Streptocarpus ndi mtengo wokongola wopanga maluwa kuchokera ku banja la Gesneriaceae. Amapanga masamba ambiri a masamba pafupi ndi nthaka ndikupukuta ma inflorescence owala, omwe, mwachidziwikire, amakopa chidwi chachikulu. Dziko lokhala ndi maluwawo ndi lotentha kumwera kwa Africa, Madagascar ndi East Asia. Nthawi zambiri amakonda mitengo yamatalala, yonyowa, koma imatha kumera m'malo otsetsereka a m'mphepete mwa nyanja. Ngakhale kuti streptocarpus ndi chomera chosowa komanso chosowa kwa alimi, pang'onopang'ono chikuyamba kutchuka. Nthawi zambiri amatchedwa violet wabodza, koma wokhala ndi mawonekedwe olimba komanso osazindikira.
Kufotokozera kwamasamba
Streptocarpus ndi herbaceous osatha wokhala ndi nthambi yopanga nthambi, yotchedwa fibrous rhizome, yomwe ili kumtunda wa dothi lapamwamba. Chomera chiribe phesi. Khosi la muzu limakulira ndipo limatha kufinya. Rosette wa masamba ochepa masamba akulu amatuluka kuchokera pomwepo. Masamba opukutidwa okhala ndi m'mphepete mwamphamvu ali ndi khungu, pang'ono pang'ono pamtundu wakuda wobiriwira. Amatenga mawonekedwe ozungulira ndikukula pafupifupi 30 cm kutalika ndi 5-7 cm mulifupi.
Kuchokera pamphindi za tsamba lililonse pakhale maliseche ozungulira amapangika. Pamwamba pake pali masamba angapo, osindikizidwa mwamphamvu wina ndi mnzake. Kutalika kwa peduncle ndi 5-25 masentimita. Inflorescence imatha kukhala ndi maluwa osinthika angapo. Kapangidwe kake kamafanana ndi belu lokhala ndi miyala isanu ndi umodzi yozikika. Atatu apamwamba nthawi zambiri amakhala ofupikira pang'ono pansi. Makulidwe a corolla ndi masentimita 2-9. Utoto ukhoza kukhala wosiyana kwambiri (womveka kapena wokongola): pinki, lavenda, zoyera, buluu, wofiira, wofiirira, wachikasu. Nthawi yamaluwa imayamba mchilimwe ndipo imatha mpaka Seputembara, koma m'malo abwino mumphika, streptocarpus imatha kutulutsa chaka chonse. Zotsatira za kupukutira, zipatso zimacha ngati ma poto wopota. Mkati mwake muli mbewu zazing'ono kwambiri zakuda.
Mitundu ndi mitundu ya streptocarpus
Mtundu wa streptocarpus, mitundu yoposa 130 yajambulidwa. Ambiri aiwo ndi oyenera kukula pakhomo, koma mitundu yokongoletsera, yomwe imasiyanitsidwa ndi mitundu yambiri ya petal komanso kukula kwa malo omwe amatulutsa, ndi otchuka kwambiri.
Streptocarpus ndi miyala. Zomera zimakhala m'malo otsetsereka a mapiri ndi miyala yambiri pafupi ndi gombe la nyanja. Amalimbana ndi chilala komanso dzuwa lowala. Pansi, phokoso limakhala louma ndipo limayimira dimba lopota. Masamba obiriwira ochepa obiriwira owumbika ndi mulu wowala samapangidwira. Pazithunzi zoyambirira za mtundu wa lilac wobiriwira, ndi maluwa ochepa okha a lilac-violet omwe amatulutsa maluwa.
Streptocarpus Rex (Royal). Chomera chimakhala chotalika (mpaka 25 cm) masamba a pubescent ndi maluwa akulu a lilac okhala ndi kiyuni wofiirira. Mitundu iyi ndi ya nkhalango. Chimakula bwino pakadali pang'ono komanso chinyezi chambiri.
Vendland Streptocarpus. Maonekedwe achilendo amasiyana ndi kapangidwe kake. Choyerekeza chilichonse chimamera tsamba limodzi losachedwa mpaka 90c. Masamba ake ndi utoto wobiriwira, ndipo mitsempha ndiyopepuka. Kumbali yosiyana ndi pepalalo, pali mtundu wofiirira kapena wofiirira. Kumayambiriro kwa chilimwe, paduncle yayitali imawonekera, yomwe pamwamba pake imakongoletsedwa ndi maluwa auble 15-20 wamtambo-wa violet kutalika kwa 5 cm. Pambuyo povundukuka, zipatsozo zimamangidwa, ndipo chomera chimayamba kufota ndikufa.
Streptocarpus wosakanizidwa. Gululi limaphatikiza mitundu yambiri yokongoletsera ndi mitundu yamagulu. Zosangalatsa kwambiri:
- ds Mozart - ozunguliridwa ndi makwinya, masamba a pubescent pamtunda wautali wautali, waukulu (10-11 masentimita) maluwa amatuluka ndi buluu kumtunda ndi kirimu wachikasu, wokutidwa ndi ukonde, pamiyala yapansi;
- Ds 1290 - duwa lachiwiri-lokhala ndi masamba oyera oyera apamwamba ndi mawonekedwe achikasu-achikasu kumunsi;
- mndandanda - maluwa akuluakulu apawiri-okhala ndi mawonekedwe apinki a lalanje;
- nsalu ya krustalo - duwa lozungulira masentimita 5-7 okhala ndi miyala yoyera yophimbidwa ndi mawonekedwe amtundu wa airy;
- drako - miyala yoluka yamadzimadzi pamtunda imakhala yotuwa yapinki, ndipo pansi pake imakutidwa ndi mauna achikasu-burgundy;
- malaya okongoletsedwa - mauna akuda rasipiberi pamunsi yoyera;
- wow - rasipiberi-ofiira apamwamba aphatikizidwe ndi m'munsi achikasu;
- khadi yamphwando - inflorescence yama corollas angapo ofiira magazi omwe ali ndi chikaso pamunsi pamunsi;
- avalanche - amapanga kukula kwamphamvu kwa maluwa oundana oyera-owala pang'ono.
Njira zolerera
Streptocarpus imatha kufalitsidwa ndi njere ndi njira zamasamba. Kubzala mbewu nthawi zambiri kumagwiritsidwa ntchito posankha, chifukwa ana sakhala ngati mayi chomera, koma amatha kukhala ndi zilembo zawo zoyenera mitundu yatsopano. Mbewu popanda kukonzekera koyambirira amafesedwa mchidebe chosaya ndi vermiculite, peat ndi perlite. Zodzala zazing'ono zimaphatikizidwa ndi mchenga wamtsinje. Imagawidwa pamtunda, kenako dothi nkuthira pansi kuchokera mfuti ndikuwaphimba ndi chowonekera. Malo obiriwira azisungidwa m'kuwala kozungulira ndi kutentha kwa + 21 ... + 25 ° C. Ndikofunikira kuti mpweya wabwino uzikhala nawo nthawi zonse ndikuchotsa kuvulazidwa.
Mphukira zimawonekera limodzi pambuyo pa masabata 1.5-2. Zomera zikamakula, amazolowera malo okhala, koma amakhala ndi chinyezi chambiri. Pofika masamba awiri owona, mbande zimakhazikika pansi motalikirana ndi dothi losakanikirana ndi peat, moss-sphagnum, nthaka yamasamba ndi vermiculite.
Pofalitsa mitundu yosiyanasiyana yokongoletsa ndikusunga machitidwe a amayi, gwiritsani ntchito njira zotsatsira masamba izi:
- Gawani chitsamba. Chomera chomwe chimakhala ndi zaka 2-3 nthawi ya kuphukira chimamasulidwa ku dothi ndikugawidwa pang'onopang'ono m'magawo. Nthawi zambiri ana (zigawo zing'onozing'ono) amasiyanitsidwa ndi manja, ndikokwanira kumasula mizu. Ngati ndi kotheka, masharubu amadulidwa ndi masamba osabala. Malo omwe adadulidwa amathandizidwa ndi kaboni yoyambitsa. Ana nthawi yomweyo amabzalidwa m'nthaka yatsopano ndikuphimbidwa ndi kapu yowonekera kwa masiku angapo kuti chinyontho chizitha.
- Mizu yodula. Monga chogwirizira, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito pafupifupi gawo lililonse la mbewu. Mwana wopanda mizu, pepala lonse kapena chidutswa chake kuduladwamo amachapira ndi makala, kenako ndikuyika m'manda chonyowa. Kutambalala kumakutidwa ndi chipewa chowonekera. Ndikofunika kuchotsa condensate munthawi yake ndikuwaza nthaka. Ndikubwera kwa mizu, mbewu zazing'ono, limodzi ndi mtanda wakale wakale, zimayikidwa mumphika watsopano wokhala ndi dothi la anthu akuluakulu.
Kubzala kwa Streptocarpus
Ngakhale kuti ma streptocarpuses ndi osatha, kunyumba amafunika kusinthidwa komanso kusinthidwanso. Popanda njirayi, mitundu yambiri kuyambira chaka chachitatu cha moyo sichimakhala pachimake ndi kutaya kukongoletsa.
Pakubzala, muyenera kusankha mphika wosaya koma wokwanira wokwanira wokhala ndi mabowo okumba. Ndikwabwino kugwiritsa ntchito zida zamapulasitiki, monga mu dongo mizu wofota kwambiri amakula mpaka khoma, pomwe mtsogolomo lingasokoneze kutulutsa kwa mtengowo kwaulere. Mphika watsopano uyenera kukhala wotalikirana masentimita atatu kuposa woyambayo .. Udongo wokulumidwa, njerwa yofiira wosweka kapena zinthu zina zotulutsira pansi masentimita 1-2 zimayikidwa pansi.
Nthaka ya chomera iyenera kukhala yopepuka komanso yopatsa thanzi, yokhala ndi zotulutsira madzi okwanira. Mutha kugula gawo lapansi lopangidwa ndi ma warts kapena oyera m'sitolo. Kuphatikiza dothi panu nokha, muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito izi:
- peat;
- vermiculitis;
- perlite;
- akanadulidwa sphagnum moss;
- pepala lapansi.
Kusamalira Panyumba
Streptocarpuses imawonedwa ngati yowoneka bwino kwambiri kuposa masamba, mwachitsanzo, ma violets, ndioyenera kwa olima dimba.
Kuwala Duwa limakonda kuwala kosasunthika ndi nthawi yayitali masana. Kuyambira padzuwa lamasana, makamaka nyengo yotentha, muyenera kupanga chitetezo. Kuyambira Epulo mpaka Okutobala, mbewu zimayikidwa pazenera lakumadzulo kapena chakum'mawa, mutha kupita nawo kumalo olimira. M'nyengo yozizira, ndibwino kukonzanso poto pawindo lakum'mwera ndikugwiritsanso ntchito masana kuti mawonedwe masana amatha maola 14.
Kutentha Streptocarpus imayamba bwino kutentha pa + 20 ... + 25 ° C. M'nyengo yozizira, zipinda zozizira (+ 14 ° C) zidzatero. M'masiku otentha kwambiri, tikulimbikitsidwa kupopera mbewuzo ndikulowetsa chipindacho nthawi zambiri.
Chinyezi. Maluwa amafunikira chinyezi chachikulu, pafupifupi 50-70%, ngakhale amathanso kusintha kuti akhale ngati mpweya wouma. Pakapopera, mbewu zong'amba ziyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito, chifukwa madontho pamaluwa ndi masamba amatsogolera pakupanga nkhungu ndikuchepera kukongoletsa. M'nyengo yozizira, ndikofunikira kuyika streptocarpus kutali ndi zida zamagetsi.
Kuthirira. Chomera chimalekerera chilala pang'onopang'ono kuposa kusefukira nthaka. Pakati kuthirira, dothi lidayime ndi masentimita 2-4, kutengera kuya kwa mphika. Kuthirira kuyenera kuchitidwa m'mphepete mwa mphika kapena poto. Kulumikizana kwa masamba ndi mphukira ndi madzi ndizosayenera. Madziwo amayenera kukhala ndi kutentha pamwamba pa kutentha kwa chipinda ndikutsukidwa bwino.
Feteleza. Kupereka mphamvu ku streptocarpuses pachimake chachitali komanso chochulukirapo, ndikofunikira kuwonjezera umuna pansi. Chitani izi munthawi ya budding ndi maluwa 3-4 pamwezi. Njira yothetsera michere yopanga maluwa kapena maluwa imalowetsedwa m'nthaka. Mlingo womwe umalimbikitsa phukusi umachepetsedwa ndi 20%.
Mavuto omwe angakhalepo
Streptocarpus ndi chomera chomera bwino chomwe nthawi zambiri chimatha kudwala matenda osiyanasiyana. Itha kukhala fungal (powdery mildew, grey rot, tsamba dzimbiri) kapena matenda a bakiteriya. Nthawi zambiri, matendawa amakula pomwe chinyezi komanso kutentha kwa m'mlengalenga kusokonezeka kapena mbali zina za chomerazo zikakumana ndi madzi nthawi zonse. Pazizindikiro zoyambirira za matendawa, chomera chimapakidwa madzi ndi fungic kapena sopo yofewa, ndipo mikhalidwe yosungidwa isinthidwe. Onetsetsani kuti mwachepetsa malo owonongeka.
Mpweya wouma kwambiri pamakoma ndi maluwa abwino umatha kupangitsa kukhala ndi mavu, nsabwe za m'masamba, mealybugs ndi tizilombo tambiri. Kukhalapo kwa tiziromboti kufupikitsa nthawi yamaluwa kapena kumayambitsa kuyimitsidwa kwa masamba osasambitsidwa. Chithandizo cha mankhwala ophera tizilombo chikuyenera kuchitika magawo angapo. Ma makemikolo amaphwanyidwa osati pa korona, komanso kubweretsedwa pansi. Ndi matenda oopsa, kumuika umachitika ndikusintha dothi.
Ngati kutulutsa kwa streptocarpus kumawoneka wathanzi kwathunthu, koma osafuna kukondweretsa mwini wake ndi maluwa, ndikofunikira kuganizira kupeza malo owala. Sizofunikira kungokhala wowunikira, komanso nthawi yake (maora 14-16). Popanda magawo awa, sizingakhale zosangalatsa kusangalala ndi mitundu yowutsa mudyo ya inflorescences yayikulu komanso yowala.
