Momwe mungakulire nkhaka mu barre: kubzala, kusamalira, kukolola

Pakuti kukula masamba wamaluwa amagwiritsa ntchito zosiyanasiyana agrotechnical njira. Anthu okhala pakhomo ndi nyumba zazing'ono zinayamba kukula masamba ndi zitsamba m'mitsuko yambiri.

Kulima nkhaka mu mbiya wakhala njira yodalirika komanso yotchuka.

Zamkatimu:

• Kusankha malo
• Kusankhidwa kwachisankho
• Kukonzekera kwa dothi
• Mbeu ndi ziti?
• Kodi zimabzalidwa bwanji
• Chisamaliro
• Masamba achikasu
• Ovary wamng'ono
• Momwe mungasonkhanitsire

Ubwino

Kukula nkhaka mu mbiya kuli ndi ubwino wambiri pazomwe zimalephereka kubzala pa mabedi:

• malo osungira;
• mbiya ikhoza kuikidwa pamalo aliwonse abwino, ngakhale pa malo otsetsereka kapena malo otetezedwa bwino;
• kupeza zokolola kale;
• Kusavuta kupanga bungwe ndi kusamalira;
• kumwa feteleza pang'ono;
• nkhaka zimakhala zoyera komanso zosavuta kusonkhanitsa;
• palibe chosowa cha kupalira;
• kubzala zochepetsedwa ndi tizirombo ndi dothi;
• Chomera ichi ndi chokongoletsa kwambiri, ngati ndi bwino kupenta ndi kupenta.

Phunzirani momwe mungakulire nkhaka mu ndowa, matumba, hydroponically, pawindo, mu khonde, mu mabotolo apulasitiki.

Kusankha malo

Malo ogwiritsira ntchito mbiya ndiyo yabwino kusankha dzuwa osati kuwombedwa ndi mphepo. Kumadera otentha kwambiri m'chilimwe, ndi bwino kuyika pafupi ndi mitengo, kuti panthawi ya kutentha padzakhala mthunzi wochepa womwe umateteza zamasamba ku dzuwa lotentha; komabe pamalo otere mungathe kumangiriza nthambizo ku nthambi.

Mukhoza kuyandikira gazebo kapena mpanda, ndiye mapesi amatha kulola gazebo (mpanda), womwe udzawoneka wokongola kwambiri.

Kusankhidwa kwachisankho

Monga chidebe cha njira iyi yobzala adzakhala zitsulo zothandiza, matabwa a pulasitiki kapena mapulasitiki okhala ndi mphamvu ya 100-200 malita. Zikanakhala bwino kukhala ndi chitsulo kapena matabwa a matabwa 200 malita popanda pansi kapena ndi mabowo ndi malo otsetsereka.

Mabomba akale amatha kukwaniritsa izi. Mu chidebe cha pulasitiki muyenera kupanga mabowo pofuna kumasulidwa kwa madzi owonjezera.

Phunzirani momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito chithandizo chambewu isanakwane, mukamadzala nkhaka pa mbande, mungabzala bwanji nkhaka mbande.

Kukonzekera kwa dothi

Konzani mbiya kuyamba masabata angapo musanadzalemo mbewu. Kuti muchite izi, ikani zigawo zotsatirazi:

1. Pansi pa ngalandeyi muike nthambi ndi miyala. Zosanjikizazi zingakhale kuyambira 1/3 mpaka 1/2 mwa mphamvu ya mbiya.
2. Hay, chaka chatha masamba otsala, nsonga, utuchi ndi zitsamba zina zomwe muli nazo zili pamtengo wapatali. Magawo a zinyalala ayenera kutsanuliridwa ndi dothi ndi humus (kapena manyowa ovunda), kuthirira ndi EM kukonzekera bwino kutentha kwambiri. Zosanjikizazi siziyenera kufika pamphepete mwa mbiya ndi masentimita 40.
3. Timaphimba nthaka yachonde ndi masentimita 20, kusakaniza munda ndi masamba ndi humus mu magawo ofanana. Mukhozanso kupangidwanso mchere wosakaniza 1: 1 wa peat ndi humus.

Kenaka ndi koyenera kuphimba mbiya ndi filimu pamwamba ndikupita kwa masabata angapo kutenthetsa dzuwa. Pambuyo pochotsa filimuyo, iyenera kudzaza nthaka yowonjezera, monga momwe kusakaniza kungathetsere. Kuyambira pamwamba pa nthaka mpaka kumbali ya mbiya ayenera kusiya 15-20 cm.

Njira yotere yokonzekera nthaka ikhoza kuchitidwa nthawi yayitali, ngakhale kugwa. Ndiye mukhoza kugwiritsa ntchito manyowa atsopano.

Phunzirani kodi makhalidwe a nkhaka kumbuyo, Cupid, Kibria, Emerald denga Ecole, kaso, Cedric, Libelle, merengue, Fontanelle, Siberia korona, Hector, Emerald ndolo, Crispin Taganay, chala, mpikisano, Zozulya, Nijinsky, German, Mtima.

Mbeu ndi ziti?

Popeza mbewu yam'mbuyo imatha kukula mu mbiya, ndibwino kuti musankhe mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya nkhaka zoyambirira ndi maluwa omwe amadziwika nawo. Mitengo yakucha yakubereka yomwe imabereka zipatso chisanu chisanakhale choyenera, chifukwa nthawi imene fruiting yawo idzadutsa nthawi yayitali - yoyamba yobirira nthaka mu mbiya sikungakhale yoopsa. Mavitamini ozizira okha kapena a parthenocarpic adzagwiranso ntchito bwino, ndiye kutenga mazira a m'mimba sikudzakhudzidwa ndi nyengo ya nyengo. Ndi bwino kugula mitundu yambiri yofanana kapena hybrids.

Mukhoza kusankha mitundu yambiri ya nkhaka:

1. "Murom 36" - Zosiyanasiyana zomwe zatsimikiziridwa komanso zatsimikiziridwa zomwe zimatha kukula mthunzi. Ndi oyenera salting, zipatso zipse pa 35-45 tsiku, kugonjetsedwa ndi chisanu. Zipatso zobiriwira zobiriwira zimakhala zozungulira ndipo sizitali kuposa masentimita 10. Zimayenera kukumbukira kuti zimakhala zotembenukira mwamsanga ndipo zimayenera kusonkhanitsidwa nthawi zambiri.
2. "Temp F1" - kumapereka gawo lopangidwa ndi mtundu wina wa maluwa, ndi zipatso zochepa (8-10 cm) za chilengedwe chonse. Zelentsy pakati chifuwa chokhala ndi mdima wobiriwira ndi kunyezimira kotalika mikwingwirima, yaying'ono m'mphepete, popanda kupsya mtima ndipo osatuluka. Mitundu yosiyanasiyana imalekerera nyengo yozizira ndi yamvula komanso kutentha (mpaka 50 ° C) ndipo imagonjetsedwa ndi matenda ambiri. Chokolola choyamba chikhoza kukololedwa masiku 43 kuchokera pakuphuka kwa mphukira.
3. "Connie F1" - chophatikizapo parthenocarpic hybrid ya maluwa maluwa ndi nthawi yayitali ya fruiting. Zipatso zapamwamba kukoma, kupsya mtima kwathunthu kulibe, musati mutseke, zipse pa 47-50 tsiku. Zing'onozing'ono (7-9 cm) amakhala ndi machubu oyera nthawi zambiri ndi malire abwino.
4. "Othello F1" - Mitundu yambiri yomwe imapatsa mitundu yambiri yam'mimba ndi njuchi yamitundu yosiyanasiyana yomwe imapezeka mungu ndi njuchi. Zelentsy yodzaza ndi zobiriwira ndi mikwingwirima yowala yaitali yomwe imafika pakati pa nkhaka, imafika masentimita 12. Ali ndi zikopa zazing'ono pakhungu loyera. Oyenera kusungirako. Mnofu ndi wokoma, wopanda mipando yopanda pake ndi ziphuphu. Okhwima pa masiku 41-45 kuchokera kumera.
5. "Phoenix" - Zipatso zam'mlengalenga zakutchire ndi zazikulu za maluwa aakazi, amphamvu, mungu wochokera ndi njuchi ndipo akhoza kubala chipatso mpaka chisanu. Zipatso za mtundu wobiriwira zimakhala ndi mikwingwirima yambiri yopota kotalika ndi ma tubercles aakulu ndi minga yoyera, yamtundu wambiri, osati wowawa. Malo oyamba a greenhouses ayambe masiku 55-65 pambuyo kumera.

Mukudziwa? Kulima nkhaka zolima kulima kunapezeka pafupifupi zaka 6,000 zapitazo. Zomera zatchulidwa m'Baibulo. Dziko la nkhaka limaonedwa kuti ndi phazi la mapiri a Himalaya. Zomerazi zikukula kumeneko m'chilengedwe.

Inde, iyi si mndandanda wathunthu wa mitundu yomwe ingasankhidwe kuti ikalidwe mu mbiya. Ngati muli ndi zovuta zowonongeka mofulumira kapena zapakati pa nthaka, mukhoza kubzala mbewu zake. Kuti mupeze zokolola zolimba mu mbiya, mukhoza kulima mofulumira komanso mochedwa mitundu.

Kodi zimabzalidwa bwanji

Kuyika mbewu za nkhaka mu mbiya ndi zophweka - palibe chifukwa chokweranso. Pofuna kubzala bwino nkhaka, zotsatirazi ziyenera kutengedwa:

1. Kubzala mbewu mu mbiya kumachitika kale kwambiri kuposa pansi, popeza mbiya ikhoza kuphimbidwa ndi zojambulazo.
2. Musanabzala, mbewu zimalimbikitsidwa kuti ziyike mu njira yothetsera mchere wamba (50 g pa madzi okwanira 1 litre) kuti tipewe mbewu zosakwanira zomwe sizikuyenera kubzala.
3. Kuwopsa kwa mbewu za nkhaka m'firiji kumawonjezera chisanu chawo. Kuti achite izi, amangiriridwa mu nsalu yonyowa, yomwe imaloledwa kupumphuka ndi kusungidwa kutentha kwa -2-0 ° C kwa masiku awiri, kenako nkufesedwa. Mbewu nthawi yomweyo sayenera kugwedezeka.
4. Nthaka mu mbiya isanayambe kubzala mankhwala opatsirana pogwiritsa ntchito madzi otentha kapena njira yochepa ya potassium permanganate.
5. Mbewu imabzalidwa patalika masentimita 15 kuchokera kwa wina ndi mzake, mpaka 2 cm masentimita. Kawirikawiri, mbeu zisanu ndi zitatu ndi zisanu ndi zitatu (8-8) zimaikidwa m'manda - zochepa kuposa zofunikira, chifukwa mbande zochuluka zimatha kuchotsedwa. Kwa mphamvu ya malita 200, zomera 4-5 zili zokwanira.
6. Phiri lodzaza ndi zojambulazo. Pa masiku ofunda dzuwa, izo ziyenera kutsegulidwa.

Phunzirani za kuwopsya ndi kulumikiza mbewu, momwe mungasamalire dothi, momwe mungasankhire chophimba.

Chisamaliro

Nkhaka ndi kusowa chinyezi. Mbewu zimenezi, zomwe zimabzalidwa mu mbiya, zimafuna kuthirira mobwerezabwereza, chifukwa mu nthakayi nthaka imatha mofulumira kwambiri kuchokera ku dzuwa. Choncho, kuthirira kumachitika katatu kapena kanayi masiku asanu ndi awiri.

Kuthirira kumatha kuchitidwa pamadzi ndi kuthirira kapena payipi, koma ndibwino kuti uchepetse ulimi wothirira. Kwa kuthirira nkhaka ayenera kutentha, kutetezedwa ndi dzuwa madzi.

Kuti nthaka ikhale yowuma ndi kusunga chinyezi nthawi yayitali, mutha kukwaniritsa. Pachifukwa ichi, ikhoza kuphimbidwa ndi udzu.

Ngakhale nthaka yochezeka ya masamba imagwiritsidwa ntchito kubzala mu mbiya, pokonzekera mbeuyi, muyenera kupanga feteleza. Pakukula ndi fruiting, nkhaka ndizofunikira kwambiri mchere ndi zinthu zothandiza kufufuza zinthu, mwinamwake kusowa kwawo kumadzetsa kuchepa kwa zokolola ndi kusintha kwa mawonekedwe a masamba.

Phunzirani momwe mungamwetse nkhaka mu greenhouses ndi kutsegula pansi, momwe mungaperekere, momwe mungadyetse nkhaka ndi ayodini, yisiti, peroxide, boric acid, nettle.

Video: Kusamalira ndi kudyetsa nkhaka mu mbiya Ndikofunika kuvala nthawi yomweyo maluwa asanafike, kuti chomera chikhale cholimba komanso pali masamba ambiri. Pa ichi, feteleza fetereza imagwiritsidwa ntchito ku nthaka.

Pa kuvala kotereku, kuchepetsa supuni imodzi ya urea mu chidebe cha madzi ndi madzi ndi njirayi.

Ndikofunikira! Ngati nthanga ya nkhaka yakula, imatanthauza kuti alibe nitrojeni yokwanira. Koma mawonekedwe a nkhaka, ofanana ndi peyala, akunena za kusowa kwa potaziyamu.

Pa nthawi ya mapangidwe a zipatso, nkofunika kuti muyambe kudya zakudya zamkati. Pochita izi, gwiritsani ntchito magulu oterowo monga nitrogen, potashi, phosphorous.

Ndi bwino kusinthana pakati pa mchere ndi zowonjezera zowonjezera kuchokera ku zigawozi. Yoyamba kudya, yankho limakonzedwa kuchokera ku nitrophoska ndi kuthirira motere - 1 lita imodzi pa chitsamba. Kwa chakudya chotsatira, feteleza amasankhidwa - 0,5 makilogalamu a nkhuku kapena manyowa a ng'ombe imayikidwa pa chidebe cha madzi, komanso galasi limodzi la phulusa la nkhuni. Pamene mukukonzekera feteleza kuchokera ku udzu, ziyenera kuwonetsedwanso nthawi zonse. Zowonjezera zowonjezera zakuda zimapangidwa ngati feteleza panthawi yopanga zipatso. Pachifukwa ichi, chidebecho chimadzala ndi namsongole, udzu wothira, kuwonjezera zitsamba za nkhuku, kenako nkudzaza madzi ndikuloledwa kupereka masiku 12. Chifukwa cha nayonso mphamvu yake, misa imapezeka, yomwe imakhala yopindulitsa kwambiri osati yovuta kuposa humus. Kuwonjezera pamenepo, ndi kwathunthu wokoma mtima feteleza, mosiyana ndi mankhwala.

Nkhaka, kuphatikizapo omwe amakula mu barre, amafunikira garter. Izi zimachitidwa osati mosavuta kuti azisamalidwa, komanso kutetezera ku matenda osiyanasiyana omwe angaperekedwe kudzera mu nthaka.

Njira yokhala yosavuta yogwiritsira ntchito imapangidwa ndi kukhazikitsa timitengo ta matabwa kapena chitsulo chamatabwa pafupifupi mamita awiri m'litali ndi mtanda kuchokera pamwamba pakati pa mbiya. Kenaka amapanga miyezi 5-8 ndikukonzekera zingwe kuti adziwepo.

Phunzirani momwe mungaperekere, kumangiriza, kumera pa galasi la trellis, chotsani masamba ku nkhaka.

Mliri wa nkhaka udzawombera pamtambo wotambasula, ndipo akafika pamwamba, amapanga ambulera mwakutsegula. Kuyika thandizo lapamwamba sikoyenera, chifukwa zingakhale zovuta kupeza nkhaka pa zokolola. Garter amapangidwa pamene masamba 4-5 oyambirira akuwonekera. Ndikofunika kwambiri mukamasamalira nkhaka kuti mupange chitsamba. Izi zikhoza kuchitika motere:

1. Mu tsinde limodzi. Njirayi ndi yofunika kuigwiritsa ntchito ku hybrids zomwe sizikufuna kuyendetsa mungu ndi njuchi. Pankhani iyi, mpaka asanu oyambirira masamba amachotsa kuchotsa maluwa, komanso ofananira nawo mphukira. Mu masamba asanu otsatirawa omwe amawoneka, mphukira ndizochotsedwa, ndipo mazira a m'mimba sakhudza. Koma pamtunda wa mamita muyenera kusiya masitepe angapo kuti mupange maulendo a mbali. Amapanga nsonga zowunikira, kusiya masamba 3-4. Potero kumalimbikitsa kukula kwa zida zachitatu.
2. Kustovoy. Mwa njira iyi, dulani nsonga pa tsinde lalikulu pambuyo pa masamba 5-6 enieni. Izi zimapangitsa maonekedwe a lateral lashes. Mphukirayi imathandizanso kudulira masamba asanu kuti apange zilonda zachitatu, zomwe zimapereka ovary ambiri. Chotsatira chake, chitsamba cha chisanu cha 10-12 chimachitika.

Ndikofunikira! Ngati nkhaka ili ndi mungu (izi ndizo mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zomera), sitimapanga imodzi mwa zomera zisanu. Amapereka mlingo woyenera wa maluwa wosabereka chifukwa chowombera mafuta.

Masamba achikasu

Mukamakulitsa nkhaka mukhoza kukhala ndi vuto: masamba amayamba kutembenukira chikasu pazifukwa zosadziwika. Izi zikhoza kukhala chifukwa cha zinthu zotsatirazi:

Phunzirani chifukwa chake mazira akuuma ndi kutembenukira chikasu, mazira, chochita ndi maluwa opanda kanthu, chifukwa nkhaka zimawawa.

1. Kupanda kuwala. Pankhaniyi, mbiya imasunthira ku malo owala kwambiri. Ngati nkhaka zakula kwambiri komanso mthunzi wa masamba ambiri, ndiye kuti bedi liyenera kuchepetsedwa.
2. Kupanda zakudya, makamaka nayitrogeni. Ngati kubzala dothi lokhala ndi zakudya zosakwanira kunasankhidwa, ndibwino kuti mupitirize kudyetsa.
3. Zofooka zothirira Kuperewera kwa chinyezi kumapangitsa kufooketsa kwa chomera ndi kuoneka kwa chikasu. Ndikofunika kuthetsa kuyanika kwa nkhaka. Kuti muchite izi, ndibwino kuti mukamwe madzi osachepera 2-3 pa sabata, kumasula ndi kuthira nthaka. Mukamwetsani muyenera kuonetsetsa kuti madzi sagwera masamba. Kutaya madzi mumdima wonyezimira kungagwire ntchito ngati prism ndipo kumawotcha pamasamba, zomwe zidzatulutsanso chikasu.
4. Kutentha kwa madontho. Nkhaka sizilekerera kuzizira ndi lakuthwa kuchepa mu kutentha. Mitengo iyi yokonda kutentha chifukwa cha chodabwitsa ichi chikhoza kuwoneka chikasu pa masamba.
5. Matenda ndi tizirombo. Pochotsa chifukwa ichi cha chikasu cha masamba, ndikofunikira kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ndi njira zomenyana nazo panthaŵi yake.

Phunzirani momwe mungachiritse nkhaka ku matenda, kuchotsa tizirombo.

Ovary wamng'ono

Ngati pali ovary pang'ono ndi maluwa ambiri opanda kanthu pa nkhaka, ndiye kuti mawonekedwe oterowo ali ndi zifukwa zotsatirazi:

• zinthu zosiyanasiyana. Mitundu yambiri ya maluwa osabereka - ili ndi maluwa amphongo omwe amawoneka oyambirira kusiyana ndi akazi. Maluwa amake adzapita kumbali yachiwiri ndi yachiwiri. Choncho, varietal nkhaka ayenera pinching kuti imathandizira ndi zikamera mbali mphukira;
• kuperewera kwa nayitrogeni ndi phosphorous. Pofuna kuthetsa vutoli, m'pofunikira kuchotsa feteleza ichi kudyetsa. Musaiwale za feteleza ndi phosphorus ndi potaziyamu;
• mbewu zochepa. Nkhumba zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito chaka choyamba chosungirako, kapena kuziwotcha musanafese. Ndi bwino kufesa mbewu pambuyo pa chaka chachiwiri cha kusungirako. Ngati mugwiritsa ntchito mbeu za hybrids, ndiye kuti sipadzakhala mavuto ndi ovary;
• nyengo. Kutentha kwambiri kapena, nyengo yozizira ndi yamvula si yabwino kuti tipeze mazira. Ngati dzuwa lili lolimba, mbiya ndi nkhaka imalimbikitsidwa kuti iike mthunzi wa padera. Kugwiritsira ntchito pollinating kapena parthenocarpic hybrids kudzakuthandizani kuti mukhale osagwirizana ndi nyengo ndi tizilombo todwalitsa.

Phunzirani momwe mungathandizire njira zamakono kuti muteteze nkhaka ku mavuto osiyanasiyana, momwe mungagwirire ndi nsabwe za m'masamba, midges, powdery mildew, peronsporosis, akangaude pa nkhaka.

Momwe mungasonkhanitsire

Nthawi yabwino kwambiri pakulima nkhaka - ndizokolola. Pamene nkhaka yosungunuka imabzala mu barre, palibe chifukwa chokotama. Ndi zophweka kukafika ku chitsamba ndi masamba awa kumbali iliyonse, ndipo nkhaka zimawoneka bwino.

Mukudziwa? Nkhaka ndi mankhwala otsika kwambiri omwe amapezeka mu zakudya zambiri. 95% imakhala ndi madzi, kotero makilogalamu imodzi ali ndi 150 kcal.

Mukakusonkhanitsa nkhaka, muyenera kutsatira malangizo awa kuchokera kwa wamaluwa wamaluwa:

• Ndi bwino kukolola masamba awa tsiku ndi tsiku kapena tsiku lina lililonse - izi zimathandiza kuti apange zipatso zatsopano mwamsanga;
• masambawo akulimbikitsidwa kuti azidulidwa ndi lumo, kuti asamawononge kutupa ndi ovary;
• nkhaka ndi zizindikiro za deformation kapena matenda ziyenera kuchotsedwa mosalekeza kuti zisamawonetsere zipatso zoyandikana nazo kuti ziwopsyeze;
• Pokolola, ndi bwino kugwiritsa ntchito m'mawa kapena madzulo, pamene kulibe kutentha kwakukulu.

Kukula nkhaka mu mbiya sikuli kovuta konse, ngakhale kuphweka komanso kosautsa kusiyana ndi malo otseguka. Zitsulo zoterezi zidzakuthandizani kusunga malo pa tsamba ndikuwoneka zosangalatsa m'mawu okongoletsera. Njira yolima iyi idzakhala yolandiridwa kwambiri kwa anthu okalamba omwe ali ovulaza. Ndikofunika kuti muzisankha mbiya yoyenera komanso malo oti muikidwe, pangani nthaka, kusakaniza nkhaka ndikuzisamalira bwino - ndipo simungasiyidwe popanda mbewu.

Momwe mungakulire nkhaka mu mbiya: ndemanga