriro kwa mwezi wa Oktoba. Kuthira kwa ulimi: 50-60 malita pa 1 mita imodzi, mpaka masentimita 40.
- Kudulira
Kuti mupeze zipatso zabwino za zokoma ndi zonunkhira zipatso, yamatcheri amafunika kuti azidula bwino. Chitani ichi musanayambe kuwuka kwa impso, m'masiku oyambirira a masika. Kukonza kumachitika m'njira ziwiri: kupatulira kapena kufupikitsa.Kupukuta kumachotsa nthambi zofooka, matenda omwe akukula molakwika. Mukakfupikitsa, mbali ya kukula imachotsedwa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mbewu zikule bwino. Kucheka sikuyenera kukhala kolimba kwambiri.
Pa nthawi yomweyo, mitengo yoyamba ya 5-6 imangoumbidwa kuti izilepheretsa kukula kwa mphukira zachinyamata komanso kuwonjezeka kwa nthawi yakucha.
Mzere wa mizu uli pamtunda, poganizira kuti pambuyo pake udzakhazikika pafupi ndi masentimita 2-5.
Kuti mupeze zipatso zabwino za zokoma ndi zonunkhira zipatso, yamatcheri amafunika kuti azidula bwino. Chitani ichi musanayambe kuwuka kwa impso, m'masiku oyambirira a masika. Kukonza kumachitika m'njira ziwiri: kupatulira kapena kufupikitsa.Matenda ndi tizirombo
Mitundu yambiri "Vyanok" imawoneka kuti ikutsutsana ndi matenda ambiri. Ndipo chofunika kwambiri, sichimvetsetsa mdani wake wamkulu - coccomycosis, omwe amadziwika ngati mawonekedwe aang'ono ofiira-abuluu omwe amawonekera pa masamba ndi phokoso la pinki - conidial sporulation, akuwoneka pansi pawo.
Zotsatira zake, masamba amauma ndi kugwa, ndipo pamene matendawa amanyalanyazidwa, masamba amakhetsedwa mu July, chifukwa cha mtengo umenewo sungathe kupulumuka ngakhale nyengo yozizira.
Nthendayi imayambitsidwa ndi bowa omwe amakhala m'mamasamba akugwa omwe ali pamwamba pa nthaka. M'chaka, spores zake zimafalikira kudutsa m'munda ndipo zimapatsira achinyamata masamba.
Kukaniza coccomycosis kungathenso kudzitama ndi Ashinskaya, Tamaris, Podbelskaya, ndi Lebedyanskaya.
Pofuna kupewa chitukuko cha matendawa m'pofunikira kuchita zovuta processing yamatcheri m'nthawi yake. Chiwerengero chawo chiyenera kukhala osachepera 4 pachaka:
- 1 - kumayambiriro kwa kasupe, kutupa impso. Kuyankhulana kwa fungicides kumagwiritsidwa ntchito (Bordeaux madzi, opangidwa, mkuwa oxychloride, etc.).
- 2 - mu nthawi yoyamba maluwa. Kukonzekera kwa gulu la dongosolo ("Skor", "Topsin M").
- 3 - mwamsanga mutangotha.
- 4 - masabata awiri pambuyo pa 3.
Cherry ikhoza kukonzedwanso pambuyo pa zipatso zokolola, pamene zikukhudzidwa ndi nsabwe za m'masamba.
Kuti zitheke bwino, mankhwalawa ayenera kusinthidwa. Ndibwino kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osakaniza ndi mankhwala osokoneza bongo kapena kuphatikiza fungicides ndi tizirombo motsutsana ndi tizirombo. Kusakanikirana bwino: "Skor", motsutsana ndi coccomycosis ndi "Fufanon" ku nsabwe za m'masamba.
Mwachidule, pansi pa malamulo odzala ndi kusamalira bwino, chitumbuwa "Vyanok" chimakhazikika mu munda uliwonse. Panthaŵi imodzimodziyo, imatha kukula m'madera ndi nyengo yozizira. Ndipo, potsata malamulo osavuta a sayansi yamagetsi, kusunga ulamuliro wolondola wa feteleza ndi kuthirira, chikhalidwe chokongola ichi chidzakondweretsa chaka chilichonse ndi kukolola kochuluka, yowutsa mudyo ndi zokoma zipatso.
Ngati mukufuna zosiyanasiyana ndi kucha, yang'anani mitundu ya Morozova Dessert, Resin kapena Podbelskaya.
Penyani kanema pa zosiyanasiyana yamatcheri.
