Marjoramu ndi zitsamba zosatha zomwe zimapezeka kumpoto kwa Africa, Middle East komanso Europe. Ndi mtundu wamtundu wa Oregano ndipo ndi wa banja la Iasnatkovye. Masamba onunkhira otchuka kwambiri omwe amalandiridwa ngati zokometsera komanso mankhwala. Kugwiritsa ntchito kwawo monga aphrodisiac, melliferi ndi zokongoletsera zamunda kumadziwikanso. Dzinalo "marjoram" mu Chiarabu limatanthawuza "losayerekezeka". Komanso akupezeka mayina "mardakush" kapena "mess."
Kufotokozera kwamasamba
Marjoram amakula 20-50 cm kutalika. Imakhala ndi zitsamba zolimba mwamphamvu kutalika konse. Pansi pake mumayamba kuuma ndipo kumada, ndipo kumtunda kumakutidwa ndi mulu waufupi ndikujambulidwa ndi golide kapena utoto. M'lifupi mwake mulinso masentimita 35 mpaka 40. Zoyipa zowala zimakhala ndi mbali zinayi.
Masamba ovunda kapena ozungulira pa petioles achidule amakula mosiyana. Ali ndi malekezero osamveka bwino komanso owonekera pang'ono. Pafupi m'mphepete mwa pepalalo mbali zonse ziwiri pali mulu wofewa wa siliva, womwe umapangitsa masamba ake kukhala ofewa, osangalatsa kukhudza. Ali ndi mtundu wobiriwira wowonekera bwino. Kutalika kwa pepala lamapulogalamu ndi 12 cm ndipo m'lifupi ndi 8-15 mm.
Mu Julayi-Ogasiti, ma inflorescence owoneka ngati mphukira amatumphuka pamwamba pa mphukira. Amakhala ndi mawonekedwe osachedwa ndipo amamva kupindika. Maluwa ang'onoang'ono amakula mumtundu ndipo ndi opinki achikuda, oyera kapena ofiira. Pambuyo pang'onopang'ono, mbewu zimamangirizidwa - mtedza wowumbidwa ndi dzira ndi malo osalala, wophatikizidwa pazidutswa zinayi pachidutswa chilichonse.
Mitundu yotchuka
Mu chikhalidwe, mitundu yokhayo yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi munda marjoram. M'malo ofunda, amalima ngati chaka chilichonse. Pamaso pa nthambi zomera pali madambo ofiira. Masamba otenthera bwino amakula pafupi wina ndi mnzake ndipo amakhala ndi siliva wobiriwira. Zosiyanasiyana:
- Gourmet - mitundu yobala zipatso m'miyezi itatu yokha imapanga chitsamba chotalika 60 cm;
- Thermos - siliva-imvi zimayambira 40 cm wamtali umakula wowongoka komanso wokutidwa ndi masamba obiriwira abwino, ndipo mu chirimwe tating'ono maluwa oyera amatuwa;
- Krete - chitsamba chotsika, chokhala ndi masamba obiriwira amtundu wamtambo wamtambo, chimayala maluwa okongola a pinki pamiyendo yoyenda ndikutsatsa kafungo kabwino.
Kukula ndi kubzala
Popeza ku horticulture chikhalidwe ndichachaka, ndizachilengedwe kuti kubereka kumachitika ndi mbeu. Ndikofunika kubzala mbande zisanakhazikike. Kuti tichite izi, kumapeto kwa Marichi, mabokosi osaya ndi dothi lotakasuka komanso lachonde amakonzedwa. Mbewu zing'onozing'ono zimasakanizidwa ndi mchenga ndikugawika m'mango ndi ma akuya masentimita 2-3. Nthaka imamwaza kuchokera mfuti ndikuwaphimba ndi filimu. Sungani wowonjezera kutentha kutentha pa + 20 ... + 25 ° C.
Kuwombera kumawonekera pambuyo pa masabata 2-3. Pambuyo pake, filimuyo imachotsedwa ndipo kutentha kumachepetsa kukhala + 12 ... + 16 ° C. Ndikulimbikitsidwa kuti usana ndi usiku kutentha kusinthasintha kuzungulira 4 ° C. Dothi likamuma, marjoram amamwe madzi. Pakuwoneka masamba awiri owona, mbande zimakhazikitsidwa m'bokosi lina lomwe lili ndi mtunda wa masentimita 5-6.
Kumapeto kwa Meyi, kutentha kwa mpweya kukasiya kugwera mpaka 0 ° C, marjoram amabzalidwa poyera. Tsambalo likuyenera kusankhidwa lotseguka ndi dzuwa, koma osakonzekera. Popeza chitsamba chophukacho chapezeka posachedwa, mbande sizinayikidwe pamiyambo (15-20 cm mu mzere ndi 35-40 masentimita pakati pa mizere). Dziko lapansi liyenera kukhala lonyalala kapena loamy, lotayirira mokwanira komanso lopanda madzi.
Masiku angapo asanabzike, amakumba pansi ndi kompositi kapena humus, ndikuwonjezeranso pang'ono urea, superphosphate kapena potaziyamu sulfate (pafupifupi 20 g / m²). Muyenera kuyesa kupulumutsa dothi loumbika kapena kubzala mbewu limodzi ndi miphika ya peat. Njira yodzala mizu imatenga milungu itatu. Pakadali pano, kumeta pang'ono ndi kuthirira nthawi zonse ndikofunikira.
Chisamaliro cha Marjoram
Kuti mupeze zokolola zambiri za marjoram, muyenera kuyang'anira, koma kuyesetsa mopitirira muyeso sikofunikira. Chikhalidwe chimakonda chinyezi, choncho muyenera kuthiririra pafupipafupi komanso kambiri, koma chilala chochepa sichingavulaze. Masamba otumphukira amasintha msanga mukathilira. Kuyambira mu Julayi, kuthirira kwachitika pafupipafupi, kulola nthaka kuti ichotse kutumphuka.
Mutabzala marjoramu, kuvala pamwamba kamodzi ndikokwanira. Zimayambitsidwa pambuyo pa masabata a 3-4, pafupifupi kumapeto kwa kusintha. Mchere wa potaziyamu (10 g), urea (10 g) ndi superphosphate (15-20 g) umawilitsidwa mu ndowa. Zotsatira zake zimatsanuliridwa pamabedi 1 m². Kudandaula kwina pankhani yodyetsa sikofunikira.
Nthawi ndi nthawi, mumasula dothi ndikuchotsa udzu pafupi ndi mbewu. Kupalira kumachitika mosamala kuti tisawononge mizu.
Marjoram nthawi zambiri amakhala osagwira matenda. Ngati mumabzala kwambiri ndipo nthawi yotentha imagwa, bowa limatha kumera. Ndikwabwino kungochepetsa kumene kubzala ndikusunga zina mwazomera m'malo modandaula ndi kuwononga chilichonse. Marjoram moth amatha kukhazikika pamasamba.
Kutolera ndi kututa zopangira
Nyengo, chitsamba chimatha kukolola kawiri. Izi zimachitika kwa nthawi yoyamba kumapeto kwa Julayi, komanso koyambilira kwa Okutobala. Pogwiritsa ntchito mpeni wakuthwa kapena lumo, dulani mbali yakumtunda ndi masamba ndi maluwa, ndikuwasiya mphukira mpaka 6 cm. Muyenera kusankha malo okhala ndi mpweya wabwino mu mthunzi. Zomera zimasinthidwa pafupipafupi ndikuzisunthira kuyanika. Chinyezi chonse chikasanduka, ziphuphu zimayang'aniridwa masamba owuma ndi achikasu, kenako ndikuthira fumbi. Amayikidwa m'mbale zamagalasi ndi chivindikiro cholimba.
Ntchito Yophika
Marjoram ndi zonunkhira zotchuka kwambiri. Ndikosavuta kupeza dziko linalake, dziko la zonunkhira. Amadziwika kulikonse. Kukoma kwa marjoramu kumakhala ndi zolemba zatsopano komanso zowawa. Mukapukutira masamba, kununkhira kwa camphor lokhala ndi zokometsera komanso zowonjezera zowonjezera kumveka. M'khitchini, zokometsera zimagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri. Amawonjezera masoseji, mbale zazikulu, sopo, saladi, kabichi yoyendera ndi ma nyemba. Nyengo ndizophatikizidwa bwino kwambiri ndi mafuta amafuta. Amachotsa matenda a shuga ndikuwongolera kugaya.
Pamodzi ndi tchire, basil ndi mbewu zonyamula mutha kumapangidwa mosangalatsa. Masamba owuma amawonjezedwanso ku zakumwa zotentha. Chakumwa choterocho chimawonjezera mphamvu ndikuwotha bwino, chimasintha magazi ndikuyenda m'mitsempha yamagazi.
Komabe, ndikofunikira kwambiri kutsatira muyeso. Ngati mukulongeza ndi zowonjezera, kukoma kwa mbale sikumveka.
Zothandiza katundu
Masamba ndi maluwa a marjoramu amakhala ndi zinthu zambiri zachilengedwe zothandiza. Zina mwa izo ndi:
- mavitamini;
- flavonoids;
- pectin;
- mafuta ofunikira;
- phytohormones;
- manganese;
- mkuwa
- chitsulo
- zinc;
- calcium
Zipangizo zoyera zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga tiyi ndi zophatikizika zovuta ndi zitsamba zina. Kuyambira kale, kukonzekera kochokera ku marjoramu kumawerengedwa kuti ndi mankhwala abwino kwambiri oyenda ndi kuzungulira kwa mtima ndi mtima. Amathandizanso pazinthu zotsatirazi:
- Mano
- minofu kukokana;
- kusamba kwa msambo ndi kupweteka;
- kusintha kwa mahomoni kumbuyo;
- m'mimba kukhumudwa;
- kusowa tulo
- mutu.
Chipinda chili ndi diaphoretic, diuretic, bactericidal ndi fungicidal kanthu. Imafinya bwino ndikuchotsa thovu m'mapapo.
Mafuta ofunikira amayenera kusamalidwa mwapadera. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito pamagulu a aromatherapy. Amadzozeranso chimanga, ma warts ndi zotupa pakhungu.
Contraindication ndi zovuta
Ngakhale mtundu wa marjoram wokometsera sayenera kunyamulidwa mopambanitsa. Amadzipatsira ana osakwana zaka 5, azimayi oyembekezera komanso oyembekezera, anthu omwe ali ndi vuto la magazi komanso kuwonjezeka kwa magazi.
Pakakhala vuto losokoneza bongo, kupweteka mutu, nseru, ndi kuvutika mtima kumachitika.
