Chinsinsi cha kutchuka kwa akalulu a Californiya chimakhala pa maonekedwe awo akunja, nzeru, komanso mosamalitsa nyama zowakomera. Nyama za nyamazi zimakhala ndi malo omwe amatsogolera padziko lonse. Ena mwa iwo amapatsidwa chakudya chamtundu wapamwamba, ena amawakonda ubweya wokongola, ndipo ena amakondwera kucheza ndi zinyama zokongola. Tidzauza za zodabwitsa za woyera a Californian akalulu, komanso zenizeni za kuswana kwawo, kukweza ndi kudyetsa achinyamata mu nkhaniyi.
Tsatanetsatane wamabambo
Anthu ambiri a ku Californiya omwe amakhala ndi nthawi yaitali amakhala okonzeka kusintha zinthu zatsopano, amakhala m'madera akummwera ndi kumpoto m'makontinenti onse padziko lapansi. 
Kuonjezera apo, akukula mofulumira, kupanga nyama ndi ubweya wapamwamba pamtunda, zomwe zimathandiza kuti ziweto zizikhala zolinga za nyama. Talingalirani zomwe zimapindulitsa ndi zothandiza za akalulu a California mufotokozedwe mwatsatanetsatane wa mtunduwu.
Mukudziwa? Ku Australia, akalulu amtchire amaonedwa kuti ndi owopsa kwambiri, chifukwa kuwonongeka kwa pachaka kumene amachititsa ulimi kumalima kumawerengeka pafupifupi $ 600 miliyoni. Akuluakulu a boma adziŵerengera zoopsa zomwe zimakhala zochitika m'moyo wawo, zomwe m'tsogolo zimayambitsa kuwononga kwa minda, kutentha kwa nthaka, kutha kwa mitundu yambiri ya nyama. Chifukwa chake, nyama izi zimaletsedwa: olakwira adzapidwa madola 30,000.
Mbiri yopondereza
Chiyambi cha mtundu wa California umagwirizanitsidwa ndi dzina la George West - wolima wotchuka wa ku America wochokera ku California yemwe amadziwika pa kuswana kwa akalulu. Poyamba, wobereketsa kalulu muzinthu zankhaninkhani ankawoneka ngati wosakanizidwa, ndipo mu 1928 okha anazindikiridwa ngati mtundu wosiyana.
Mu maziko ake adayikidwa majeremusi a New Zealand woyera, a Russian, ndi Soviet chinchilla agogo, otchuka pa nthawi imeneyo ku Ulaya. Chifukwa cha zaka zambiri zowonjezereka, mtundu wapadera unakhala ndi makhalidwe abwino kwambiri a amayi.
Mlengi wa anthu a ku California atangoyamba kuswana amakhala ndi cholinga chopanga akalulu akale omwe ali ndi ubweya wapamwamba kwambiri. Choncho, kupambana kumeneku kumapambana kuposa ziyembekezo zonse. 
M'zaka zoyambirira za kukhalapo kwake, mtunduwu, ngakhale ubwino wake wonse, sunali wotchuka. M'kupita kwa nthawi, alimi omwe ali kutali ndi California adayamikira kukolola ndi ubwino wa zinyama zokongolazi, komanso kusamalidwa kwawo ndi kusamalidwa.
Mukudziwa? Ngati anthu anapatsa akalulu ufulu wowonjezera kubereka, ndiye kuti zaka 90 ziwerengero za zinyamazi zidzakhala zofanana ndi chiwerengero cha mamitala pa dziko lapansi.
Zizindikiro za kunja
Mukhoza kusiyanitsa kalulu wa California ku mitundu ina maonekedwe akunja. Zili ndi mawonekedwe akuluakulu a thupi, omwe nthawi yomweyo amawoneka ofanana, aang'ono ndi ofiira miyendo, mutu waung'ono wooneka ndi maso ofiira, khosi loonda, lalitali-makutu, tsitsi lakuda. Mtundu wa zinyama umatanthauzanso: makutu, mphuno, paws ndi mchira ndi zofiirira, ndipo mbali zina zonse ndi zoyera. Kawirikawiri ndi anthu ena a chokoleti ndi matani a buluu. Anthu a ku Californi nthawi zambiri amawatcha "agulugufe." Ndipotu, kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa mitundu imeneyi ndi kosavuta kwa akatswiri okhaokha. Posankha akalulu, amafunsa ogula kuti amvetsere nkhope ya akalulu. Oimira "agulugufe" maso ali mdima, ndipo malo pamphuno amafanana ndi mapiko otseguka a njenjete.
Ngati mumayang'ana achinyamata, sizingatheke kuti musokonezeke, chifukwa ana obadwa kumene amakhala ndi mtundu woyera kapena woyera wa buluu. Kuwongolera zinyama kumawoneka bwino kwambiri pa kukula kwawo pamene ntchito ya mtundu wa enzyme, tyrosinan, ikuyamba.
Mukudziwa? Maso a akalulu ndi hares akukonzedwa mwanjira yakuti, popanda kutembenuza mitu yawo, amatha kuona zomwe zikuchitika pambuyo pawo.
Kukonzekera
Mitundu yaku California ikukula 4.5-5.2 kg kulemera kwake. Ndipo nyama izi zimakula kwambiri. Kuchokera ku 45-gramu kalulu, nyama yamakilogalamu awiri imakula mpaka miyezi iwiri. Poyendetsa nyama, nyama zimapitirira mpaka miyezi isanu ndi iwiri, pamene chitukuko chawo chikutha, ndipo kulemera kwake kumafika pamtunda waukulu. 
Kawirikawiri, kupha nyama imodzi ya mtundu wa akalulu kumatulutsa 80% ya nyama ndi 2.5% mafuta. Mukalumikiza mwanayo mukhoza kukhala akalulu 7 mpaka 15. Akalulu ali ndi khalidwe labwino la amayi komanso labwino la mkaka, zomwe zimathandiza achinyamata kuti azikula mofulumira. Kwa chaka kuchokera pachiberekero chimodzi mukhoza kulera ana okwana 35. Kupereka banja la anthu 4-5 ali ndi nyama zapamwamba, akazi 4 ndi 1 amuna ali okwanira.
Alimi amalankhulana mosiyana za kubzala bwino kwa mtundu uwu, chifukwa mtengo wa kusunga nyama ndi wochepa, ndipo zokolola zimaposa zoyembekeza zonse.
Ndikofunikira! Tikayesa kuwona zokolola za akalulu a mtundu wa California ndi ndondomeko ya kuchepa, ndiye kuti mtengo wake ndi 60-64%, omwe akatswiri amawaona kuti ndipamwamba kwambiri pazitsogozo za nyama.
Mungasankhe bwanji kalulu mukamagula
Akatswiri amalangiza pakagula akalulu kuti asiye kusankha payekha kuchokera kwa ana ang'onoang'ono. Nkofunika kuyang'anitsitsa nyama. Ziyenera kukhala zogulitsidwa ndi kudyetsedwa bwino, ndi zowirira, zonyezimira ndi zosalala, maso oyera. 
Pewani akalulu ndi mafinya otsekemera ndi kutupa mimba. Ngati mukukonzekera kugula akazi ambiri, muyenera kuwasankha kuchokera ku zisa zosiyanasiyana. Izi zimachitidwa kupeŵa kugonana.
Ndikofunikanso pogula masewero m'makutu. Ayenera kukhala oyera, opanda mawonekedwe otupa otsekemera ndi kutuluka kulikonse. Kalulu wathanzi nthawi zonse amasonyeza chidwi, akugwira ntchito mu khola, sakuwopa phokoso lachitatu ndipo ali wokoma mtima. Alibe kutaya ndi kusamba kwa minofu.
Ndikofunikira! Kukayikira kumayambitsidwa ndi akalulu, omwe amakhala osatetezeka m'khola, amakana kudya, amaopa kupita kunja ndipo samawonetsa chidwi pa chilichonse chowazungulira.
Tsitsi lozungulira cloaca ndi loyera osati losakaniza. Apo ayi mukuchita ndi nyama yomwe ili ndi vuto ndi tsamba la m'mimba. Ndibwino kuti wogula afunse za zakudya za ziweto, zaka, kulemera ndi makolo.
Kusamalira ndi kusamalira
Akalulu a California amatha kusintha zinthu zatsopano, koma kuti tipeze zonse zomwe takambirana pamwambapa pofotokoza za mtunduwu, mwiniwakeyo ayenera kuyamba kusamalira khola lalikulu lopambanitsa. Kutalika kwake kuyenera kulola nyama kukwera pamapazi awo amphongo popanda zopinga.
Mukati, onetsetsani kuti mumakonzekera odyetsa ndi oledzera omwe alipo, komanso malo ogona omwe nyamayo idzagona.
Otsatira a mbalame zamtundu wa mbalame adzakondwera kuwerengera za mitundu ina yakalulu ya akalulu: chimphona choyera, chimphona chachikulu, chamtundu, chakuda-bulauni, flandr.
Ikani khola mwabwino makamaka mu mthunzi wabwino wa mpweya wa malo pomwe mulibe zidutswa ndi dzuwa. Khola la mkati mwa khola liyenera kukhala ndi utuchi kapena katchi yapadera. Chinthu chachikulu ndi chakuti zinthuzo ndizomwe zimakhala zowonongeka komanso zimakhala ndi fungo.
Kusamalira mazira sikuphatikizapo kudyetsa ndi kuyeretsa selo - kumathandizanso ukhondo diso, tsitsi, khungu, makutu, kudumpha misomali. Kawirikawiri kuyang'anitsitsa kwa chiweto chanu nthawi zonse kumathandiza kuti muzindikire vutoli kumayambiriro oyambirira ndikukhalitsa nthawiyo. 
Pa khungu la nyamayo pasakhale chowonongeka, mawanga ofiira, nkhanambo, ziphuphu ndi zilonda. Kukhalapo kwawo kumasonyeza kusayenerera kosayenera kwa chiwindi, kusalinganizana kwa mahomoni, kusokonezeka maganizo. Chovala cha kalulu wathanzi ndi chowala komanso chofewa. Ngati mumapeza makina, amafunika kudula. Ngati n'kotheka, sirutsani akalulu ndi masukidwe achilengedwe.
Ndikofunikira! Kalulu mmodzi wa mtundu wa California ayenera kukhala ndi mamita 0,3 lalikulu mu khola.
Mawonekedwe a maso amafunika kuyendera tsiku ndi tsiku. Ngati diso limodzi liri kuthirira, ilo likhoza kukhala chifukwa cha kuwomba kapena chidutswa cha fumbi. Yang'anani mosamala ndi kuyang'ana. Maso onse ofewa ndi zizindikiro za conjunctivitis, choncho muyenera kuonana ndi veterinarian wanu mwamsanga. Kutaya kwachangu kumachotsedwa pamakona a maso ndi chidutswa choyera, nsalu yochepetsedwa pang'ono m'madzi ofunda.
Makutu a nyama ayenera kusungidwa bwino. Zikakhala zowononga, zingakhale zofunikira kuyeretsa turundum wothira mu njira yochepa yothetsera boric acid.
Mukudziwa? Akalulu kunyumba akhoza kukhala ndi zaka 12, ndipo kuthengo, moyo wawo umakhala zaka 1-2 zokha.
Zimene mungadye
Zinyama zathanzi ndi zothandiza m'banjamo zimatha kokha ndi zakudya zokwanira. Tiyeni tiwone zomwe akalulu a ku California amakonda kuposa kudyetsa iwo, komanso ngati chakudya chikudalira nyengo. 
Chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa chitukuko cha achinyamata, ziweto ziyenera kuperekedwa zakudya zamapuloteni. Zakudya za tsiku ndi tsiku, nsomba kapena ufa wa nyama, mkaka, komanso mapuloteni amathandizira. Musamasiye chakudya cha akalulu: udzu kapena udzu watsopano, mbewu, mizu, chakudya. Musaiwale kuonetsetsa kuti nthawi zonse mumakhala madzi abwino kwa omwera. M'nyengo yozizira, ndi zofunika kuwatentha, ndipo nthawi ya chilimwe imakhala yowirikiza.
Ndikofunikira! Ndi kangati kudyetsa akalulu a California kumadalira zaka zawo. Mwachitsanzo, akalulu aang'ono, omwe analekanitsidwa ndi mkaka wa amayi mwezi umodzi wapitawo, amafunikira zakudya zisanu ndi ziwiri, ndipo 2-3 ndi okwanira anthu okalamba patsiku.
Abwino abwino samangoganizira kuti zinyama zimadyetsedwa bwino komanso zimakhala ndi chakudya choyenera komanso zakudya. Ndikofunika kuti akalulu adziwe mavitamini ndi ma microelements ofunika kuti apange chitukuko ndi chakudya. Ndipo chifukwa chakuti ali odzichepetsa pamakonzedwe, kukonza chakudya chamasiku onse sikungotenge nthawi yambiri. Ndikofunika kusinthana ndi zosavuta, zinyama, zitsamba, tansy, clover, plantain.
M'nyengo yozizira, udzu wobiriwira umalowetsa m'malo osungunuka. Komanso, nyama zimakonda kaloti, maungu, kabichi ndi zukini. Musakhale ndi nthochi, parsley, kohlrabi. Koma izi ndi zokoma zomwe zimafunika kuchepetsedwa, mwinamwake inu mumayambitsa matenda otsegula m'mimba komanso matenda opatsirana. 
Kuchokera pamatope, mapulo aang'ono, linden, phulusa ndi aspen zimalandiridwa. Mu zakudya ayenera kukhala chimanga, nyemba, oats, balere ndi chinangwa.
Ndikofunikira! Kuyenerera kwa zakudya zosankhidwa kungathe kuweruzidwa ndi maonekedwe ndi khalidwe la nyama, komanso fungo la nyansi zake. Akalulu samakonda chokoleti, zopangira utsi ndi zakudya zina zomwe anthu amadziwika bwino. Zakudyazi, komanso kusintha kwakukulu kwa zakudya, zimakhudza mavuto onse a nyama.
Katemera wa akalulu
Mitundu yonse ya akalulu ndi yovuta kwambiri ku matenda. Malingana ndi ziweto, pafupifupi 10 peresenti ya ziweto zimafika ku chiwerengero cha kuphedwa koyenera chifukwa cha matenda, inanso 20% ya ziweto imatsutsidwa chifukwa chomwecho.
Akatswiri amatcha matenda oopsa komanso owopsa kwa zinyama zamtunduwu, myxomatosis ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.
Kufa kuchokera ku matenda oyambirira ndi okwera kwambiri, kumaphatikizapo anthu 90%. Mliri wamba myxomatosis imayamba masika ndi autumn. Zonyamulira tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndi tizilombo toyamwa magazi, makamaka udzudzu. Choncho, kupulumutsa ziweto kumatheka kokha ndi katemera wanthaŵi yake.
Anthu omwe ali ndi matenda ali ndi chiwindi choyera m'maso, kubvunda, kufiira kumawonekera m'maso, kupuma kumakhala kovuta, imayamba kutuluka m'mphuno. M'kupita kwa nthawi, chikuwoneka chikuwoneka, nyamayo imakana kudya, imachepetsa makutu, imayenda pang'ono. Kusunga odwala sikutheka.
Pezani zomwe mukuyenera kuchita ngati kalulu ali ndi coccidiosis komanso momwe mungachitire ndi Solicox ndi Baycox.
Matenda a mphutsi a akalulu (VGBK) imafalitsidwa ndi madontho okwera m'mlengalenga ndipo imakula masiku atatu, ndipo nthawi zambiri pamakhala zotsatira zoopsa. Kufa kwa matendawa kumatulukiranso mkati mwa ziweto 90%.
Choopsa chachikulu cha matendawa chiri mu zizindikiro zobisika. Zomwe zimakhala zovuta kwambiri kupuma, zimakhala zovuta kupuma, kutentha thupi, kutuluka magazi kuchokera pakamwa komanso malo ochepa. Nyama zakufa za matendawa ziyenera kutenthedwa ndipo selo ndi zipangizo zonse ziyenera kutetezedwa bwino. Pazochitika zonsezi, n'zotheka kukana tizilombo toyambitsa matenda pokhapokha katemera. M'madera owona za ziweto muli zipangizo zovuta komanso zosiyana ndi matenda onse.
Akatswiri amalangiza kuti apange katemera ku zovutazo. Kwa nthawi yoyamba ndondomekoyi imachitika pamene akalulu ali ndi miyezi imodzi ndi theka - asanayambe kuyamwa mkaka wa mayi. Yachiŵiri - kupyolera mu trimester (pamene zinyama 4.5 miyezi). M'tsogolo, katemera wa prophylactic ayenera kubwerezedwa mobwereza miyezi isanu ndi umodzi.
Ndikofunikira! Katetezedwe kachitidwe ka katemera kokha kamakhala kosavuta kwa anthu wathanzi okha. Ndipo ndi syringe imodzi mumatha kuyesa achinyamata onse mu khola limodzi, koma nyama zazikulu zimayenera katemera payekha.
Kulera
Miyezi isanu ya Californiya ikhoza kukhalabe ndi ana awo, kulowa mu chibwenzi choyamba. Anthu obereketsa akhoza kukhala ndi moyo zaka khumi. Ndikofunika kuti ali ndi thanzi labwino. Posankha wamkazi ndi abambo, onetsetsani kuti mumamvetsera mwakuya kwawo, kulemera kwake ndi kuchitapo kanthu. Sizowonjezera kuti pitirizani kubwereka ndi zochepa kapena zochepa kwambiri. Kukambirana sikukhala masekondi osachepera 30. 
Kuwoneka kwa nsungwana wamng'ono ndiko nthawi yofunikira kwambiri kwa wofalitsa kalulu. Ndikofunika kuti akalulu awevu amwe ngati mayi ake atachepa. Pakati pa makumi asanu ndi awiri (70%), nthawi ya lactation ya ku California ikucheperachepera patapita masiku makumi asanu ndi limodzi (45) kuchokera ku lambing.
Zakudya zatsopano kwa ziweto zazing'ono zimayambitsidwa pang'onopang'ono, kuwonjezera pa zakudya zomwe zimadya nthawi zonse. Poyamba, nyama zinyama zimabzalidwa muzitsekerero za anthu 6-7, ndipo pakapita nthawi amagawaniza amuna ndi akazi. Ndipo mu khola limodzi sipangakhale zoposa 2 ziweto zazikulu.
Mukudziwa? Kalulu wa makilogalamu awiri akhoza kumwa madzi ochuluka monga galu khumi wa kilogalamu.
Chakudya chobiriwira achinyamata nthawi yomweyo sichikuperekedwa. Zimaperekedwa pang'onopang'ono pamasabata atatu okha. Asanayambe kudya, akalulu ayeneranso kuthirira madzi. M'chilimwe, zitsamba ndi zabwino kwa iwo, ndipo m'nyengo yozizira - udzu wa tirigu, kaloti ndi oats.
Tsopano inu mukudziwa zonse zokhudza mtundu wa akalulu a California: momwe angadyetse iwo, awutseni ndi kuwasunga iwo ku matenda owopsa. Tikuyembekeza kuti nkhani yathu ikuthandizani pokonzekera kubereka kalulu wabwino.
