Rasipiberi Vera: chabwino kudziwa zamitundu mitundu

M'zaka makumi zapitazi za zaka zapitazi, sayansi ya kubereka sichinakhalepo ngati lero. Umboni wa izi ndi rasipiberi wa kusankha kwa Sibera waku Sibera, komwe kunapezeka kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 80 zapitazi. Uwu ndi mitundu yoyambirira komanso yololera, koma zina mwazina zake sizabwino. Kuti mumvetse bwino Vera, ndiye kuti muyenera kumudziwa bwino.

Mbiri yakula

Raspberry Vera (dzina la mtundu wosakanizidwa 2-541) adapezeka ku Altai Territory ku Siberian Research Institute of Horticulture yotchedwa M.A. Lisavenko podutsa mitundu yodziwika: (Kaliningrad x Kuzmin News) x Barnaul. Zosiyanasiyana zidasanjidwa mu 1985, kuphatikizidwa mu kaundula wa zikwaniritso za Russian Federation mu 1989, zopezeka ku Central Black Earth Region, madera a Volga-Vyatka ndi West Siberian. M'madera ena, Vera siofala, ndipo "kumalo ake" sagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri.

Kufotokozera ndi mawonekedwe a raspberries Vera

Mitundu yakucha yakucha. Masamba obzala amatulutsa mchaka chachiwiri cha Juni, zipatsozo zimayamba kupsa patatha mwezi umodzi kutulutsa maluwa, mkati mwa Julayi.

Tchire limakhala ndi mphamvu pakukula pang'ono, likufalikira. Kutalika kokwanira kwambiri ndi 1.8 m. Zimayambira ndizolunjika ndi nsonga yokhota, yosinthika, kugwada pansi popanda kuthyoka. Mphukira imakutidwa ndi masamba ndi mitundu yambiri yopyapyala komanso yofewa yautali. Kutha kuwombera kumakhala modekha.

Rasipiberi tchire Vera wa kutalika, theka-kufalikira ndi chilili, kophimbidwa wokutidwa ndi masamba zimayambira

Zipatsozo ndizochepa komanso zapakatikati - masekeli 1.8-2.7 magalamu a utoto. Mawonekedwe awo ndi opusa. Kubowola kwa ma drupes ndikosakhwima, komwe kumayambitsa kuphwanya umphumphu wa zipatso panthawi yomwe akusonkhanitsa ndi mayendedwe. Kusungika kwazinthu sikabwino.

Zipatso za rasipiberi Vera zimakhala zazing'anga - 1.8-2.7 magalamu, zosaneneka, zofiirira

Kukomerako ndikokoma ndi wowawasa, wamba, wopanda matani a mchere, adalandira kulawa kwa mfundo za 3.5. Cholinga cha zinthuzo ndi zamakina.

Zochulukitsa ndizokwera kwambiri (89-129 kg / ha) komanso khola; 1.6-2.0 kg za zipatso zimatha kuchotsedwa pachitsamba chimodzi chisamaliro chabwino. Kucha zipatso kumapangitsa kuti zitheke kutola pafupifupi 70% ya mbewu nthawi yoyamba yokolola.

Zokolola za rasipiberi Vera ndizambiri, mpaka ma kilogalamu awiri pachitsamba chilichonse, zipatsozo zimapsa limodzi

Kukana chisanu kumakhala kochepa, kumazizira ndipo kumafuna pogona. Zosiyanasiyana sizimalola chilala.

Chikhulupiriro sichimasunthika pakuwona. Za kusatetemera kumatenda ena pakufotokozedwaku sikutchulidwa. Kukana kuwombera ndulu ndulu ndikuphatikizanso kwakukulu, popeza izi zimatha kuwononga kwambiri rasipiberi.

Ubwino ndi zoyipa zosiyanasiyana

Rasipiberi Vera ali ndi zabwino zingapo, monga:

• kupsa koyambirira;
• zokolola zambiri;
• zipatso sizikugwa pansi;
• spikes woonda komanso zofewa (osasokoneza zokolola);
• mphukira zosinthika zomwe zimakhala zosavuta kuzisungitsa pogona nthawi yozizira;
• kukana kuwonongeka ndi mphukira ndulu midge.

Zosiyanasiyana zilinso ndi zovuta, nayi mindandanda wawo:

• kukana chisanu kochepa, tchire limafuna pogona nyengo yozizira;
• kusakhazikika kwa chilala;
• osakwanira kukoma zipatso za zipatso zatsopano;
• kufooka kopanda ma bonasi;
• kusayenda bwino;
• kusakhazikika kwamaluwa.

Ubwino wopindulitsa wa rasipiberi wa Vera ndiwopindulitsa kwambiri komanso yakucha koyambirira, koma zovuta zake, monga kugulitsidwa pang'ono kwa malonda ndi kupirira kosakwanira, zimapangitsa Vera kukhala wosafunikira kwa wamaluwa. Sangaone chifukwa chilichonse chololera zolakwika zake chifukwa cha zabwino zomwe zilipo.

Mawonekedwe obzala ndi kukula

Rasipiberi Vera safunikira ukadaulo uliwonse wapaderadera ndipo amakula mwanjira zofananira ndi mitundu yambiri yaminda ya maluwa osankhika. Pali zinthu zochepa polima izi, koma muyenera kudziwa za iwo.

Tikufika

Mukabzala mitundu ya Vera, imakwaniritsa zofunikira zonse, monga rasipiberi wina aliyense. Sankhani malo poyera. Nthaka yabwino kwambiri ndi chonde kapena chopepuka chokhala ndi mpweya komanso madzi olowa madzi. Masipuni samakula pamtunda wama dothi komanso wouma.

Njira yodzala Vera imasankhidwa kutengera dera la rasipiberi. Ngati malo okonzekela limodzi akukonzekera, mutha kuyika zitsamba, kuyika mbewu patali mita 1-1,5. Pamalo akulu, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito chiwembu (60-70x1.5 m).

M'madera akulu, raspberries Vera wobzalidwa m'mizere malinga ndi chiwembu 60-70x1.5 m

Rabulosi angabzalidwe mu kasupe ndi yophukira. Kubzala maenje kuyenera kukhala osachepera 40x40x40 cm, iwo amawerengera ndi chisakanizo cha humus kapena kompositi ndi feteleza wa potaziyamu-phosphorous. Dothi lodzazidwa ndi dothi mutabzala limayikiridwa ndi zida zachilengedwe.

Chisamaliro

Kudula kwa mphukira zochulukirapo, kuchotsa mphukira ndi kuwotcha tchire kumachitika mwachizolowezi kwa raspberries, amene amabala zipatso zaka ziwiri. Popeza Vera alibe kutentha ndi kuzizira, chisamaliro chapadera chiyenera kulipidwa kunyumba yake yozizira. Pali malamulo angapo omwe muyenera kutsatira mukamakonzekera raspon kwa nyengo yachisanu:

• Zomwe zimayambira zimakuta pasadakhale, koposa zonse kumapeto kwa Seputembara. Mukachita izi posachedwa chisanu, mphukira zimatha kuthyoka.
• Asanakonzekere rasipiberi nthawi yachisanu, masamba onse otsalira amawachotsa ndi mphukira.
• Tengani timitengo tambiri (mutha kumanga) ndikumangirira mwala wolemera osachepera 1 kg kapena katundu wina aliyense. Njira ina yokhazikitsira mphukira ikhoza kukhala yopukutira ndi zibowo pansi kapena kumangiriza nsonga za mphukira pansi pa tchire loyandikana ndi malupu.
  

  Mutha kukonza ma rasipiberi okugwa m'njira zosiyanasiyana: mangani nsonga za tsinde kapena maziko a zitsamba pansi
• Mukakulitsa rasipiberi pa trellis, mutha kumangirira kumunsi wam'munsi, pomwe kutalika kwa zitsinde zowongoka sikuyenera kupitirira 25 cm.
• Ngati nyengo yamvula sikhala yozizira, ndibwino kuphimba mphukira zakonzedwa ndi agrofibre. Kuti muchite izi, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito mafelemu amitengo kapena achitsulo.

M'madera okhala ndi chipale chofewa, tchire lokonzekera limakutidwa ndi agrofiber pogwiritsa ntchito mafelemu

Rasipiberi Vera samalimbana ndi chilala ndipo amafunika chinyezi chokwanira nthawi yakula. Ndikofunika kwambiri kuthirira mbewu panthawi yokhazikitsa komanso mabulosi. Kutsirira kutha kuchitika mwa kukonkha (kuchokera pa payipi), pamiyala kapena pogwiritsa ntchito njira yongomayirira. Mukamagwiritsa ntchito madontho akumwetsa madzi, madzi amaperekedwa mwachindunji pansi pa mizu, ndipo zimayambira ndi zipatso zimakhala zouma. Izi zimakuthandizani kuti musunge chinyontho chofunikira m'nthaka komanso nthawi yomweyo pewani kupanga malo abwino achitukuko cha matenda oyamba ndi fungus. Isanayambike nyengo yozizira, kuthirira chisanachitike nyengo yachangu ndizovomerezeka.

Pamene raspberries amothiriridwa ndi dontho, madzi amalowa mwachindunji pansi pa mizu ya mbewu

Kuti achulukitse zokolola, Vera mwachikhalidwe amadyetsedwa nthawi 2-3 pachaka. Monga rasipiberi wina aliyense, Vera amafunikira nayitrogeni kwambiri (koma mwa theka loyambirira la chilimwe). Choyipa chachikulu chimawonedwa pogwiritsa ntchito feteleza wa manyowa popanga nkhuku ma infusions (1 lita imodzi yothira mu malita 20 a madzi) kapena manyowa a ng'ombe (1 lita imodzi ya malita 10 a madzi). Pangani 3-5 l imodzi mwazothetsera imodzi 1m². Pakakhala feteleza wachilengedwe, urea ungagwiritsidwe ntchito kuvala pamwamba. Ndipo nthawi yophukira, feteleza ndi phosphorous amawonjezeredwa.

Kanema: Malo okhala rasipiberi nthawi yachisanu

Matenda ndi Tizilombo

Kulongosola kosiyanasiyana sikumawonetsa kukana kwake matenda ndi tizirombo. Chifukwa chake, mwakuyenera, pali chiopsezo chogunda raspberries Vera matenda ndi tizirombo tambiri.

Kupewa kutetemera kwa utoto ndi zotupa zina

Zosiyanasiyana zimadziwika ndi chiwopsezo cha mawonedwe ofiirira, chifukwa chake nkoyenera kuganizira za matendawo mwatsatanetsatane. Kuwona kwamphaka ndi matenda am'mimba oyambitsidwa ndi pathogen Didymella applanata Sacc., Chifukwa chake matendawa ali ndi dzina lachiwiri - didimella. Zizindikiro za matendawa zimawoneka pang'onopang'ono pamalo ophatikizika ndi masamba amtundu wa lilac-bulauni, omwe pambuyo pake amakula ndikuwonetsa tsinde lonse. Necrosis imawoneka pamasamba, petioles ndi nthambi za zipatso, zomwe zimatsogolera pakuuma kwa ziwalo zomwe zakhudzidwa.

Pankhani ya rasipiberi matenda obiriwira owonera (didimella), mawanga a bulauni a lilac amakhala ndi mphukira zapachaka

Njira zowongolera ma Agrotechnical zimawonjezera kuwonongedwa kwa kachilombo koyambitsa matenda, kuchepera kwa malo m'nthawi yake, kuthirira bwino popanda kuthirira. Mwa mankhwala, kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa ndi 1% Bordeaux fluid kumayambiriro kwamasamba ndikothandiza. Mphukira zikafika 20 cm, musanafike maluwa ndipo nthawi yomweyo itatha, mkuwa wa chloride (3-4 g / l) kapena Bordeaux madzi umagwiritsidwa ntchito pokonza.

Popewa kutenga matenda ena, zotsatirazi zikhale zokwanira panthawi yake:

• Kutetezedwa kwa mizu kuchokera pakuwonongeka kwamakina (simungathe kukumba mwakuya ndikumasulira nthaka pansi patchire).
• Kukula raspberries m'malo amodzi osaposa zaka 7. Bweretsani patsamba lakale kwambiri kuposa zaka 3-4.
• Kudula kwakanthawi ndi kuwonongedwa kwa chosawilitsidwa, kuwonongeka ndi kachilomboka.
• Udzu wachinyamata.
• Gwiritsani ntchito pobereka pokha pobzala wathanzi.
• Menyani panthawiyi nsabwe za m'masamba zomwe zimafalitsa matenda oyamba ndi tizilombo.
• Osalola kuti chinyezi chisamire mu raspberries.
• Kumwaza mbewu ndi imodzi mwazinthu zopangira mankhwala (1% Bordeaux madzi, mkuwa wa mkuwa, Khom, Abiga-Peak) kumayambiriro kwa kasupe, musanayambe maluwa ndipo mutakolola.

Kanema: momwe mungachitire ndi kupera kwamtambo

Pofotokozera zamtunduwu, kukana kwake kwa mphukira ndulu ya midge kumasonyezedwa. Mwinanso, tizirombo totsalira ta mbewu titha kuthana ndi mavuto. Chifukwa chake, ndi bwino kudziwiratu oimira ena ambiri nthawi isanakwane.

Gome: Tizilombo Tizilombo ta Rasipiberi Vera

Zithunzi Zazithunzi: Tizilombo Tofala Kwambiri

Rasipiberi Vera sakambidwa pamabwalo wamaluwa; palibe ndemanga zotsalira za iye. Zosiyanasiyana ndizotalikirana ndi muyezo ndipo, mwina, chifukwa chake sizotchuka. Pakadali pano mitundu yambiri yatsopano yomwe yakhala ikuyenda bwino idadulidwa. Mwinanso, rasipiberi Vera samalimbana ndi mpikisano nawo ndipo pang'onopang'ono amatsanulidwa mu raspberries waku Russia. Vera ndi wamba rasipiberi. Zosiyanasiyana ndizopatsa zipatso, koma monga momwe zigawo zimapangidwira, sizikhala ndi kupirira kokwanira, zimafunikira kulimbikira kwambiri kuti zikule ndipo sizisiyana pazogulitsa zapamwamba. Chifukwa chake, makamaka, rasipiberi Vera ndi mbiri yakale yosankhira mabanja.