Ngati nyumba yanyengo yachilimwe kapena chiwembu chaumwini chapezeka m'dera lomwe lili lovuta, ndiye kuti ndi makonzedwe ake ndikofunikira kuthana ndi vuto lolimbitsa malo otsetsereka komanso otsetsereka. Pogwiritsa ntchito kusunga makhoma pang'onopang'ono, simungangochotsa vutoli, komanso kukongoletsa gawo la malowo ndi chinthu china chomanga ndi kukonza. Zingwe zopangira simenti, miyala yachilengedwe, mitengo, njerwa ndi miyala ya gabion amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zida zoyenera kukhazikitsa makhoma osunga. Zomangira zowumba nthawi zina zimayikidwa pamasamba osalala kwambiri kuti ziwonjezere kupendekera pamapangidwe amalo. Mabedi odabwitsa amakongoletsa nthaka yachonde, yomwe imawoneka yosazolowereka komanso yokongola pamalo okwezeka. Mutha kupititsa patsogolo ntchito zakukweza m'munda pobzala mitundu yosankhidwa yazomera. Kuphatikiza pa kubzala maluwa, makoma othandizira amatha kukhala maziko ophatikizira zinthu zina zokongoletsera, zomwe zimawonjezera magwiridwe antchito awo.
Kanemayo akuwonetsa momwe mungapangire kusunga makhoma osunga tsamba lanu ndi manja anu, pogwiritsa ntchito njerwa kapena konkire za izi.
Njira za kuyala miyala
Pali njira zingapo zosakira miyala. Komabe, mulimonsemo, mzere woyamba umayikidwa mu zimbudzi zomwe zimakonzedwa pansi kwambiri. Miyala yamiyambo yotsatirayi imayikidwa mu dongosolo loyang'anira, potero amapereka chithandizo chodalirika cha mfundo ziwiri iliyonse. Kupereka mphamvu yapadera, makoma osungidwa opangidwa ndi miyala amamangidwa ndi matope simenti. Makoma, omwe amasewera kwambiri pokongoletsa, amaikidwa "m'njira youma":
- Amaika miyala ndi kutalika komweko m'mizere yopingasa imagwiritsidwa ntchito m'minda yamitundu yonse. Monga momwe zinthu zimagwirira ntchito sandstone kapena gneiss. Miyala iyi samayambitsa mavuto pakakonzedwe, amakulolani kuti mupeze chiwerengero chomwe mukufuna kuti mulimidwe.
- Kuyika miyala yamagawo amakono osiyanasiyana m'mizere yopingasa. Khoma losasungika loterolo limawoneka lonyanyira. Imadziwika kuti ndiyonse, ndipo ndiyoyenera kapangidwe kamunda uliwonse, mosasamala mawonekedwe omwe adasankhidwa mawonekedwe. Mukasankha zakuthupi, yang'anani mthunzi wa mwala.
- M'makhalidwe akudziko, makoma osungirako amapangidwa ndi miyala. Monga lamulo, miyala iyi imakhala ndi masikono osiyanasiyana, omwe amaphatikizira njira yoyika. Koma wopanga amakhala ndi gawo laling'ono lakuyerekeza akagwira ntchito ndi zinthu zotere.
- Kuphatikiza kwamiyala yamiyala yachilengedwe yokhala ndi mawonekedwe ozunguliridwa kumakondanso ndi akatswiri. Zothandiza pamenepa, miyala yam'nyanja ndi mitsinje yonse. Nthaka imathiridwa m'malo omwe amapangika pakati pa miyala yoyandikana, ndipo mitundu yosiyanasiyana yamaluwa yobzala imabzalidwa.
Mawonekedwe ndi kukula kwa miyalayo kumathandizanso mtundu wa khoma lomwe likhalebe mtsogolo.
Khoma lomwe limasungidwa, lomwe limayikidwa pouma kuchokera ku miyala yachilengedwe yosankhidwa mu kukula ndi utoto, ndiye chokongoletsa malowa
Chithunzi cha khoma lamiyala:
Gawo laling'ono la khoma losungapo mwala, momwe zinthu zazikuluzomwe zimapangidwira zimawonekera bwino. Kupatuka kwa khoma kuchokera pamzera ndi madigiri 15
Nthano ya chiwembu:
- Ngalande yomwe maziko amayikika, yomwe imakhala maziko olimba khoma lochirikiza. M'lifupi mwa ngalawo ndi 40 cm ngati kutalika kwa khoma kumangidwa kuli ofanana mita imodzi.
- Mpope wamadzi womwe umalola madzi kukhetsa. Ngati sipangapezeke madzi oyambira pansi pa khomalo, ndiye kuti madzi omwe akunjenjemera kumbuyo kwake amasambitsa dothi ndikuwononga kapangidwe kake.
- Mwala womangira, womwe umayalidwa kwambiri mkati mwake, umapereka chikhazikitso chowonjezereka. Pazifukwa zomwezo, akaika miyala, amapereka mwapang'onopang'ono khomalo mosadutsa osaposa 10-15 madigiri.
- Wosanjikiza mwala ndi zinyalala, zomwe zimadzaza ngalande. Pakubwezeretsani, osakaniza miyala-yamiyala amakongoletsedwa mosamala. Chifukwa cha izi, khomalo limakhala lalikulu komanso lokhazikika.
- Mankhwala opangidwa pakati pa miyala payokha amadzaza dziko lapansi. Nthawi zina "zisa" zimasiyidwa mwapadera pakati pa miyala kuti mubzale mbewu zokulira (zopindika) mwa iyo. Pambuyo pa kukula kwawo, khomalo limasandulika kukhala chinthu chokongoletsera chabwino pakupanga mawonekedwe.
Tcherani khutu! Pakuthandizira makoma omangidwa pamalo otseguka dzuwa, belu, mkono, nyemba, sopo mbale ndizoyenera. Stonecrop, kumeta, saxifrage, wort wa St. John, ndi phlox zimakulanso bwino kwambiri mikhalidwe yotere. Ndikotheka kubzala lumbago, kukula kwa achinyamata, freckle, Veronica, gypsophila, clove-udzu. Pakusunga makoma mumthunzi, muyenera kusankha Corydalis, saxifrage, cymballaria, lobularia, valsteinia, ferns.
Kodi mungalimbikitse bwanji mtengowo ndi mitengo?
M'madera ena, ndizosavuta komanso zotsika mtengo kugwiritsa ntchito mitengo yomwe ili ndi mulifupi womwewo pomanga makoma othandizira. Khoma losunga matabwa mumapangidwe ake samawoneka ngatiwokongola monga mawonekedwe a mwala.
Chimodzi mwazotheka pakupanga khoma losunga mizere yozungulira yopingasa, molimba mtima potsetsereka kuti isawonongeke
Mitengoyo imayikidwa ndi njira zapadera zomwe zimalepheretsa kuwola, ndipo zimayikidwa modzitchinjiriza. Kuti khomalo lisasunthike, limayikidwa ndi theka la mita. Zipika zoyandikana zimayikidwa molimba wina ndi mnzake. Nyumbayo izikhala yosalala kwa nthawi yayitali, ngati zosungunulira zimatsanulidwa pansi pa ngalande ndikukupangika mosamala. Malo aulere mumsewu wozungulira mitengo yozungulira ndi yokutidwa ndi miyala, kenako ndikudzazidwa ndi matope a simenti.
Nayi chitsanzo china cha makonzedwe:
Konkriti yosungirako khoma
Kudzaza konkire yosunga konkriti, mumakumbamo ngalawo yopanda malo, momwe amaikamo kakhazikidwe kamtundu wofunikira. Kuti mukhale ndi konkriti yambiri, mawonekedwe ake amalimbikitsidwa ndimathandizo kuchokera kunja. Musanatsanize yankho, pokhazikitsa chimathandiziro chimayikidwa, chopangidwa ndi ndodo zachitsulo ndi mawaya. Komanso, mapaipi amayikidwa pansi pa khoma pomwe madzi amadzunjikana kumbuyo kwa khoma losunga.
Chinsinsi chaching'ono - kuonetsetsa kuti kusanja ndi kukhazikika kwa kutsogolo kwa khoma lomwe likutsalira ndikofunikira, ndikofunika kuphatikiza ndi ruberoid kukhoma lamkati la kapangidwe kake
Mothandizidwa ndi konkriti, mutha kupanga zochititsa chidwi:
Kugwiritsa ntchito mabatire ndi njerwa
Makoma osunga ma gabions - mabatani amawu odzazidwa ndi mwala wachilengedwe amapangidwa mosavuta ndi manja awo. Gilion amatchedwa zida za ma volumetric mesh zopangidwa mu fakitaleyi kuchokera pa waya wachitsulo ndi zokutira zama anti-kutu.
Zipangizo za Gabion zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mosamala pakusunga khoma mukamawopseza tsamba. Zosungirako za Mesh zodzazidwa ndi miyala ikuluikulu zitha kuyima kwa zaka makumi ambiri
Zopangira Mesh zimasiyana kukula ndi mawonekedwe, zomwe zingakhale:
- chojambula-nkhonya;
- cylindrical;
- matiresi ndi matiresi.
Pakusunga makoma, ma bokosi mabokosi ndi oyenera kwambiri. Maukondewo amabweretsedwa pamalowo pomwe apindidwa. Kenako amawongoka ndipo pamanja amadzazidwa ndi miyala. Poterepa, miyala ikuluikulu yomwe imapitilira kukula kwa ma mesh imamangidwa m'mphepete mwa chidebe. Pakatikati podzazidwa ndimiyala yaying'ono.
Pakati pawo, mabokosi amawu amaikidwa mwachindunji pamalo osungiramo khoma losungirako ndi waya wolumidwa. Mothandizidwa ndi zikhomo zakuthwa zomwe zimamatirira mosavuta pansi, mabokosi amisili amakhala okhazikika pamalo achitetezo. Kuti makhoma a ma tchire asakhomeke pakuyika filimuyo, amawotchera mkanda. Chidebe chomwe chimadzaza miyala ndi zinyalala chimakutidwa ndi chivindikiro chomwe chimakopeka ndi chipangizo chopangidwira cholinga ichi. Maofesi aku Gabion amakhala ndi moyo wautali. Ponyamula, mawonekedwe a gabion ndi opunduka, koma osawonongeka.
Zofunika! Mukakhazikitsa khoma losungidwa pamakoma pamunda, simuyenera kuda nkhawa kuti mafunde atha kulowa, chifukwa madzi amadutsa pansi pa mwala wosasinthika.
Poyamba, makoma osunga adamangidwa m'mapiri kuti amalimbikitse malo owopsa, komanso kusunga nthaka m'minda yamphesa. Pang'onopang'ono, mawonekedwe amtunduwu adayamba kugwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mawonekedwe. M'minda yomwe muli mundawo mutha kuwona zotsalira za njerwa. Zinthu zomangira zotsika mtengozi ndizosavuta kuyika panjira yokhala ndi mabatani m'makhoma.
Khoma lomwe limasungidwa, lomwe limayalidwa bwino ndi njerwa pogwiritsa ntchito njira zingapo kuziika, limapangira bwino malo okwezeka pamalowo
Njira zilizonse zomwe zingaganizidwe pakusunga zida za khoma zimatha kuyesedwa ndi aliyense patsamba lawo. Chovuta cha ntchitoyi chimangokhala ponyamula zolemera, chifukwa miyala imalemera kwambiri.
Chifukwa chake, ndibwino kuchita izi pogwiritsa ntchito othandizira angapo. Zachidziwikire, kukopa akatswiri pantchito yomanga khoma lomwe limasunga kumapulumutsa munthu kuti asafufuze ndi kutumiza zinthu zofunika, komanso kuchokera kuntchito zolimbitsa thupi, zomwe sizitengera nthawi komanso mphamvu.
