Bobovnik ndi mtengo wosankha wochokera ku banja la a Legume. Dziko lakwawo ndi Central Europe ndi Mediterranean. Chifukwa cha akatswiri opanga botolo ndi malo opanga maonekedwe, lero dera la chomera lakula kwambiri. Mitundu yolimbidwa nthawi zina imatchedwa "nyemba zamaluwa", koma ili ndi dzina wamba, osati mitundu inayake. Buluvnik limakopeka ndi mitengo yowuma ya golide yomwe imaphukira pamodzi ndi masamba ndikufanana ndi kuwala kwa dzuwa kapena mitsitsi ya golide yolowera munthambi. M'mayiko osiyanasiyana, misewu yonse ya nyemba zimapezeka m'mapaki amizinda. Mutha kulimanso mbewu yotere m'munda mwanu ngati mumatsatira malamulo a chisamaliro.
Kufotokozera kwamasamba
Bobovnik (laburnum) ndi mtengo wosatha kapena chitsamba chotumphukira mpaka 7 7. Mphukira zokhala ndi masamba zimakutidwa ndi makungwa a bulauni owala. Nthawi zambiri, mtengo umakhala ndi mitengo ingapo. Chisoti chachiwonetsero chimakhala ndi nthambi zolira. Udzu umayamba kutulutsa masamba kuchokera kumayambilidwe oderapo pang'ono kumayambiriro kwa Epulo. Nthambi zophimbidwa mwachangu ndi masamba obiriwira atatu. Kuyambira pansipa, masamba amaphimbidwa ndi mulu wosowa. Pofika pakati pa chilimwe, mitundu ya masamba imayamba kuda kwambiri. Zikhalapo peteti lalitali, lowongoka. Pulogalamu yokhala ndi chowulungika chili ndi m'mbali yabwino komanso chomaliza. Kutalika kwake ndi 15-25 cm.
Pakati pa Meyi, maluwa owondana ndi maluwa amatulutsa maluwa okwanira masentimita 20-50. Pomera maluwa, mtengo wa nyemba umakhala ndi fungo labwino kwambiri ndipo ndi chomera chabwino kwambiri cha uchi. Maluwa ndi ochulukirapo. Maluwa achikasu okhala ndi mawonekedwe a banja la Nyemba amafanana ndi njenjete. Mbale zam'munsi zimangokhala mulomo wokhazikika. Pamwambapo adakulungidwa pamtunda umodzi wamtambo wokhala ndi zofiyira kumunsi. Maluwa amatenga masiku 14-20 okha.
Pambuyo pakuchavulira, nyemba zofiirira zomwe zimakhala ndi silky pubescence zipse. Kutalika kwa nyemba ndi pafupifupi masentimita 8. Mkati mwake muli nthangala zosanja ndi kutalika kwa 3 mm zokha. Mutaganiza zokhala ndi zokongoletsa pamalopo, muyenera kukumbukira kuti ndi chakupha. Kuchuluka kwa poizoni kumapezeka mu zipatso.
Nyemba za Mitengo
Mitundu ya nyemba ndi yaying'ono kwambiri, imangokhala ndi mitundu iwiri yokha, 1 hybrid ndi mitundu ingapo.
Anobiolacea bobovnik. Amatchedwanso "mvula ya golide." Mtengo wokhala ndi mitengo yambiri kapena chitsamba chokulirapo umakula mpaka kutalika mamita 6. Maluwa amayambira mu Meyi ndipo umatha pafupifupi mwezi. Ma inflorescence achikasu osapitirira masentimita 30. Mitundu imatha kupirira chisanu mpaka -20 ° C.
Bobovnik alpine. Mtengo wokhala ndi korona kufalikira, oblong amakula mpaka 12 m kutalika. Thunthu ndi nthambi zakale zimapezeka mwachindunji, ndipo m'mphepete mwa mphukira droop. Madambo achikasu atali (30-45 cm) amatsegulidwa kumapeto kwa Meyi. Chomera chimakhala kumwera kwa Europe, chifukwa chake, nyengo yotentha, malekezero a nthambi amatha kuzizira. Nthawi yomweyo, mbewu imatha kupirira kutentha mpaka -25 ° C. Mitundu yokongoletsa:
- Pendula - ali ndi mphukira wautali;
- Aurea - kasupe, masamba achichepere amataya ndi ma golide agolide, koma pang'onopang'ono amakhala wobiriwira wowala;
- Quercifolia - masamba ali ndi mawonekedwe osatira potengera chitsanzo cha thundu;
- Automnale - kuphatikiza maluwa omwe amakhala ngati masika, "mvula yagolide" imawonekera mu Seputembala.
Voberera Bobovnik (wosakanizidwa). Mbewuyi idapezeka podutsa mitundu iwiri yayikulu. Mtengo waufupi kapena chitsamba chachikulu ndi chokulirapo mita 1-3. Mphukira zachikale zolondola zimatha ndikutuluka. Nthambi zimaphimba petioles mpaka 50c. Pakatuluka, imakhala ndi fungo lamphamvu kwambiri. Mitunduyi imakonda chisanu, chifukwa chake imalimidwa kumwera kwa dzikolo.
Njira zolerera
Bobovnik ofalitsidwa ndi mbewu ndi michere njira. Mbewu zimagwira ntchito mpaka zaka zitatu, koma ndibwino kuzifesa nthawi yomweyo. Mbewu popanda kukonzekera kapena pambuyo pang'onopang'ono zifesedwa panthaka yachonde. Mbewu zitha kuchitidwa m'dzinja kapena koyambirira kwamasika, itangoyamba kumene. Mbande zimapangidwa bwino ndipo sizifunika chisamaliro chapadera. Zomera zazikulu zimakumbidwa mosamala ndi mtanda waukulu wapadziko lapansi ndikuziika kumalo okhazikika. Udzu wamaluwa wobzalidwa kuchokera kumbewu umayamba zaka 4-5.
Kufalikira kwa masamba kafadala sikukuyenda bwino. Njirayi imakondedwa ndi mitundu yanthete, chifukwa imakupatsani mwayi wosiyananso. Njira zotsatirazi zoberekera zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito:
- Kudula. Mphukira zazing'ono zobiriwira zimadulidwa mu Julayi-August. Amazika dothi lotayirira pang'ono. Kudula kuyenera kuthiriridwa ndi chisamaliro ndikuphimba ndi kapu mpaka mizu itayamba. M'chaka choyamba cha moyo, mbande zotere zimafunikira nyumba yowonjezera yozizira.
- Katemera. Zosiyanasiyana akadulidwa inocated pa nyama katundu. Katemera amapezeka pafupifupi pansi.
- Kuyika. Mphukira wapansi umakankhidwira pansi ndikufundidwa ndi dothi. Ndikofunika kupaka zingwe zingapo ku khungwa pamalo opangira mizu. Pakatha mwezi umodzi, mphukira imadulidwa ndikubzala payokha.
Malamulo okhathamira ndi chisamaliro
Kwa wozikonda wokonda kutentha, ndibwino kusankha malo otseguka dzuwa. Amakula nthawi zambiri m mderalo. Dzenjelo liyenera kukhala lalikulu. Pansi pake, ndikulimbikitsidwa kuthira dothi lakuda. Kwambiri kumera mmera sikuyenera. Kotero kuti mphukira zazing'ono zosasunthika sizimatsikira mbali zosiyanasiyana, zimamangidwa ndi ndodo yolimba.
Kubzala dothi kuyenera kuthiridwa bwino komanso kukhala ndi thanzi. Dothi lamchere la alkaline lokhala ndi laimu limakonda. Zomera sizilekerera nthaka ndikuthamanga kwamadzi. Kuti dziko lapansi lisatengedwe ndi kutumphuka mutathirira, nthaka yake imakwiririka ndi peat ndi moss.
Kuthirira mtengo wa nyemba ndikofunikira pokhapokha nthawi yayitali. Chomera chimapirira chilala bwino kuposa kuthirira kwambiri. Madzi ambiri omwe amafunikira nthawi ya maluwa.
Kupereka mtengowo pazofunikira pofufuza nthawi yakukonzekera kukuthandizani kuphatikiza umuna. Feteleza zachilengedwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri. Masika aliwonse, dothi limayatsidwa ndi kompositi. Nthawi zingapo pamnyengo, yankho la mullein limatsanulidwa pansi pazu.
Kudulira mtengo wa nyemba ndikosowa. Mphukira zake zoyenda popanda kulowerera kwaumunthu zimatenga mawonekedwe okongola. Chapakatikati, mutha kuchotsa mbali zina za nthambi, kuphatikizapo mphukira zachisanu. Muyenera kuchita izi mosamala, apo ayi laburnum ikhoza kudwala. Pambuyo maluwa, nyemba zimachotsedwa nthawi zonse ngati zingatheke. Izi zimawonjezera kukopa kwa chomera ndikulepheretsa kudziphukira.
Nthambi zambiri za nyemba zikuyenda. M'nyengo yozizira, chipale chambiri chimatha kudzikundikira. Pakulemera motero, nthambi zimasweka mosavuta. Kuti mupewe izi, gawo lina lophimba la chipale chofewa lomwe limayikidwa panthambi limagwedezeka kapena kuchotsedwa munjira ina.
Pakakhala nyengo yonyowa komanso chinyezi pafupipafupi pamtengo, mtengo wa nyemba umakhudzidwa ndi Powawa. Matendawa amatsimikiziridwa ndi kuyanika kwamaso pachimtengo ndi nthambi. Ngati zizindikilo zotere zikapezeka, ayenera kuchitapo kanthu kuti asungidwe, komanso kuchitira mankhwalawa. Chifukwa cha kuopsa kwake, chakumwacho sichikhudzidwa ndi tizirombo.
Gwiritsani ntchito
Bobovnik ndiwokongoletsa bwino kwambiri m'mundamu. Mitengo payokha imabzalidwa paliponse ngati njenjete. Gazebo yomwe ili pansi pa korona wotambalala imatha kukhala malo opumira komanso opuma. Mitundu ina imakhala ndi mphukira zofanana ndi mipesa. Amatha kuwongolera limodzi ndi chipilala kapena thandizo lina, ndikupanga chozizwitsa kapena poyenda.
Robedendron, hawthorn, wisteria, kapena scoopia atha kukhala oyandikana ndi omwe amabzala nyemba. Ma inflorescence owala ndi ma grores onunkhira amawonekeranso bwino motsutsana ndi maziko a conifers okhala ndi masamba obiriwira obiriwira kapena obiriwira.
