Pachistachis ndi chitsamba chobiriwira cha banja lachi Acanthus. Mwachilengedwe, amapezeka ku Mexico, Australia ndi East India. Chomera chamuyaya ichi chimadziwika chifukwa cha masamba ake akuluakulu okongola komanso mawonekedwe achilendo a nthenga. Kuchokera pachilankhulo chachi Greek, dzinalo litha kutanthauziridwa kuti "kukwera". Ojambula maluwa amachitcha kuti "shrimp chagolide", "kandulo", "lollipop". Nthawi zambiri, pachistachis amalimidwa ngati chomera. Olima maluwa ambiri amawopa kuti azikhala kumalo otentha chifukwa chovuta kusamalidwa. Komabe, pachistachis sidzafunika chidwi chachikulu kuti chikule ndi kuphuka.
Kufotokozera kwamasamba
Pachistachis ndi mbewu yobiriwira yobiriwira yophukira ndi mphukira za herbaceous kapena lignified. Amabzala mwamphamvu, ndikupanga chitsamba chobisalira, pafupifupi. Munthawi zachilengedwe, kutalika kwa msamba kumafikira 2.5 m. Kufalikira, koma mphukira zolimba kwambiri zimamera mokhazikika, zimakutidwa ndi khungwa lobiriwira.
Masamba akulu osiyananso ndi petioles apezeka palitali kutalika konse. Kutalika kwake ndi masentimita 10 mpaka 20. Pamwamba pa pepalali ndi chonyezimira ndipo m'mbali mwake ndi yolimba kapena yolumikizidwa.
M'mwezi wa Marichi-Epulo, ma inflorescence okhala ngati kangaude wazitali pafupifupi 10 cm amawonekera kumapeto kwa njirazi. Masikelo ndi achikaso achikasu kapena lalanje. Kenako, maluwa akuluakulu oyera, oyera, ofiira kapena ofiira okhala ndi masamba ofanana pafupifupi 5 cm.Maluwa amayamba kuchokera m'munsi ndipo pang'onopang'ono amawuka. Maluwa amazimera mu masabata 1-2. Koma nthongoyo imapitilira kwa nthawi yayitali, ndiye kuti maluwa amatenga mpaka Okutobala. Zokwanira, 15-20 inflorescences zotere zimatha kuphuka pach chitsamba pachaka.
Mitundu ya Pachistachis
Mitundu ya mbewu siyambiri, mitundu 12 yokha ndiyolembetsa mmenemo. Pa chikhalidwe (ngakhale m'minda yazomera), ndi mitundu itatu yokha yokha yomwe imapezeka, mbewu zina zonse zimatha kuwoneka kuthengo.
Pachistachis chikasu. Chitsamba chotalika masentimita 90-120 chimadziwika ndi mphukira zowala, zophukira kwambiri. Zimayambira zimakutidwa ndi khungwa lamdima wobiriwira, ndipo pang'onopang'ono limayamwa. Masamba ozungulira amamera mosiyana, modutsa. Magawo onse awiriwa ndiotalika komanso opindika. Pepala lamtundu wobiriwira wamdima limakula kutalika kwa 15-20 masentimita ndipo mulitali ndi 4-6. Pamwamba pake pali yokutidwa ndi mitsempha. M'mwezi wa Marichi-Sepemba, makutu akulu owoneka bwino mpaka masentimita 10-15. Amakutidwa ndi mabulangete agolide, pomwe maluwa oyera kapena otsekemera aakawiri amawoneka mosiyanasiyana. Amakhala ndi tinsalu tokhala ngati maondo tokhala ndi mitundu ingapo ya mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya utoto wobiriwira.
Pachistachis wofiira. Amadziwikanso kuti "Cardinal Guardsman" wofanana ndi inflorescence wokhala ndi nthenga yofiyira pa chipewa chake. Mtengowo umakhala chitsamba chachikulu, chamtunda chachitali pafupifupi mamita 2. Masamba obiriwira olimba kwambiri pamtunda wamtunda wamtunda wamtunda wamera pazomera. Kutalika kwawo m'chilengedwe kumatha kukhala 40 cm. Masamba opaka utoto wobiriwira ndipo nthawi zina amaphimbidwa ndi banga la burgundy. Makutu owala a chimanga okhala ndi masikelo obiriwira amdima mkati mwa masika. Maluwa ofiira ofiira amatuluka pansi pawo. Corolla imakhala ndi mafelesi anayi a mawonekedwe opangidwa ndi lamba. Atatu oyambira adawerama, ndipo wachinayi, ngati bwato, adawapachika. Ma stamens ataliatali okhala ndi ma anthers achikasu achikasu amatuluka pakati.
Pachistachis spikelet. Chomera sichimapezeka kawirikawiri m'makomo, chifukwa chimafuna chisamaliro chokwanira. Amapanga chitsamba chobiriwira mpaka mamita 1. Chowoneka bwino chobiriwira chomwe chimakhala chamtunda wa 25 cm chimapindika mu kakhoma kamtsempha. Chapakatikati, inflorescence yayitali yayitali imakutidwa ndi masamba obiriwira, nondescript. Nthawi yomweyo, mitunduyi imamasula kwambiri, kusungunula maluwa angapo ofiira owala ndi lalanje lalikulupo nthawi imodzi.
Njira zolerera
Kufalikira kwa pachistachis kunyumba kumachitika ndi njira yodula. Zodulidwa za tsinde zosapindika ndi zapakatikati ndizoyenera izi. Amadulidwa mchaka. Phesi iliyonse iyenera kukhala ndi masamba awiri amtundu wa 1-2. Amatenga mizu m'madzi ofunda, oyeretsedwa bwino. Zomera zimasungidwa pansi pa hood pamawonekedwe a + 22 ... + 25 ° C.
Tsiku lililonse muyenera kupukusa ndi kupopera mbewuzo. Pakatha masiku pafupifupi 10-15, mizu yaying'ono idzawonekera. Tsopano zodulidwazo zibzalidwa mumiphika wosiyana ndi mainchesi pafupifupi 12 cm ndi dothi la akulu akulu. Mutha kubzala mbande ziwiri limodzi kuti muthe kubzala chitsamba chobiriwira. Zomera zikatulutsidwa, zikhomani malire ake kuti mukhale nthambi yabwino. Kumayambiriro kwa kasupe wotsatira, transshipment imachitika m'miphika yayikulu.
Kusamalira Panyumba
Pachistachis posamalira siwopindulitsa, koma sangakuloreni kuti muiwale za inu, apo ayi wolimayo maluwa sadzawona tchire lokongola komanso losangalatsa.
Kuwala Chomera chimafuna kuwala kowala. M'nyengo yotentha, imayenera kuyimitsidwa kuyambira pakuwala kwamasana, ndipo m'mawa ndi madzulo imatha kuwonekera dzuwa. M'nyengo yotentha, mbewu zimatengedwa kupita kumlengalenga, koma zimatetezedwa mosamala ku mpweya wokonzekera. M'nyengo yozizira, maluwa amakonzedwanso pazenera lakumwera kapena kugwiritsa ntchito magetsi.
Kutentha Pachistahis amakonda malo abwino otentha. Kutentha koyenera kwa chilimwe chifukwa chake ndi + 21 ... + 25 ° C. M'masiku otentha, muyenera kupindulira chipindacho pafupipafupi ndikumwaza zitsamba. Mu Novembro-Marichi, matenthedwe amasunthika mpaka + 16 ... + 19 ° C. Kuzizira pansipa + 14 ° C kumayambitsa kudandaula ndi kufa kwa chomeracho. Ndi kusinthasintha kowoneka bwino ndi mapangidwe ake, pachistachis amatha kutaya masamba.
Chinyezi. Chomera chimafuna chinyezi chachikulu (60% kapena kupitilira). Kuti achite izi, amamuthira mankhwala, kusamba ndikusamba pafupi ndi pallets ndi madzi kapena miyala yonyowa. Nthawi yamaluwa, madzi sayenera kugwera pa inflorescence.
Kuthirira. Pachistachis sayenera kungosiyidwa osakonzekera nthawi yatchuthi, popeza mmera sudzatha kupitilira masiku opitilira 2-3 popanda kuthirira. Muthirirani mankhwala pafupipafupi komanso kuti dothi lisaphwe. Popewa matenda oyamba ndi fungus, madzi opezeka amatsanulidwa kuchokera poto. Madzi othirira ayenera kutsukidwa bwino ndikukhazikika. Ndi kuzizira, kuthirira kumachepetsedwa.
Feteleza. M'mwezi wa Marichi-Okutobala, kawiri pamwezi, pachistachis amadyetsedwa ndi ma mineral mawonekedwe a maluwa. Vala yovala bwino yosenda bwino imagwiritsidwa ntchito panthaka patali ndi zimayambira kuti kuyaka sikuwoneke.
Thirani Zaka 1-2 zilizonse, mbewu zimalimbikitsidwa kuti zizisinthidwa. Mphika umakutidwa pang'ono kuposa woyamba ndipo gawo lina lakale lapansi limachotsedwa kuti lipange zipatso zake. Wosanjikiza ngati mwala, miyala kapena miyala yakukulika imathiridwa pansi pa thankiyo. Dothi lodzala limapangidwa ndi dothi louma komanso dothi, peat, mchenga, dothi labwino komanso dothi lamasamba. Pambuyo kumuika, pachistachis ayenera kuthiriridwa madzi.
Kudulira. Pachistachis amakula pang'onopang'ono, koma kudulira nthawi zonse mphukira kumamupindulitsa. Izi ndizofunikira chifukwa tchire laling'ono lomwe limaphuka kwambiri nthawi zambiri. Chapakatikati, zimayambira zimadulidwa, kuchotsa mpaka 12 cm. Pam nsonga pa njira zonse zimatsina, chifukwa ndi malekezero a nthambi pomwe inflorescence imapangidwa.
Kukonzanso. Pang'onopang'ono, zimayambira pansipa zimakhala zopanda kanthu ndipo chitsamba chimataya kukongoletsa kwake. Chomera chakale chimasinthidwa ndi achinyamata odulidwa. Mutha kudula zimayambira, kusiya zokhazo zazing'ono pafupi ndi nthaka. Kenako impso zakugona zidzawatulukira.
Mavuto omwe angakhalepo
Pachistachis amalimbana ndi matenda obzala komanso tizirombo tambiri. Tizilomboti timaukira tchire lomwe limayenda mumsewu. Choopsa china ndi kutentha kwambiri ndi mpweya wouma. Nthawi zambiri, mealybugs, tizilombo tating'onoting'ono ndi nthata za akangaude zimakhazikika pamasamba. Amachotsedwa ndikusamba mbewu pamoto wambiri (mpaka 45 ° C) ndikumapopera mankhwala ndi tizirombo. Tizilombo zazikulu timakololedwa ndi dzanja.
Ndi mawonekedwe ake, pachistachis amatha kuwonetsa zolakwika posamalira:
- masamba obiriwira otsika amagwa - mbewuyo idawululidwa;
- malekezero a masamba amapindika ndi kuwuma - mpweya ndi wouma kwambiri;
- zimayambira zimatambasulidwa ndikuwululidwa - palibe kuyatsa kokwanira, makamaka nthawi yozizira ikakhala yotentha;
- Masamba owala ndi mawanga a bulauni - kuwala kowala kwambiri, kuyatsidwa ndi dzuwa.
Kugwiritsa ntchito Pachistachis
Tchire tambiri, tambiri, tating'ono, timalimba kwambiri. Amabzala m'miphika yaying'ono ndi maluwa akuluakulu. M'chilimwe, maluwa amenewa amatha kukongoletsa makonde ndi ma verandas. Zodulidwa mizu pakati pa Epulo amatengedwa kuti akalimbikitse msewu, ndipo mu Meyi amabzalidwa poyera. M'madera akumwera, mmera umakhala wabwino m'munda pachaka chonse. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mabedi a maluwa owala, azikongoletsa malire kapena akayala otsika. Pakatikati pa Russia pakugwa, mbewu zidzafa chifukwa cha kuzizira ngati sizinakumba ndikubweretsa chipinda.
