Mitengo ndi zitsamba zimatha kuyeretsa mpweya osati kungoipitsa. Zina mwa izo zimakhala ndi mafuta osasunthika komanso ofunikira omwe amalepheretsa kukula ndikuwonongeka kwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, mabakiteriya ndi ma virus m'dera loyandikana nalo. Zomera zotere zimaphatikizapo conifers.
Fir
Imasiyanitsidwa ndi ma cone akuluakulu omwe amakula molunjika, ndikufanana ndi makandulo pamtengo wa Chaka Chatsopano. Kutalika kwa firayo kumatha kufika 40 metres. Thunthu la coniferous limakhala ndi thunthu lamtengo wozungulira komanso wachikasu, pafupifupi mitengo yoyera.
Makungwa a Fir ndi osalala, opaka utoto. Pamtunda pake pamakhala mitundu ingapo yosiyanasiyana, yomwe imakhala yotsalira. Muli utoto, womwe nthawi zambiri umatchedwa "mafuta a basamu."
Nthambi zowonda ndi zopyapyala, zopimbidwa ndi singano. M'munsi mwake amatha kutalika kwa mamita 10. Pakusokoneza, iwo amakula mosiyanasiyana ndikugwa pansi. Nthawi zambiri mizu ndi kupanga fir pang'ono.
M'malekezero a nthambi, masamba ozungulira kapena owongoka amapangidwa. Amakutidwa ndi mamba komanso dambo lakuda. Nthawi yolima maluwa imayamba chakumapeto. Mitambo imadzuka chilimwe chonse, ndikugwa ikagwa.
Fir singano ndi khungwa zimakhala ndi mafuta ambiri ofunikira, omwe ali olemera mumisasa, ma organic acid, bisabolene ndi camphorene. Chiwerengero chachikulu kwambiri chophatikiza chopindulitsa chimamasulidwa mu Meyi ndi Seputembara.
Thuja
Thuja ndiye chomera chotchuka kwambiri cha coniferous, chomwe chimadziwika ndi zokongoletsera komanso mankhwala. Nthawi zambiri amatchedwa "mtengo wofunikira."
Kwawo kwa thuja ndi North America. Mtengowo ndi wa anthu a zaka zana. Chiyembekezo chamoyo chitha kukhala zaka 200.
Ndi mtengo kapena shrub yokhala ndi korona yopingasa, yopindika, yolumikizana kapena yopanga mawonekedwe. Nthambi za Thuja zimaphimbidwa ndi singano zazing'ono, zofewa, zomwe pamapeto pake zimakhala ngati masikelo. Singano ndi zobiriwira zakuda. Ndi nyengo yachisanu ikayamba, mtundu wawo umasintha kukhala bulauni kapena bulauni. Mitambo imakhala ndi mawonekedwe ozungulira kapena mawonekedwe. Mkati mwake muli mbewu zosalala.
Singano za Thuja zimakhala ndi mafuta ambiri, ma tannins ndi ma resins.
Mtengo wa paini
Chomera chodziwika bwino kwambiri, chodziwika ndi kukula msanga. Mtengowu umakhala ndi moyo zaka 600.
Pine imakhala ndi thunthu lamtengo, wokutidwa ndi makungwa okhala ndi ming'alu yakuya. Nthambi zake ndi zokumbika, zopindika mozungulira ndipo zimapangira korona wakuda wokhala ndi nsonga zingapo. Ma singano a paini ndi aatali, ofewa, osalongosoka, opaka utoto wobiriwira. Ma singano amapangika pawiri ndipo amatalika masentimita 7. Mtengwo ukafika zaka 60, imayamba maluwa.
Pine singano ndi makungwa okhala ndi mafuta ofunikira, carotene, mavitamini, ndi ma organic acid. Resin ndi phytoncides amasintha ndikuyeretsa mpweya. Sikuti mwangozi kuti ma sanatoriums ndi ma dispensaries amayikidwa m'malo omwe chomera chimamera.
Juniper
Ichi ndi banja lobiriwira la kuCypress ku North Africa. Itha kutenga mtundu wa mtengo kapena shrub mpaka atatu kutalika. M'mapulogalamu apakhomo, mlombwa umamera ngati chomera chokongoletsera komanso mankhwala.
Ng'ombeyo imakhala ndi mphukira zazitali, zokhala ndi nthambi zokhala ndi utoto wofiirira. Imakutidwa ndi singano yayitali mpaka masentimita ndi theka. Zitsamba zamaluwa zimayamba mu Meyi. Maluwa ndi ochepa komanso nondescript. M'malo mwawo, zipatso zamtundu wakuda zimapangidwa, zokutira kunja ndi zokutira za waxy.
Mitambo imakhala ndi shuga, zipatso, ma resins, ascorbic acid, mafuta ofunikira, osakhazikika, sera, ma tannins. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza matenda a kupuma komanso mtima, ndipo amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mankhwala ophera tizilombo komanso okodzetsa.
Spruce
Kutalika kwa mtengo wolumikizira kumeneku kumatha kufika mamita 30. Chomera chake chimakhala ndi mtengo wowongoka, wowoneka bwino wokutidwa ndi makungwa amiyala yoyera. M'malo ena, imakhala ikusweka, pomwe ma smisges a resin amawonekera bwino. Thunthu lake limavuta kusiyanitsa, chifukwa limakutidwa ndi nthambi mpaka pansi.
Singano amapaka utoto wobiriwira wakuda, wamfupi, mpaka 2 cm, ali ndi mbali zinayi. Chimakhala pachomera kwa zaka 10. Zochitika zachilengedwe zovuta zitha kufupikitsa moyo wa singano mpaka zaka 5.
Zonunkhira zamkati zimacha kumapeto kwa yophukira. Ali ndi mawonekedwe a cylindrical ndipo amafikira kutalika kwa 15 cm.
Mtengowu umatulutsa tinthu tambiri tambiri, tomwe timatha kuwononga tizilombo tosavomerezeka mkati mwa ma kilomita angapo.
Cypress
Chomera chimadzala osati mu ziwembu zokha, komanso kunyumba. Mwachilengedwe, imamera m'madera otentha komanso kotentha.
Cypress ndi mtengo wokhala ndi thunthu lolunjika ndi korona wa piramidi kapena chitsamba chosachepera. Nthambi za cypress ndi zofewa komanso zopyapyala, zimakula molunjika kumtunda, ndikukakamizidwa mwamphamvu motsutsana ndi thunthu. Amakutidwa ndi masamba ang'onoang'ono obiriwira omwe amawoneka ngati masamba a fern.
Zomera zazing'ono zimakhala ndi masamba owoneka ngati singano, monga ma conifers ambiri. Ndi ukalamba, amakhala ngati mamba. Cypress chimabala zipatso zazing'ono zozungulira zopendekeka zofiirira.
Makungwa ndi zipatso za mmera zimakhala ndi zakudya zonunkhira bwino, ma alcohols, mafuta ofunikira ndi ma resini. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati antiseptic komanso opha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda pakuwonongeka kwa microflora ya pathogenic, komanso zochizira matenda amkhungu ndi matenda oyamba ndi ma virus.
