Oregano ndi chomera chamuyaya kuchokera ku banja la Iasnatkovye. Ndiwotchuka chifukwa cha maluwa ake ambiri komanso fungo lokoma. Kwenikweni, dzina lachi Russia likuwonetsa izi. Dzinalo lovomerezeka la oregano ndi chiyambi. Mawuwa amachokera ku "ulemu" wakale wachi Greek, "phiri". Zomwe zimatha kutanthauziridwa ngati kukongoletsa kwamapiri. Malo omwe mbewuyo imabadwira ndi Mediterranean ndi Central Asia. Mitundu ina imapezeka ku Caucasus, Taiwan ndi Siberia wakummwera. Oregano amatha kukhala wokongoletsa m'mundamo, kuphimba pansi ndi kapeti yolimba yofiirira. Amagwiritsidwanso ntchito ngati zokometsera za oregano, ndipo amagwiritsidwanso ntchito ngati mankhwala. Mutha kubzala tchire osati m'mundamo, komanso mumphika womwe uli pakhonde.
Makhalidwe a botanical
Oregano ndi chomera chokhala ndi udzu, nthambi zophukira zomwe nthawi zambiri zimakhala ngati masentimita 30-75 kutalika. Mizu yake ndi yopanda kanthu, yopingasa, chifukwa chomerayo imatha kuphukira ndi kutenga zigawo zatsopano. Pa tsinde lamiyala yoyang'ana pansi pamunsi pake pali mulu wosowa.
Zolemba zotsutsa za ovoid kapena zowonjezera zimakula pang'ono kutalika konse. Ali ndi mbali zolimba ndi malekezero osaloledwa. Malo obiriwira amdima akuda ndi amisempha. Mbali yakugundika imakhala yotuwa. Kutalika kwa pepala lamapulogalamu ndi masentimita 1-4 okha
Pamwambapo mphukira kuyambira Julayi mpaka Ogasiti imakongoletsedwa ndi dense inflorescence-panicle. Ili ndi maluwa ang'onoang'ono amtundu wa imvi-pinki kapena mtundu wa violet-pinki. Corolla iliyonse imazunguliridwa ndi khosi lofiirira-lofiirira. Duwa lili ndi milomo iwiri komanso milomo yotsika. Stamens amatuluka kuchokera pakati.
Pambuyo pakuvundukula, makapu ambewu za cylindrical okhwima okhala ndi korona ofiira pamwamba ndi mmbali. Mkati mwake muli njere zazing'ono zopangidwa ndi impso zokhala ndi khungu lakuda. Mu 1 g ya mbewu, pali mayunitsi pafupifupi 10,000.
Mitundu ndi mitundu
Ngakhale pali mitundu yoposa 50 mu genus oregano, mitundu yosiyanasiyana imagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri. Kupanga iwo, obereketsa amatsutsana ndi chilengedwe kapena kukoma kwina ndi zonunkhira.
Chiyambi wamba. Mtengo wa herbaceous osatha kumera 50-70 cm kutalika. Ili ndi mizu yophukira ndipo imayambira. Mphukira pansipa zimakhala zokutidwa ndi zofewa, ndipo pamwamba zimatulutsa mwamphamvu. Ma petioles otsutsana a oval kapena mawonekedwe a ovoid amakulira pa iwo. Kutalika kwa tsamba lobiriwira kwamtali ndi masentimita 1-4. Mu Juni-Julayi, masamba obiriwira a corymbose amatulutsa maluwa pamwamba ndi pamakona a masamba apamwamba. Maluwa okhala ndi kapu yofiirira yakuda ndi ma pinki opepuka amachokera kununkhira kosangalatsa. Zosiyanasiyana:
- oyera oregano - yokutidwa kwambiri ndi inflorescence yoyera yoyera;
- caramel - imakhala ndi kukoma kosangalatsa ndi fungo lamphamvu;
- gulu lonunkhira - chomera mpaka 30 cm chotalikirapo chimakhala ndi fungo lokhazikika ndipo limamasula ndi inflorescence yofiirira;
- utawaleza - shrub mpaka 60-70 masentimita kutalika kwake kumasiyanitsidwa ndi masamba owala ofiirira ndipo ali ndi anthocyanins ambiri othandiza;
- nsonga ya golide - tchire tating'ono (masentimita 10-15 kutalika) wokutidwa ndi masamba obiriwira ang'onoang'ono okhala ndi malangizo achikasu. Amachita maluwa ndi ma pinki inflorescence;
- Aureum - pachitsamba mpaka 25 masentimita, masamba agolide ndi maluwa achikasu.
Cretan oregano (dictamnus). Kutalika kwakukulu kwa izi kosatha ndi 20-30 cm, ngakhale nthawi zina kumakula mpaka mita 1. Mphukira zowonda zimakutidwa ndi chowulungika, pafupifupi masamba ozungulira ndi silvery pubescence. Masamba okhala ndi maluwa ofiira apinki amabisika pansi pazikuta zazikulupo. Amakula pang'onopang'ono ndipo amazikumbukira kwambiri. Madzi amtunduwu ali ndi zinthu zomwe zimagwira ntchito ndi antimicrobial. Kalelo m'masiku a Hippocrates, adatengedwa kupweteka m'mimba.
Kukula kwa oregano
Nthawi zambiri, oregano imamera kuchokera ku mbewu. Choyamba, mutha kumera mbande kapena kuwabzala panthaka. Njira yodzala imakulolani kuti muthe kutulutsa maluwa kuthengo lonse ndikututa. Kuti muchite izi, kale kumayambiriro kwa Marichi konzekerani makaseti kapena mabokosi odzaza ndi dothi lotayirira, lophatikiza michere ndi kuwonjezera kwa mchenga ndi peat. Mbewu zimagawidwa pamtunda momwe momwe mungathere ndikuphwanya pang'ono pansi. Kenako zotengera zimakhala zokutira ndi filimu yotsatsira wowonjezera kutentha ndikuyika malo owala ndi kutentha kwa + 18 ... + 20 ° C.
Condensate iyenera kuchotsedwa tsiku ndi tsiku ndipo nthaka yothira mu botolo lothira. Malowedwe adzawoneka mkati mwa sabata 1-1.5. Amathandizirana pafupipafupi, koma sathamangira kuchotsera malo okhala. Pazaka 1 zakubadwa, filimuyi imachotsedwa ndikutsamira mbande mumiphika yosiyana ya peat. Chapakati pa Meyi, nyengo yofunda, mbande zimasunthira dothi. Malo osankhidwa ndi otentha paphiri amasankhidwa kuti akhale. Maenje akuluakulu ataliatali 15 cm masentimita kuchokera kwina amapanga osaya. Maluwa amayembekezeka mchaka choyamba cha moyo.
Pomwepo panthaka, mbewu zimapangidwa mkati mwa Epulo. Limbani tsambalo ndikugumula malo ambiri. Popeza njere ndizochepa kwambiri, zifunika pang'ono. Pamaso, kubzala zinthu zimasakanizidwa ndi mchenga kapena utuchi. Mbewu zimachitika m'maenje 1-1.5 masentimita. Kuchokera pamwambapa, zimangowaza pang'ono ndi peat. Kutengera nyengo nyengo, kumera kumatenga pafupifupi milungu iwiri. Zomera zimakula bwino. Ndikokwanira nthawi ndi nthawi kumasula nthaka ndikuchotsa namsongole. Maluwa ndi njira iyi yobzala imayamba mchaka chachiwiri.
Kuphatikiza pa njere ya mbewu, oregano imafalitsidwa ndi njira zamasamba. Ndikwabwino kuchita izi mchaka, kuti mbewu zazing'ono zimakhala ndi nthawi yosinthira ndikukonzekera nyengo yachisanu. Mitundu ya kuswana:
- Gawani chitsamba. Zomera zazikulu zimakumbidwa, kumasulidwa ku nthaka ndikugawidwa m'magawo awiri a 2-3. Samalani kuti musawononge mizu ndi mphukira. Kubzala kumachitika nthawi yomweyo, kuti musamadye kwambiri.
- Magawo a mizu. Kumayambiriro kokukula, chitsamba chimakankhidwa pansi ndipo nthambi zaumwini zimakonkhedwa ndi dothi. Ndikofunikira kuthilira madzi nthawi zonse m'manda. Adzazika mizu chaka chino, koma kulekanitsa ndi kupatsirana kumachitika mchaka chamawa.
Kusamalira Kunja
Ngakhale oregano samakonda kwambiri, mchaka choyamba chidzafunika chisamaliro chachikulu kuposa mtsogolo. Kubzala kumachitika m'malo otseguka komanso owiririka ndi dothi labwino. Kupezeka kwamadzi pang'onopang'ono sikovomerezeka.
Oregano amatha kudwala chilala, kotero kuthirira kumachitika nthawi zonse. Nthaka iyenera kuyimitsidwa m'magawo apamwamba okha. Ngati nyengo ili bwino kwambiri, ndiye kuti tchire limavutika ndi madzi. Popewa, m'nkhokwe mumakumba mabedi kuti akamwe madzi.
Kawiri kapena katatu pachaka, kuyambira kumayambiriro kwa masika, amadya. Ngati nthaka nthawi yobzala idakhala yachonde, umuna umayamba mchaka chachiwiri. Kuti muchite izi, saltpeter imakonkhedwa pafupi ndi mizu kapena mbewu zimathiriridwa ndi yankho la mullein. Kuvala kwapamwamba kwambiri kwa chilimwe kumachitika mukakolola. Mitundu yokongoletsera simakathira manyowa konse kapena imachita zochepa kwambiri, apo ayi mphukira zimakula kwambiri ndikulephera kukongola.
Tisaiwale za kuchotsa udzu ndi kumasula dothi. Zomera zazing'ono zimatchinga namsongole, ndipo kutumphuka pansi kumalepheretsa mpweya kufalikira. Kulowetsa dothi ndi udzu wopindika kumathandizira kuti muchepetse nthawi yotalikirapo.
M'chaka choyamba, mbewu nthawi zambiri zimapanga zobiriwira zambiri komanso sizimaphuka. Ngati inflorescence ipanga, ndikofunikira kuti muziidula. Kudulira tchire kumachitika mchaka, kuchotsa kukula kwakale pafupifupi kwathunthu. Izi zimalimbikitsa mapangidwe azitsamba zazing'ono. Oregano imatha kukula m'malo amodzi osaposa zaka 3, pambuyo pake ndikofunikira kupatsirana ndikugawa.
Mitundu yamakono ya oregano imalekerera nyengo yachisanu bwino panthaka. Ngakhale nyengo yotentha, mbewu zimasungidwa m'chipale chofewa komanso masamba obiriwira. Palibenso malo ena okhala. Ngati gawo la pansi limauma, kumayambiriro kwa kasupe mphukira zatsopano zimayambira muzu.
The zikuchokera, zogula zopangira
Udzu wa Oregano uli ndi:
- njira;
- mafuta ofunikira;
- ascorbic acid;
- flavonoids;
- phenic acid.
Kutolere kwa zopangira kumachitika kuyambira chaka chachiwiri cha moyo pachimake cha maluwa. Kuti muchite izi, kudula nsonga za mphukira kuchokera kutalika kwa 15-20 masentimita kuchokera pansi. Masamba ndi inflorescence ndizofunika kwambiri, koma sizoyambira. Choyamba, nthambi ndizolumikizidwa yaying'ono. Amayimitsidwa kapena kuyikidwa pansi pa denga ndikuwuma. Pambuyo pouma, masamba ndi maluwa amang'ambika, ndipo zimayambira zimawonongeka.
Pakututa mbewu, kudulira kwa chilimwe sikuchitika. Mu Seputembala, mabokosi adulidwa ndikuwuma. Kenako amadzazidwa kudzera mu suzu.
Zothandiza oregano
Kuchokera oregano, decoctions, madzi ndi mowa infusions amakonzedwa, komanso mafuta ofunikira amagwiritsidwa ntchito. Mankhwalawa ali ndi bactericidal, sedative, expectorant, diaphoretic, antispasmodic ndi analgesic.
Kukonzekera decoction a 250 g madzi otentha, gwiritsani ntchito 2 tbsp. zitsamba. Choyamba, zinthu zosaphikirazi zimasungidwa kwa mphindi 15 kusamba kwa madzi, kenako ndikumakanizanso mphindi 45. Msuzi wopsinjika umakhazikika pang'onopang'ono ndikupatsidwa gawo limodzi mwa magalasi atatu agalasi musanadye.
Kulandila kotereku kumakuthandizani kuti muthane ndi gastritis yokhala ndi m'mimba ochepa, njira zotupa m'matumbo am'mimba, cystitis, chifuwa, matenda opumira kwambiri, tonsillitis, periodontal matenda, kusowa tulo, chikanga.
Ndikofunika kukumbukira kuti kutenga oregano kumawonjezera mamvekedwe a minofu yosalala ya chiberekero ndikupangitsa kutulutsa kwake. Chifukwa chake, pakakhala pakati, kumwa mankhwalawo ndizoletsedwa. Komanso, chithandizo chimaperekedwa chifukwa cha anthu omwe ali ndi zilonda zam'mimbazi, matenda oopsa, magazi akulu amthupi osiyanasiyana. Popeza oregano imakhala ndi ma phytohormones achikazi, sizoyenera kupita nawo kwa amayi oyamwitsa ndi ana aang'ono.
Ma decoctions ndi ma infusions sagwiritsidwa ntchito pongopangira mankhwala, komanso ku cosmetology. Kwa tsitsi lopaka mafuta, oregano ndi chida chabwino. Amasunganso tsitsi nthawi yayitali. Kumeta tsitsi pafupipafupi kumachotsera kusuntha ndi seborrhea. Opaka nkhope ndi mafuta odzola, mutha kuyeretsa ma pores, kupatsanso khungu, kusalala ndi mtundu wathanzi. Sikuti azithandizo azikhalidwe okha ndi omwe amatchuka. Ambiri opanga zodzoladzola za thupi ali ndi mizere yokhala ndi oregano.
Ntchito yophika
Kugwiritsa ntchito oregano kuphika, ena amasokoneza ndi thyme. Zowonadi, mbewu ndizofanana kwambiri pakuwoneka ndi kununkhira pafupi zofanana. Komabe, thyme ndi ya mtundu wa Thyme wa banja lomwelo ndipo ali ndi katundu wosiyana pang'ono.
M'khitchini, masamba onunkhira amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zokometsera zokometsera. Amawonjezeredwa ku mbale zazikulu. Oregano amaphatikizidwa chimodzimodzi ndi nyama ndi nsomba. Zithandizirani kugwiririra bwino saladi, miyala yamchere, mbale yokhala ndi mazira ndi nsomba zam'nyanja. Oregano imawonjezedwanso kuti isungidwe, ndipo ku Russia masamba angapo adaikidwa mu kvass. Tiyi amapangidwa kuchokera ku oregano. Fungo lake lonunkhira limasiyanasiyana menyu, limalimbitsa thupi komanso limathandizanso kuvutika kwamanjenje.
