Gilocereus ndi wopanga modabwitsa wa banja la a Cactus, amene moyenerera amayenera kulandira ulemu kwa mfumu pakati pa cacti. Maluwa ake amafanana ndi nduwira zoyera ngati chipale chofewa ndipo limakhala ndi fungo labwino usiku. Dera lokhalamo mbewuzi ndi Central America, koma limakhala bwino m'malo otentha komanso akumayiko ena.
Makhalidwe a botanical
Hilocereus cactus ndi chomera chachikulu chomwe chimapanga chitsamba chokulira mpaka 2 m. Mapiko ake a mtengowo ndiwotalika (kutalika kwa 7 masentimita) komanso amtundu, amakutidwa ndi khungu lozungulira komanso utoto wakuda. Nthawi zambiri tsinde limakhala ndi kagawo kopambana ndi mawonekedwe. Akuwombera mwamphamvu mbali zopingasa komanso zopingasa. Kutalika kwa tsindeyo kumatha kufika mamita 3. Mu ma infode, mizu ya mpweya wa filatilamu imapangidwa, yomwe imalandira kulandira michere kuchokera kumlengalenga, komanso kuphatikiza pa chithandizo. Magwiridwe a spines a m'mimba mwake ndi 10mm. Zingwe zambiri ndizofewa kapena pang'ono lakuthwa. Pali mitundu yopanda singano.
Ali ndi zaka 2-4, ulecereus amatha ndipo amatulutsa maluwa mokwanira. Maluwa ofera oyera, ofiirira kapena amiyala amakhala kumapeto kwa tsinde ndipo amatseguka usiku. Pofika m'mawa, masamba akuluakulu (10-30, ndipo nthawi zina masentimita 40) amapinda zolimba zawo. Pakatikati pa duwa limakutidwa ndi chikasu chachikasu. Mtengowo umavomerezedwa ndi tizilombo tosiyanasiyana, pambuyo pake umapatsa zipatso zonunkhira - pitahaya.
Kukula kwa chipatso kumasiyananso ndi kukula kwa kiwi mpaka kapangidwe kakang'ono. Chipatso chilichonse chimakhala ndi khungu la pinki kapena lofiirira lokhala ndi zofewa. Pansi pake pali chigamba chokoma kwambiri, chokoma. Kuguza kumatha kukhala utoto woyera kapena wapinki. Mbewu zazing'ono zakuda zimapezeka mwana wosabadwa aliyense. Moyenera, amathacereus amatha kuphukira ndi kubereka zipatso mpaka kanayi pachaka.
Zosiyanasiyana
M'mitundu ya mtunducereus, muli mitundu 25. Zonsezi ndizoyenera kulima komanso kubzala kunyumba. Tiyeni tikhale pamitundu yosangalatsa kwambiri.
Hilocereus wa ku Costa Rican. Imakhala ndi masamba oyimilira, kumapeto kwake komwe kumakhala maluwa akuluakulu. Mtundu wa pamakhala ndi loyera ndi malire. Pambuyo kupukutira, ovoid pitahaya amakula. Tsitsi lake ndi lofiirira, ndipo mnofu ndi wofiyira. Mitunduyi imapezeka ku Peru, Costa Rica ndi Nicaragua.
Hilocereus wopapatiza-wamapiko. Amakhala ngati tchire laling'ono, m'mimba mwake ndi kutalika kwake osapitirira masentimita 15. Zovala zowoneka bwino zimapakidwa utoto wamtambo, maluwa ofiirira omwe amakhala ndi chubu chochepa amapangidwa kumapeto kwawo. Zipatso zowola ndi mainchesi 7. cm zake ndizofala ku Costa Rica.
Hilocereus wavy. Mtunduwu umasiyanitsidwa ndi kutalika kwambiri (mpaka 5 m) ndi zimayambira. Mbali zam'mphepete mwake zimakutidwa ndi zingano za singano zolimba koma zazifupi. Pakutha maluwa, maluwa oyera masana oyera amapangika ndi mainchesi mpaka 27. Chipatso chachikulu chamtundu wokutidwa ndi khungu lofiira ndipo chimakhala ndi mnofu woyera wokhala ndi njere zakuda.
Munda wa Hilocereus. Chomera chimakhala chamtambo, chomalizira ndipo chimakhala chamtali wa mamita 2. Nkhope zake zimaphimba mitolo ya singano zofewa zachikaso. Maluwa akulu (mpaka 30 cm) ali utoto yoyera ndipo amakhala ndi mikwingwirima yobiriwira. Mu zipatso za pinki, mnofu ndi wachikasu kapena pichesi mtundu wake.
Hilocereus. Mtengowo uli ndi phesi lokwawa lomwe lili ndi mbali zitatu zolunjika. Pamwamba pa mapesiwo papakidwa utoto wonyezimira komanso wokutidwa ndi singano zachikasu ndi zofiirira. Maluwa ndi akulu, oyera mbu.
Hilocereus Ocampus. Mtundu wamba ku Guatemala ndi Mexico womwe uli wofanana ndi mpesa. Maluwa ake obiriwira obiriwira amakhala ndi mainchesi mpaka 6cm kutalika kwa mamilimita awiri ndi awiri ndi awiri. Mitundu yofiirira kapena yachikasu imakhala ndi fungo labwino.
Hilocereus patatu. Kugawidwa ku Jamaica, Cuba ndi Haiti. Mtengowo uli ndi zopindika zowonda kwambiri, ngati liana, zopaka utoto wobiriwira. Tsinde lili ndi mbali zitatu zakuthwa, zokutidwa ndi singano zosowa. Kutalika konse kwa mphukira pali mizu yambiri ya mlengalenga. Malekezero a mapesiwo amaphimbidwa ndi maluwa oyera oyera ngati chipale chofikira mpaka 20 cm. Zipatsozo ndi mabulosi ofiira ozungulira, mpaka 5 cm.
Kubalana kwa Hylocereus
Pofalitsa mbewu za thececereus, nthanga zokhwima, zosapsa zaka 2 zimagwiritsidwa ntchito. Kubzala, chisakanizo cha magawo ofanana amchenga ndi pepala loyenera. Kutsata pepala kapena dongo lokulitsidwa lakhazikitsidwa pansi pa chidebe. Nthaka imapangidwa bwino ndipo mbewuzo zimakuya ndi masentimita 1-1.5. Chotetezedwa ndi filimu chimasiyidwa m'chipinda chowala ndi kutentha kwa pafupifupi + 20 ° C. Mphukira yoyamba imawonekera m'masiku 15-25.
Ndi zomeretsa, gawo la tsinde limagwiritsidwa ntchito. Imasiyidwa mu mpweya watsopano masiku awiri kuti ayume. Zodulidwa zimabzalidwa mu dothi lamchenga ndipo zimayikidwa m'malo otetezeka. Pakatha mwezi umodzi, pamene mizu ikuchitika, nthawi zonse muzimuwaza mphukira ndikuwonjezera madzi poto. Pambuyo pakuwonekera kwa mizu yawo, ma hylocereus amangozolowera dzuwa lowala.
Malamulo Osamalira
Hilocereus safuna chisamaliro mosamala kunyumba. Amakonda magawo okhala ndi chonde. Ndizotheka kugula zosakaniza zopangidwa ndi cacti. Chomera chimafuna zochuluka, chifukwa mizu yake imapangidwa bwino. M'madera momwe mulibe chisanu, mutha kudzala pang'onopang'ono panthaka. Amakonda nyengo yotentha, koma amatha kupirira kuzizira mpaka 0 ° C.
Podzala chomera chachikulire, sankhani malo ofunda, dzuwa kapena pang'ono pang'onopang'ono. Ndikofunika kubzala cactus pafupi ndi thandizo lomwe limatha kukwawa.
Hilocereus nthawi zambiri samamwetsa madzi, nthawi zonse kuyanika dongo pakati pa kuthirira. Nthawi yozizira, dothi limathirira kamodzi pa sabata, ndipo nthawi yozizira imapuma kwa mwezi umodzi. Kupereka nthawi yopumira, mutha kukwaniritsa maluwa ambiri.
Mavuto omwe angakhalepo
Hilocereus amakana bwino matenda ndi tizirombo. Vuto lokhalo lingakhale lokhudzana ndi chisamaliro chosayenera. Ndi chinyezi chokhala ndi mizu kapena madzi kulowa, zimayambira, zowola zomwe zitha kuwononga mbewu yonse. Zinthu zimakulirakulira ndi kutentha pang'ono kwa mpweya.
Mukatentha, mpweya wouma kwambiri ungapangitse kukunikizani kwa kangaude kapena mealybug. Kupopera mankhwala pafupipafupi kapena mankhwala ophera tizilombo kumathandiza.
Gwiritsani ntchito
Kufalikira zokulira gilocereus ndi maluwa akuluakulu okhala ndi zokongoletsera zapamwamba. Ngati mutabzala cactus pafupi ndi mpanda wamundawo kapena khonde, imazungulira pang'onopang'ono padziko lonse lapansi, ndipo nthawi yophukira idzakongoletsa mundawo ndi maluwa onunkhira usiku.
Hilocereus amadziwika chifukwa cha kulimba kwawo, chifukwa chake nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati katundu pamaulamu ena ndi ma epiphytes.
Zaka zaposachedwa, nkhadzeyi idakulitsidwa chifukwa cha zipatso zokoma. Pitahaya, yomwe idadziwika ngakhale ku Maya, idayiwalika kwazaka zambiri. Komabe, m'zaka makumi angapo zapitazi, zipatso onunkhira ndizofunikira kwambiri. Chochita chake chimakhala chofunikira chifukwa cha Vitamini ndi antioxidant. Zipatso zimadyedwa monga mbale yodziyimira payokha, komanso yogwiritsidwa ntchito monga zokometsera za nyama zophikira ndi makeke. Muthanso kumwa zakumwa za pitahaya, kuphatikizapo mowa wamphamvu.
