Nyemba zimatengedwa kuti ndi zopanda mbewu. Kumbali imodzi, titha kuvomerezana ndi izi - chikhalidwe sichabwino kwambiri. Koma, kumbali ina, pali malamulo angapo, kusamvetsetsa komwe kungasokoneze zokolola. Mukakulitsa nyemba, bwino zimadalira kubzala koyenera.
Kubzala ndi kukula mbande za nyemba
Munjira yodzala, nyemba zimamera makamaka kumpoto kuti zitheke nthawi yokolola mwachidule nyengo yachilimwe. Pakati pa Russia ndi maiko akumwera palibe chifukwa chofunikira chobzala nyemba, zitha kufesedwa nthawi yomweyo.
Kukonzekera akasinja ndi dothi
Mbande za nyemba sizimalekerera kuwonongeka kwa mizu mukamadzala, motero sikulimbikitsidwa kuti ikule mumabokosi kapena m'matumba, ndibwino kugwiritsa ntchito muli muli osiyana. Itha kukhala makapu apulasitiki, koma mbande ziyenera kuchotsedwa mosamala kwa iwo. Njira yoyenera - mapoto a peat kapena makapu apepala. Potere, mbewu zikafesedwa pamalo okhazikika, mizu imadzasungidwa bwino.
Ngati mukukula mbande za nyemba mumphika wa peat, muzu wanu sudzawonongeka mukamadzala mbewu
Chofunikira pa dothi kuti mbande zikulime ndi kuyamwa kwambiri, kupuma komanso mawonekedwe otayirira. Chimodzi mwazolemba zomwe zili munthaka zingalimbikitsidwe:
- Magawo awiri a peat, magawo awiri a humus ndi gawo limodzi la utuchi (osakaniza peat). Pamaso kuwonjezera utuchi pamsanganizo, amatsukidwa katatu ndi madzi otentha.
- Kompositi ndi turf zofanana.
- Magawo atatu a munda wamaluwa ndi magawo awiri a nthaka ya turf.
Pafupifupi mchenga ziwiri% ndi phulusa pang'ono ziyenera kuwonjezeredwa pazosakaniza ziwiri zomaliza.
Kupanga chithandizo cha mbewu
Kuchulukitsa nyemba zanu ndikuziteteza ku matenda, muyenera kuchitira chithandizo. Zili motere:
- Kuletsa Poyamba, mutha kukana mbewu zowonongeka kapena zosasinthika. Zomera zomwe zasankhidwa zimasungidwa mu njira ya 3-5% ya sodium chloride. Mbewu zomwe zafalikira pamtunda sizabwino kubzala, zinagwera pansi - zonse komanso zapamwamba. Zimatsukidwa ndi mchere ndikuzikonzanso.
Mbewu zopatsa mphamvu, mbewu zapamwamba komanso mbewu zapamwamba zimasankhidwa, zosayenera kubzala zimakanidwa
- Chizindikiro. Mbeu zimasungidwa mu njira ya manganese ya 1-2% (1-2 g pa 100 ml ya madzi) kwa mphindi 20, kenako ndikutsukidwa bwino m'madzi ndikuwuma.
Pothira matendawa, nyemba za nyemba zimayikidwa mu njira ya manganese kwa mphindi 20
- Kuuluka. Kuti nyemba zimaphuke mwachangu, zimanyowa kwa maola 12-15 (koma osatinso, apo ayi mbewuyo imasanduka yowawasa) posungunuka kapena madzi amvula. Kuti tichite izi, nsalu yonyowa imayikidwa mu chidebe chokhala ndi pansi lalikulu, nyemba zimayikidwa ndipo imakutidwa ndi gauze wokutidwa m'magawo angapo. Amaonetsetsa kuti njere zimakhalabe chonyowa ndipo nthawi yomweyo palibe kusayenda kwamadzi.
Kuti tichotsere kumera, nyemba zimanyowa m'madzi okhala ndi gawo lalikulu, pogwiritsa ntchito nsalu yonyowa
- Kusamalira. Zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kumadera komwe kumakhala chiwopsezo cha kuchepa kwa kutentha mutathira mbande m'nthaka. Nyemba zozikika zimasungidwa mufiriji kwa maola 5-6 pa kutentha kwa + 4 ° C.
Madeti ndi malamulo obzala nyemba pa mbande
Mbande zimamera mkati mwa milungu itatu kapena inayi. Kuchulukitsidwa kwake nthawi yotseguka kumadalira nyengo nyengo yomwe ikukula. Chapakati pake, mbande zimabzalidwa pa kama m'masiku 10 apitawa, choncho nyemba zimafesedwa mumipeto kumapeto kwa Epulo kapena koyambirira kwa Meyi.
Asanafesere, dothi limasungunuka pang'ono. Mbewuzo zimakulitsidwa ndi masentimita 3-4. Ngati pali kukaikira pakumera, mutha kubzala mbewu ziwiri, kenako ndikusankha chomera champhamvu kwa iwo. Koma, monga lamulo, nyemba zimamera bwino.
Zomwe zili ndi mbewu zobzalidwa zimakutidwa ndi filimu ndikusungidwa pa + 23 ° C mpaka kumera. Ndikofunika kupewa kupangika kwa kutumphuka kwa dothi, chifukwa kumateteza kumera. Mphukira za tender zimatha kuthyoka, kudutsa kutumphuka. Nthawi zambiri patatha masiku 4-5 mphukira zimawonekera.
Asanatuluke mbande, muli ndi mbande zokutidwa ndi filimu
Kusamalira Mbewu
Mbewuzo zikaphukira, kutentha kwa +16 ° C kumasungidwa nthawi yonseyi ya kulima. Sayenera kuloledwa kuchepetsa kutentha, popeza mbande zitha kusiya kukula kapena kufa.
Nyemba zimafunidwa mopepuka, kotero mbande zimafunikira kupereka malo dzuwa. Mbande pang'ono madzi ndi kusamalira dothi lotayirira. Pakadutsa masiku 5-7 kuti mbande izika mbewu pamalo osatha, mbewuzo zimazimitsidwa panja. Mbande zakonzeka kubzala m'nthaka masamba atatu kapena anayi owona atawonekera.
Masamba enieni 3-4 akaonekera pa mbande, amakhala okonzeka kubzala poyera
Thirani mbande panja
Mukakonza dothi mutakumba kwambiri, feteleza wachilengedwe ndi michere umamuikiramo (kutengera 1 mita2):
- humus kapena kompositi - 2-3 kg;
- phulusa la nkhuni - 1 galasi;
- superphosphate - supuni 1;
- nitrophoska - 1 supuni.
Atatha kuphatikiza, amasakanikirana ndi dothi mwakuya (10-12 cm) kukumba.
Zomera zimathiridwa madzi ambiri tsiku lobzala. Pangani zomasulira munthaka molingana ndi makapuwo komanso limbikirani. Mbewuzo zimachotsedwa mosamala makapu apulasitiki, kuyesera kuti zisawononge dothi lapansi, ndikuyika dzenje 1-2 masentimita akuzama kuposa mbewu zomwe zakulira mu thankiyo. Makapu amtundu wa peat kapena pepala amatsitsidwa ndikuzunguliridwa ndi mbande. Finyani dothi kuti pasakhale ma voids, madzi ndi mulch. Ngati chiwopsezo chichepetsera kutentha, mbewuzo zimatetezedwa ndi chophimba usiku.
Kwa mitundu yokwera, mathandizi amaikidwa asanabzalidwe. Mutha kubzala mbewu pafupi ndi nyumba zikuluzikulu zomwe zili patsamba lino.
Vidiyo: Kufesa Mbewu za Nyemba mu Sawdust
Kubzala nyemba panthaka
Nyemba zofuna kutentha kukula kumachitika pakupanga kutentha kwa 20-25°C. Mphukira zimatha kufa kale kutentha kwa -1 ° C.
Kubzala masiku
M'madera akumwera, nyemba zimafesedwa pamalo opera kumapeto kwa Epulo. M'malo am'mbuyomu - pambuyo pa Meyi 20, ndi zigawo zakumpoto akuyembekezera kuti chisanu chamadzulo chitha, monga lamulo, izi zimachitika kumayambiriro kwa Juni. Nthawi zambiri, nthawi yofesa nyemba ndi nkhaka imakhala yomweyo. Ngati, komabe, pali chiopsezo chotsika pansi pa zero, mphukira usiku zimakutidwa ndi filimu.
Nyemba zobzala
Kumalo nyemba kumayatsidwa bwino komanso kutetezedwa ndi mphepo yozizira. Wofunika kwambiri ku nyemba ndi nthaka yachonde yopanga mawonekedwe. Pa dothi lolemera, makamaka ngati pansi pamtunda pali nyemba zambiri, nyemba sizimera. Pamadothi ozizira okhala ndi nthaka yayitali yamadzi, nyemba zimalimidwa m'mizere yayitali.
Nyemba zizikhala ndi dzuwa ndikutenthetsedwa bwino.
Feteleza za organic zimagwiritsidwa ntchito bwino mukamakulitsa nyemba zapaulendo. Ngati dothi lidakonzedwa bwino ndi michere, ndikokwanira kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza wa phosphate ndi potashi zokha. Kuchokera feteleza wa nayitrogeni, unyinji wobiriwira umakula kwambiri kuti uwononge mbewu, chifukwa chake sawonjezeredwa.
Pamadothi osauka pakugwa amapanga 1 mita2:
- feteleza wachilengedwe (humus kapena kompositi) - 4-5 kg;
- superphosphate - 30 g;
- feteleza wa potashi - 20-25 g (kapena 0,5 l wa phulusa la nkhuni).
Nyemba sizingalekerere kuchuluka kwa nthaka m'nthaka; nthaka yokhala ndi ndale kapena pang'ono acidic (pH 6-7) ndiyabwino. Ngati acidity ndi yapamwamba kuposa yokhazikika, kuchepera ndikofunikira.
Kumera nyemba za nyemba kumayamba pamene dothi layamba kutentha kutentha mpaka 10-12 ° C pakuya kwa 10 cm.
Kukonzekeretsa mbewu yofesa
Mbewu zisanabzalidwe panthaka amazisamalira chimodzimodzi monga kufesa mbeu: yoyesedwa, yokhala ndi zotetezedwa ndikuti inyowe. Nyemba zochitira pofuna kupewa nyemba zowonongeka ndi ma nodule musanabzalire zimalimbikitsidwa kuti zitsitsidwe kwa mphindi zingapo pokonza njira yotsatira:
- madzi - 1 l;
- boric acid 0,2 g;
- ammonium molybdenum acid - 0.5-1 g.
Asanadzale nthangala panthaka, momwemonso mankhwala awo omwe amafesa mbewu asanabadwe amachitidwa monga chodzala nyemba: kufatsa, kupha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, kuwuluka
Mawonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe obzala ma curly ndi nyemba za chitsamba
Mukabzala nyemba zonyamula, zimathandizira nthawi yomweyo kuti mbewuzo zitheke. Nyumba zazikulu pamalopo, monga mpanda, khoma la nyumba kapena khola, gazebo, ndi zina zambiri zingakhale thandizo.
Ngati mukufuna kudzala bedi lina, perekani zida zapadera. Chifukwa cha izi, zogwirizira ziwiri ndi kutalika kwa 1.5-2 m zimayikidwa m'mbali mwa mabedi ndipo waya kapena twine amakokedwa pakati pawo. Nyemba zibzalidwe mbali iliyonse ya trellis. Ma forles a nyemba zopindika amalembedwa masentimita osachepera 50, mzere mbewu zobzalidwa pamtunda wa 20-25 cm.
Kuti mukulitse nyemba zopotana, ikani trellis munthawi yamathandizo, pakati pomwe waya kapena twine amatambasulidwa
Nyemba zopotera zimathanso kukhala ndi chisa. Ndi ntchito yobzala iyi, mtengo amaikapo mtengo, womwe nyemba zimagwira mosavuta, ndipo mbewu zisanu zimabzalidwa mozungulira.
Mukamangirira zingwe pamwamba pa mtengo woyendetsedwa ndikuyikonza pansi mozungulira, mphukira ya nyemba imasilira chithunzicho ndipo mumapeza khola lomwe ana angasewere. Mtundu wachiwiri wa nyumbayi ndi kuthandizira mawonekedwe a piramidi opangidwa ndi ndodo zolumikizidwa pansi pafupi ndi bwalo ndikuzungulira ndi waya kuchokera kumtunda.
Ndikotheka kupanga zothandizira nyemba zooneka ngati piramidi momwe zimakhalira nyumba
Nyemba za Bush zimabzalidwa patali 15 cm masentimita ndi mzere masentimita 40. Ndikotheka kuyika zotsalazo kapena kubzala mbewu mu cheke, koma mulimonsemo sizoyenera kubzala mizere yopitilira anayi pabedi limodzi. Nyemba za Shrub ndizothandiza kukula chifukwa sizifunikira thandizo.
Kanema: momwe mungakhazikitsire thandizo la piramidi ya nyemba zopindika
Malamulo akumalo
Asanabzala, mabedi amalembedwa kutengera mtundu wa nyemba. Nyemba zokhotakhota zimafunikira malo ochulukirapo kuposa chitsamba. Nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi zokolola zambiri.
Pa dothi louma, kuya kwa kufesa ndi 4-5 masentimita, pamadothi opepuka - sentimita yakuya. Mabedi omwe ali ndi njere zobzalidwa amafunika kuthiririra, dothi liyenera kumapangidwa ndi kumbuyo kwa lingwe ndi kupendekera pang'ono ndi humus kapena dothi louma.
Kuwombera kumawonekera pambuyo pa masiku 5-7. Amakhala usiku kuti aziteteza ku nyengo yozizira. Nthanga zokhwima zimadulidwa kuti zimakhazikika.
Kanema: Kubzala nyemba panthaka
Njira zobzala nyemba
Mukabzala nyemba, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito njira ziwiri: wamba komanso tepi. Onsewa ali ponseponse ndipo amagwiritsidwa ntchito bwino ndi alimi.
Kubzala wamba
Imawonedwa ngati njira yosavuta kwambiri komanso yofikira kwambiri yodzala nyemba, momwe mbewu zimapangidwira mzere umodzi (mzere) pamtunda wawung'ono kuchokera pa mzake wokhala ndi ma kanjira osiyanasiyana. Kwa nyemba, mzere umodzi umakhala 50 cm ndipo mzerewo ndi 25 cm. Ndi kufesa wamba, dera lalikulu laandalama limapezeka kuposa njira yamatepi. Komabe, kubzala kachulukidwe kumachepa, motero njira iyi ndiyenera kugwiritsa ntchito pakakhala malo okwanira mabedi.
Ndi njira wamba yofesa mbewu yobzalidwa patali pang'ono mzere ndi kusiya ma kanjira ambiri
Njira yamapa
Ndi tepi (mizere yambiri) yobzala, mizere iwiri kapena itatu (mizere) imadza ndikupanga riboni. Mwa kuchuluka kwa mizere mu tepi, mbewu zimatchedwa ziwiri kapena zitatu-mzere. Mtunda pakati pa mbewu mumizere umakhala wofanana ndi kufesa wamba, ndipo mzere kutalikirana pakati pa nthiti umakulitsidwa mpaka 60-70 cm. Mtunda pakati pa mizere mu riboni ndi 25 cm. Kubzala matepi kumakupatsani mwayi wachuma chambiri komanso michere, komanso kuthana ndi namsongole.
Ndi njira ya tepi, mizere iwiri kapena itatu imabwera limodzi ndikupanga zikwatu, pakati pomwe mizere yotalikirana imadindidwa
Zambiri zodzala nyemba mung nyemba
Chikhalidwe cha nyemba za phala (mung) chimachokera ku India ndipo chafalikira m'malo ozizira. Ali ndi nyemba zazitali zomwe zimakomoka ngati nyemba zomwe zimakoma pang'ono. Popeza mung nyemba ndi chomera chakumwera, chimafunika kutentha kwa mpweya kosachepera 30-35 ° C nyengo yonseyo. Mitundu yomwe ilipo yozizira imakhalanso nyengo yozizira, koma zokolola pamenepa zimachepa.
Mash nyemba ndi chomera chakumwera, kuti chitukuko chathunthu chimafuna kutentha kwa 30-30 ° C
Malowa amasankhidwa ndi dzuwa, lotenthedwapo, ngati nyemba wamba. Dothi liyenera kukhala lopepuka kwambiri, lotayirira, lamphamvu- komanso lamadzi-likhala losavomerezeka. Kuyambira nthawi yophukira, kukonzekera kumatengera kugawa phulusa lamatabwa pamalowo ndikothirira. Mu nthawi ya masika, nthawi yomweyo asanafese, nthaka imakumbidwa ndipo amakololedwa mosamala.
Njira yabwino ikakhala kulima nthaka pogwiritsa ntchito thirakitara kumbuyo kwake, komwe kumapangitsa kuti ikhale yotakasuka, ngati fluff.
Bzalani mung nyemba muyenera nthaka, yotenthetsedwa mpaka 15 ° C. Kutalikirana kwa mizere kungakhale kuchokera pa masentimita 45 mpaka 70, mtunda pakati pa mbewu mzere ndi cm 20 mpaka 40. Tikuyenera kudziwa kuti mung nyemba ndi chomera chomera, mitundu yake yayitali imafunikira garter.
Mbewu zimayandikira kuya kwa masentimita 3-4.Mash imakhala yofiyira panthaka ndi chinyezi cha mpweya, makamaka pakamera mbeu. Chifukwa chake, mbewuzo zimathiriridwa mokwanira ndikusunga nthaka yonyowa, koma osasunthika madzi. Mbewu zimamera pang'onopang'ono, mbande zimatuluka m'masiku 10-12.
Nyemba zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi mbewu zina mutabzyala
Pali mbewu zambiri zomwe mungabzalire nyemba pafupi. Ndizosangalatsa ndi ma radish, chimanga, udzu winawake, nkhaka, mbatata, tomato, beets, sipinachi ndi mitundu yonse ya kabichi. Poyandikana ndi miyambo iyi, kukondoweza kumadziwika. Komanso kuyanjana kwabwino kumawonedwa ndi kaloti, radishi, nkhaka, dzungu, letesi ndi sitiroberi.
Nyemba zimagwirizana bwino ndi zikhalidwe zambiri
Zambiri zochepa mbewu, kuyandikira kwake kwa nyemba sikwabwino. Sitikulimbikitsidwa kubzala nyemba pafupi ndi anyezi, adyo, fennel ndi nandolo.
Kenako mutha kubzala nyemba
Kutsatira malamulo oyendetsera mbewu ndikofunikira pakukula kwa mbewu iliyonse, kuphatikizapo nyemba. Ndikulimbikitsidwa kuti mubzale pambuyo pa nkhaka, phwetekere, mbatata, kabichi, kaloti, sitiroberi, beets, radara, chimanga, tsabola wowawa ndi wokoma.
Omwe anali oyambitsidwa motere pachikhalidwe ichi amatha kutchedwa ochepera. Adzakhala nandolo, nyemba, mphodza, soya, mtedza. Komanso ndizosatheka kulima nyemba mobwerezabwereza m'malo amodzi kwa zaka 3-4.
Njira yodzala nyemba ndi yosavuta, ndizomveka komanso yopezeka ngakhale kwa wokonza dimba wa novice. Ndipo odziwa zambiri kuposa zina mukudziwa kuti ndikofunikira kuti muzilingalira zonse momwe mungakhalirere mbewu - iyi ndiye njira yofunika kwambiri kuti mbewu zikule bwino. Sikovuta kukwaniritsa zofunikira, ndipo nyemba zimakondweretsa diso ndi tchuthi chokongoletsera ndikuthokoza ndi kukolola kwabwino.
