Kodi acidity ya nthaka m'munda wawo, si eni eni eni onse omwe amadziwa. Ambiri amasowa poona kusamvetsetsa kosamvetsetseka kwa pH ndi chiwerengero cha chiwerengero pambuyo pake pamatumba a zosakaniza sitolo. Ngakhale kuti ndizofunikira kwambiri pa ntchito yokonza zokolola zoyenera komanso zakutsogolo zam'tsogolo. Tidzafotokozera momwe tingakhalire acidity ya nthaka mosiyana, ndi momwe zizindikiro za zizindikirozi zimakhudzira zomera za m'munda.
Uchi acidity ndi mtengo wake
Mphamvu ya dziko lapansi kuwonetsera zizindikiro za kukhala ndi zidulo monga gawo lake zimatchedwa nthaka acidity. Mu zopereka za sayansi palizodziwitsidwa kuti okosijeni la gawo lapansi amalimbikitsidwa ma hydrogen ndi aluminium ions.
Mukudziwa? Nthaka yamtengo wapatali kwambiri imakhala pafupifupi 11 peresenti ya thumba la dziko lapansi.
Mu ulimi, zomwe zimachitika ndizofunikira kwambiri chifukwa zimakhudza mwachindunji kuchuluka kwa kuchepa kwa zakudya ndi miyambo ya chikhalidwe. Phosphorous, manganese, chitsulo, boroni ndi zinc zimakhala zosungunuka bwino mumlengalenga. Koma ndi zowonjezera zazikulu kapena alkalinity mu zomera zidzawonedwa chitukuko choletsedwa. Ichi ndi chifukwa cha zotsatira zovulaza zapamwamba kwambiri kapena zamtengo wapatali wa pH.
Kwa chikhalidwe chilichonse pali malire a acidity, ngakhale, malinga ndi agronomists, mbewu zambiri m'munda ndi m'munda zimakonda malo ochepetsedwa pang'ono kapena osalowerera dothipamene pH mlingo uli 5-7.
Feteleza imakhudzanso kutentha kwa nthaka. Superphosphate, potaziyamu sulphate ndi potaziyamu mchere zimatha kuyankhulana. Kuchepetsa asidi - calcium ndi sodium nitrate. Carbamide (urea), nitroammophoska ndi potaziyamu nitrate samakhala nawo mbali.
Kutentha mosavuta kwa dothi kungayambitse kusintha kwa acidity m'njira imodzi kapena ina, zomwe zidzakhudza kwambiri zomera za m'minda.
Ngati dziko lili lopanda kwambiri, protoplasm idzakhala ndi zotsatira zovulaza pamtunda wautali, zakudya zamchere sizidzatha kulowa muzu wa zitsamba ndipo zidzathetsa mchere wa aluminium ndi salt.
Chifukwa cha mndandanda wa zochitika zotsatizana ndi zosavomerezeka zomwe zimachitika, phosphoric acid idzasanduka mawonekedwe osasunthika, ndikuyambitsa zowopsa pa zamoyo.
Mukudziwa? Mu supuni imodzi ya padziko lapansi imakhala ndi tizilombo ting'onoting'ono monga momwe zilili padziko lonse lapansi.Kusintha kwa pH ku mbali yamchere sikovuta. Akatswiri amafotokoza izi mothandizidwa ndi mizu ya zomera kuti imatulutsa mpweya wa carbon dioxide, ndipo nthawi zambiri amachititsa kuti thupi likhale losafunika kwambiri.
Ndicho chifukwa kusintha kwakukulu kwa nthaka acidity sikungaloledwe, ndipo magawo opangidwa ndi okosijeni akulimbikitsidwa kuti asokoneze bwino ndi zaka zonse 3-5.
Momwe mungafotokozere izo
Agronomists amazindikira momwe angazindikire acidity ya nthaka; pakhomo iwo amalimbikitsa kugwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zapadera kapena kugwiritsa ntchito "njira zakale". Tidzakambirana momveka bwino pazomwe tingasankhe.
Zolondola komanso zowonjezereka zokhudzana ndi chikhalidwe cha acidity m'munda amalimi amalandira kuchokera ku pH mamita. Ichi ndi chipangizo chapadera chomwe msinkhu wa asidi umawonetseredwa mu nthaka yankho ndiyeso.
Njirayi ndi yosasangalatsa, chifukwa madzi osungunuka okha ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito kuti asungunuke malo ochepa a nthaka, ndipo akulimbikitsidwa kuchotsa chithunzi cha gawo lapansi kuchokera pamtunda wa masentimita 6. Kuwonjezera pamenepo, kulondola kwa chotsatirachi kudzafunika kuyang'anitsidwa pafupi kasanu m'magawo osiyanasiyana a m'munda ndi masentimita 30.
Ndikofunikira! Mitundu yonse ya kabichi, anyezi ndi adyo, beets amakonda nthaka yopanda ndale. Koma mbatata, biringanya, nandolo, nkhaka ndi zukini Tsitsani bwino kwambiri m'madera ozungulira. Mtengo wabwino kwambiri ndi pH (acidic) adzakhala tomato, kaloti ndi maungu.Njira ina yodziwira acidity ya nthaka ndi kugwiritsa ntchito zizindikiro zapadera. Ngakhale m'mabungwe akuluakulu a zaulimi sakuzindikira kuti kuyesedwa chifukwa cha zolakwa zazikulu, ndipo eni eni malo ochepa a pakhomo amanena kuti zipangizozi ndizofunikira kwambiri popita kunyumba.
Kawirikawiri, litmus, phenolphthalein ndi methyl lalanje zimagwiritsidwa ntchito poyesa nthaka yankho. Kusintha kwa mtundu wa mankhwala akuyesa kukuwonetseratu chilengedwe chowopsa.
Koma ngati mulibe nthaka yapadera ya acidity mamita, mukhoza kuyang'ana pH chitetezo pogwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zomwe zilipo. Kwa ichi pali mateloji ambiri odziwika bwino. Zowonongeka kwambiri ndi zotsika mtengo za iwo zimasonyeza kuyesa kugwiritsa ntchito vinyo wosasa.
Mudzafuna nthaka yatsopano ndi madontho pang'ono a madzi kuti muwone. Ngati zotsatira za kuphatikiza zigawo zikuluzikuluzi zidzakhala zokopa ndi kupunthira, gawo lanu m'munda wanu ndi amchere (pH pamwamba pa 7). Kupezeka kwa zizindikiro izi kumasonyeza malo osokoneza.
Ndikofunikira! Ngati mumasintha kwambiri acidity wa gawo lapansi, kuthekera kwa salts kutulutsa ndi kuyamwa kwa mzuzi wa zakudya zimasintha. Mwachitsanzo, nayitrogeni imakhala yosatheka kwa zomera, ndi zotsatira zake kuti zimakula bwino ndikufa.Amaluwa ena amawuzana momwe angayang'anire acidity ya nthaka panyumba pothandizidwa ndi kabichi wofiira. Kuti muchite izi, masamba a masamba aphwanyidwa ndi kupanikizidwa kuchokera mu madziwo, kenaka yikani mowa pang'ono ku madzi.
Kuyezetsa kumachitika pamtunda wothira nthaka yomwe madzi osungunuka okha amagwiritsidwa ntchito. Ngati woyezayo wasintha mtundu wake kukhala wofiira kwambiri - dziko lapansi ndi losavuta, ngati limasanduka buluu kapena limasanduka wofiirira - gawo lopangidwa ndi alkaline.
Njira yachiwiri ya "kachitidwe kachikale" imapangitsa asidi kupanga pH ndi kulowetsedwa kwa masamba obiriwira a currant wakuda. Pa theka la lita imodzi ya madzi otentha amafunikira zidutswa zisanu ndi zinayi. Pamene madzi asefukira, sungani zing'onozing'ono zowonjezeramo gawo lapansi ndikusakaniza bwino. Madzi otentha ndi chizindikiro cha chilengedwe cha acidic, mithunzi ya bluish imasonyeza kuti saloŵerera m'ndale, ndipo kamvekedwe ka mtundu wobiriwira kamasonyeza nthaka yochepa kwambiri.
Ndikofunikira! Mu nthaka ndi acid acid reaction pH wa 6-7, zikhalidwe zabwino kuti chitukuko cha mabakiteriya, pakati pawo pali ambiri tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, amapangidwa.
Kusintha kwa acid acid
Zomwe zimayambitsa chilengedwe cha nthaka - ichi si chiganizo kwa wolima. Ndipotu, asidi amachititsa gawolo ndi losavuta kusintha.
Kulimbikitsa
Ngati malo akukonzekera kubzala mkungudza, phulusa la mapiri, kiranberi, buluu ndi buluu, zomwe zimakonda masitepe amphamvu kwambiri, ndipo kuyesa kwawonetsa malo a alkaline, muyenera kuwonjezera pH. Kuti muchite izi, tsanulirani dera lofunikanso ndi njira yeniyeni yokonzera 60 g ya oxalic acid kapena citric acid ndi 10 malita a madzi.
Kwa zotsatira zabwino, mamita 1 lalikulu ayenera kutsanulira chidebe cha madzi. Mwinanso, asidi angasinthidwe ndi vinyo wosasa kapena vinyo wa apulo cider. 100 g ndi okwanira kutsanulira mu chidebe cha madzi khumi. Sulfure imaperekanso zotsatira zabwino mthupi la 70 g ndi peat (1.5 makilogalamu) zidzafunika pa mita imodzi iliyonse.
Malo ena a chilimwe chifukwa cha izi amagwiritsa ntchito batri yatsopano ya electrolyte. Koma iwo amavomereza kuti mwa njirayi kawirikawiri njirayo siimapereka zotsatira, chifukwa zimakhala zovuta kuwerengera kuchuluka kwa madzi. Akatswiri amaganiza kuti njirayi ikhale yogwira mtima ndipo yang'anani kuti kuti mugwiritse ntchito, ndikofunikira kuti mudziwe zambiri zokhudza pH mlingo pabedi. Choncho, kunyumba ndibwino kugwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zamakono.
Mukudziwa? Masana munda ukhoza kutaya masentimita asanu a mpira wapamwamba padziko lapansi. Izi zimachitika chifukwa cha nyengo.
Kutaya
Maapulo, kabichi, nkhaka, turnips, parsley, anyezi ndi katsitsumzukwa. Ngati simunapeze zomwe zili pazomwe muli, yesetsani kuchotsa gawolo.
Izi zachitika pogwiritsa ntchito laimu la pansi. Malinga ndi asidi anachita pa lalikulu mita imodzi ya masamba, kuchokera 150 mpaka 300 g wa fluff ndi anawonjezera. Ngati ndalama sizipezeka, mungathe kufalitsa phalala, ufa wa dolomite, fumbi la simenti pansi.
Agronomists akulangizani pa mchenga wowawasa mchenga ndipo amayendetsa kupereka kuchokera 30 mpaka 40 makilogalamu a katundu pa 100 lalikulu mamita. Pofuna kulima zomera zowonongeka, kuchepa kwa mbeu kumachitika mu kugwa polima malo. Kuwonjezera apo, ndi zofunika kubwereza ndondomeko iliyonse zaka zisanu.
Mchere wa acidity
Zikuchitika kuti malangizidwe ofotokozedwa kuti asinthidwe ndi asidi otere sakubweretsa zotsatira zoyenera. Otsogolera agronomists akufotokozera izi ndi mitundu ya acidity ndipo mosasankhidwa anasankhidwa wothandizira. Taganizirani mwachidule nthaka ya acidity classification.
Ndikofunikira! Mchere wochuluka wa nthaka umapezeka mwadzidzidzi kumadera kumene mvula imagwa chaka. M'minda imakhala ndi leaching yamphamvu ya calcium, kutayika kumene kuli kotheka ndi kukolola kwakukulu.
General (zomwe zimachitika)
M'mabuku apadera pali zokhudzana ndi zamakono, zotheka, kusinthanitsa ndi hydrolytic acidity. Muzosanthauziridwa za sayansi, zam'mimba zam'madzi zimatanthawuza momwe njira yothetsera nthaka ikuyendera pogwiritsa ntchito madzi osungunuka.
Mwachizoloŵezi, kukonzekera kwa yankho kumachitika mu chiŵerengero cha 2.5: 1, ndipo pa nkhani ya zigoba za peat, chiŵerengero chimasintha kwa 1:25. Ngati mayeserowa amasonyeza zotsatira ndi pH ya 7, nthaka m'munda siili mbali, zizindikiro zonse pansipa zimasonyeza zowonongeka, komanso pamwamba pa 7 alkaline medium.
The acidity ya olimba pansi chikuto amasonyeza pH zoyenera. Zigawozi zimasonyeza zotsatira za cations, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mchere ukhale wothira nthaka.
Kusinthanitsa ndondomeko pakati pa cations wa hydrogen ndi aluminium chifukwa cha asidi kusinthanitsa anachita. Akatswiri amanena kuti m'madera omwe nthawi zonse amamera ndi zinthu zakutchire, ziwerengerozi zimachokera ku H-ions, ndipo m'madera kumene manyowa amalephera, chithunzi cha Al-ions chimatulukira.
Hydrolytic acidity imatsimikiziridwa ndi H-ions, yomwe imadutsa mu madzi panthawi yomwe dziko lapansi limatulutsa mankhwala ndi mchere.
Mukudziwa? Pakatikatikati, nthaka yachonde ndi 2 cm koma kuti izipange, idzatenga pafupifupi zaka zana. Ndipo mapangidwe a mpira wa masentimita 20 adzatenga chimodzimodzi zaka chikwi chimodzi.
Ndi mtundu wa nthaka
Nthaka ya acidity imakhudzidwa osati ndi zinthu zina zakunja, kuphatikizapo mankhwala awo. Akatswiri amati:
- Malo odzera podzolic ali ndi pH yochepa (4.5-5.5);
- peatlands - kwambiri oxidized (pH 3.4-4.4);
- pa madontho a m'mphepete mwa nthaka komanso m'malo amadzimadzi awo amadzikamo kwambiri (pH 3);
- mchere, monga lamulo, acidic (pH 3.7-4.2);
- mu nkhalango zosakanikirana, nthaka ndi sing'onoting'ono acidity (pH 4.6-6);
- mu nkhalango zakuda nkhalango zimakhala zochepa pang'ono (pH 5);
- mu steppe pang'ono acidic earth (pH 5.5-6);
- pa cenoses, kumene mitundu ya zomera za steppe zimakula, pali ofooka komanso osalowerera.
Ndi zomera
Udzu wamsongo ndi chizindikiro chotsimikizika cha dothi la asidi: nsalu, mahatchi, mazira, mabala, sorelo, mbalame, zokwawa, mafuta, pike, berrycot, oxalis, sphagnum ndi maluwa obiriwira, belous ndi pikulnik.
Dyetsani nthula ndi imodzi mwa namsongole omwe amalima kwambiri, omwe Lontrel angakuthandizeni kumenyana. Koma musathamangire kuwononga, chifukwa imathandizanso.
Malo amchere amasankhidwa ndi macamosey, zoyera zoyera, mpiru wa mpiru ndi larkspur.
M'mayiko osatetezeka, pesa nyemba, munda bindweed, clover woyera ndi adonis ndizofala.
Ndikofunikira! Ngati mlingo wa pH 4 - dothi la nthaka ndi lolimba kwambiri; kuyambira 4 mpaka 5 - sing'anga asidi; kuyambira 5 mpaka 6 - acid acid; kuyambira 6.5 mpaka 7 - ndale; kuchokera 7 mpaka 8 - pang'ono zamchere; kuyambira 8 mpaka 8.5 - zamkati zamchere; zoposa 8.5 - zamchere kwambiri.
Podziwa momwe mungazindikire acidity ya nthaka m'dzikolo, ndipo chifukwa chake mukufunikira, mudzatha kukonzekera bwino kayendedwe ka mbeu komanso kuonjezera zokolola za mbeu zanu popanda mavuto.
