Chichewa: momwe mungakonzekere bwino ndikubzala mbande pansi

Leek ndi chomera chodabwitsa chomwe chili ndi katundu wambiri wopindulitsa. Pokhudzana ndi zodabwitsa za kakulidwe kake, chikhalidwe ichi nthawi zambiri chimakula kudzera mbande.

Kukonzekera Mbewu

Kuti mupeze mbande zapamwamba komanso zathanzi, muyenera kuzolowera malamulo okonzekera mbewu ndi zofunikira zofunika posamalira mphukira zazing'ono.

Kukonzekeretsa mbewu yofesa

1. Chizindikiro. Ikani njere pamoto (+48^zaC - +50^zaC) kuthirira kwa mphindi 15-20, kenako kwa mphindi 1-2 kuzizira. Ndiye chotsani ndikuwuma.
2. Kumera. Pansi pa mbale, ikani chidutswa cha nsalu yokhazikika (thonje kapena matting ndi yabwino), ikani mbewu pamenepo ndikuphimba ndi chidutswa chachiwiri cha nsalu yofanana ndi yonyowa. Ikani chovalacho pamalo otentha kwa masiku awiri. Panthawi imeneyi, nsaluyi imayenera kukhala yonyowa.

Kuti mbewu za leek ziphukire bwino, ndikofunika kuti zimaphuke musanafese

Kubzala mbewu panthaka

M'pofunika kuti mukule mbande za leek mu zofunikira. Miphika ya peat kapena makaseti okhala ndi voliyumu ya 100-150 ml ndi kuya kosachepera 10 cm ali oyenererana ndiichi, popeza mizu ya leek imafunikira malo ambiri. Ngati mukufuna kugwiritsa ntchito thanki wamba, iyenera kukhala yakuzama chimodzimodzi.

1. Pangani mabowo mumtsuko ndikutsanulira wosanjikiza (1-1,5 cm) wa zonyowa (miyala yabwino ikachita).
2. Dzazani ndi dothi. Kuti mukonzekere, sakanizani magawo ofanana turf, humus ndi peat, onjezani magawo 0,5 amchenga, kenako moisten.
3. Konzani zofufumitsa:
   1. Mumiphika, pangani mabowo 1-1,5 cm kuya.
   2. Mu bokosi wamba, pangani ma grooves 1-1,5 masentimita mwakuya kwa 5cm kuchokera kwa wina ndi mnzake.
4. Ikani njere pansi:
   1. Bzalani mbeu 1-2 mu 1 bwino.
   2. Bzalani mbewuzo m'minda yamtunda wamtali wa masentimita 5-7 kuchokera pa wina ndi mnzake. Pamalo 1, mutha kuyikanso mbewu 1-2.
5. Finyani nyembazo ndi dothi lowuma kapena mchenga wokhala ndi makulidwe a 0.5 cm.
6. Phimbani mbewu ndi filimu kapena thumba la pulasitiki ndikuyika ofunda (+22^zaC - +25^zaC) malo okhala ndi kuyatsa kwapakati.

Kuonetsetsa kuti mbewu zabwino zili bwino, mabokosi amatha kuphimbidwa ndi zojambulazo

Monga lamulo, mphukira yoyamba imawonekera patatha masiku 7-10 mutabzala. Izi zikangochitika, chotsani kanemayo ndikuyika zotengera pamalo owala. Kuti pambuyo pake mbewuyo isalowe muvi, imayenera kuyang'anira kutentha. Nthambi zowononga ziyenera kusungidwa pa +15 kwa sabata limodzi^zaC - +17^zaC masana ndi +10^zaC - +12^zaC usiku, kenako kutentha kwa +17^zaC - +20^zaWodala ndi +10^zaC - +14^zaKuyambira usiku mpaka kubzala mbande pansi.

Kusamalira Mbewu

Kuphatikiza pa kuyang'anira nyengo yotentha, palinso malamulo ena okhudza kulima mbande za leek.

Pothirira, tikulimbikitsidwa kugwiritsa ntchito madzi ofewa okha - kusungunuka, kuwiritsa, kugwa mvula kapena kukhazikika kwa tsiku limodzi.

• Kuwala Masana masana ayenera kukhala maola 10-12, ngati ndi kotheka, yatsani mbande ndi nyali ya fluorescent yoyikiratu mtunda wa masentimita 50. Kuphatikiza apo, yesetsani kuyimitsa mbande padzuwa mwachindunji.
• Kuthirira. Kuthilira moyenera, kuyesa kuthirira mbande pansi pa muzu (pa chifukwa ichi mutha kugwiritsa ntchito supuni kapena syringe). Komanso, mutathirira aliyense, mumasuleni pansi pang'onopang'ono kuti musawonongeke.
• Osasokoneza. Chepetsa mbande pafupipafupi kuti kutalika kwake kusapitirire 8-10 cm.
• Mavalidwe apamwamba. Dyetsani leek milungu iwiri iliyonse ndi kusakaniza: ammonium nitrate (2 g) + potaziyamu mankhwala ena (2 g) + superphosphate (4 g) + madzi (1 l).
• Woponya. Ngati munabzala mbeu ziwiri pa bowo, ndiye kuti mphukira zikakula pang'ono, chotsani chofowoka.
• Sankhani Ngati munabzala nthanga mu bokosi limodzi ndikudula kuti ukhale wonenepa, ndiye kuti mukuyenera kutola, pomwe mbewuzo zitakhala ndi masamba enieni awiri.
  • Konzani zotengera zokhala ndi kuchuluka kwa 100-150 ml, pangani mabowo okukamo ndipo mudzaze ndi dothi (mutha kutenga osakaniza omwewo).
  • Mangamize nthaka m'nthaka ndi mbande.
  • Chotsani chophukacho mosamala pamodzi ndi mtanda wapansi.
  • Pangani dzenje mumphika, kukula kwake komwe kumagwirizana ndi mtanda wanthaka, ndikuyika mphukira momwemo.
  • Nyowetsani nthaka.

Kuti leek ikule bwino, iyenera kukonzedwa munthawi yake

Mosiyana ndi masamba, mizu ya leek imafunikira kutentha, motero ndikofunika kuyikanso ziwiyazo papepala la polystyrene kapena louma.

Sankhani leek (kanema)

Thirani mu nthaka

Ndikulimbikitsidwa kubzala leek palibe kale kuposa m'ma Meyi, kutentha ndikadzakhazikika. Sabata imodzi musanabzale, muyenera kuyamba kuumitsa mbande. Kuti muchite izi, tengani mapoto panja panja kwa maola 3-4, pang'onopang'ono kuwonjezera nthawi. M'masiku awiri omaliza, mbande zitha kusiyidwa mumsewu usiku wonse.

Kukonzekera kwa tsamba

Muyenera kuyamba kukonzekeretsa mundawo m'dzinja. Kwa ma leek, malo omwe ali pamalo otseguka okhala ndi dothi labwino (loamy kapena sandy loamy nthaka) ndioyenera, ndipo pansi panthaka pamakhala pakuya mamita 1.5 kuchokera pansi. Ngati malo osankhidwawo ali ndi dothi lambiri (mawonekedwe ake ndi chopepuka, malo owerengeka kapena mahatchi, ndi madzi osalala mumayimbidwe), patadutsa masiku 7-10 asanakonzekere kwenikweni iyenera kukhala yotseka ndi laimu (250-300 g / m²) kapena ufa wa dolomite (300-400 g / m²).

Mukabzala leki, kumalimbikitsidwanso kulingalira malamulo azisinthasintha wa mbeu. Zoyambilira zabwino za mbewuyi ndi nyemba, mbali (mpiru, mphodza, nyemba), mbatata zoyambirira, kabichi yoyera ndi tomato. Sichabwino kubzala leek pomwe patadutsa zaka 4 mbewu zamtundu usanakhazikike.

Ngati simukufunika kuyaza dothi, kenako pitilizani kukonza kwake powonjezera kompositi kapena humus (6-8 kg / m²), nitrofosku (10-15 g / m²) ndi urea (5 g / m²).

Kukumba chiwembu mu kasupe ndikupanga kama. Wamaluwa amati udzu winawake umamera bwino pabedi lopapatiza (bedi lotere limakhala ndi mulifupi wa 0.7 - 0,9 m ndipo mulifupi kwambiri kanjira), koma mutha kuchita monga mwa masiku onse. Mukapanga bedi, masiku 3-5 musanadzalemo mbande kuwaza humus kapena kompositi pamtunda (3 kg / m²) popanda kukumba.

Panthawi yodzala, mbewu za leek ziyenera kukhala zosachepera masabata 6-8.

Kubzala mbande

Ndikwabwino kubzala leek nyengo yamvula, ndipo ngati kunja kwatentha, ndiye kumadzulo. Ndondomeko ndi motere:

1. Sinthani pansi ndi peyala.
2. Chitani:
3. mabowo okhala ndi kuya kwa masentimita 10-15 mtunda wa 15-20 cm kuchokera pa wina ndi mnzake ndi 30-35 masentimita pakati pa mizere (chiwembu chokhala ndi mizere iwiri);
4. mabowo 10-15 masentimita akuya kwakutali kwa 10-15 masentimita kuchokera kwa wina ndi mzake ndi 20-30 masentimita pakati pa mizere (mawonekedwe angapo mzere);
5. ma geno akuya masentimita 10-15 kutalika kwa 25-30 cm kuchokera kwa wina ndi mzake ndi 40 cm pakati pa mizere.
6. Ikani zikumera m'mipando, kudula 1/3 ya mizu ndi masamba. Ngati mwakonza mbande m'miphika za peat, ndiye kuti mudzala nawo, osakhudza chilichonse.
7. Finyani ndi nthaka osakulitsa kukula kwa malo (pomwe tsinde limang'ambika masamba).
8. Nyowetsani dothi kuti pasakhale mpweya womwe umazungulira mizu.

Ma leki abzalidwe m'maenje m'njira zingapo

Anthu oyandikana nawo abwino a leek ndi kaloti, phwetekere, sitiroberi ndi kabichi.

Kubzala mbande za leek pansi (kanema)

Magawo am'madera okonzekera mmera

Ngati mukukhala m'dera lozizira ndipo mwasankha kubzala loek m'dera lanu, kumbukirani kuti muyenera kumera kokha kudzera mu mbande. Muyenera kuyamba kuphika kumayambiriro. Izi ndichifukwa choti ma leki amakhala ndi nyengo yayitali yokula: amafunika miyezi isanu ndi umodzi kuti akule ndikukula.

Monga mukuwonera, kukonzekera ndi kubzala mbande zamalonda sikovuta, ndipo ngakhale oyamba kumene atha kuthana ndi nkhaniyi. Bzalani mbeu yake munthawi yake, gwiritsani ntchito chisamaliro chofunikira cha mbewu, zibzalani moyenera, ndipo mudzapeza chomera chathanzi ndikudzipatsa nokha zokolola zabwino.